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Tsianou CC, Kvetina J, Radochova V, Kohoutova D, Rejchrt S, Valis M, Zdarova Karasova J, Tacheci I, Knoblochova V, Soukup O, Bures J. The effect of single and repeated doses of rivastigmine on gastric myoelectric activity in experimental pigs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286386. [PMID: 37262057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rivastigmine is a pseudo-irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used for therapy of Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer dementia syndromes. In humans, rivastigmine can cause significant gastrointestinal side effects that can limit its clinical use. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of rivastigmine on gastric motor function by means of electrogastrography (EGG) in experimental pigs. METHODS Six experimental adult female pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica, hybrids of Czech White and Landrace breeds; 3-month-old; mean weight 30.7 ± 1.2 kg) were enrolled into the study twice and created two experimental groups. In group A, a single intragastric dose of 6 mg rivastigmine hydrogen tartate was administered in the morning to fasting pigs before EGG recording. In group B, rivastigmine was administered to overnight fasting animals in a dietary bolus in the morning for 7 days (6 mg per day). On day 8, an intragastric dose of 12 mg rivastigmine was given in the morning to fasting pigs before EGG. EGG recording was accomplished by means of an EGG standalone system. Recordings from both groups were evaluated in dominant frequency and EGG power (areas of amplitudes). RESULTS In total, 1,980 one-minute EGG intervals were evaluated. In group A, basal EGG power (median 1290.5; interquartile range 736.5-2330 μV2) was significantly higher in comparison with the power of intervals T6 (882; 577-1375; p = 0.001) and T10 (992.5; 385-2859; p = 0.032). In group B, the dominant frequency increased significantly from basal values (1.97 ± 1.57 cycles per minute) to intervals T9 (3.26 ± 2.16; p < 0.001) and T10 (2.14 ± 1.16; p = 0.012), respectively. In group B, basal EGG power (median 1030.5; interquartile range 549-5093) was significantly higher in comparison with the power of intervals T7 (692.5; 434-1476; p = 0.002) and T8 (799; 435-1463 μV2; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Both single as well as repeated intragastric administration of rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate caused a significant decrease of EGG power (areas of amplitudes) in experimental pigs. EGG power may serve as an indirect indicator of gastric motor competence. These findings might provide a possible explanation of rivastigmine-associated dyspepsia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaroslav Kvetina
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Radochova
- Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Kohoutova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav Rejchrt
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zdarova Karasova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ilja Tacheci
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bures
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Nové Město, Czech Republic
- Military University Hospital Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
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Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury Further Aggravates the Impact of Galantamine on the Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Experimental Pigs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060590. [PMID: 34207410 PMCID: PMC8234489 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galantamine has been used as a treatment for Alzheimer disease. It has a unique, dual mode of action (inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors). Nausea (in about 20%), vomiting (10%) and diarrhoea (5–7%) are the most common side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of galantamine on porcine gastric myoelectric activity without (Group A) and with (Group B) dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced gastrointestinal injury. Galantamine hydrobromide was administrated to twelve pigs as a single intragastric dose (24 mg). Gastric myoelectric activity was investigated by electrogastrography (EGG). Basal (15 min before galantamine administration) and study recordings after galantamine administration (300 min) were evaluated using a running spectral analysis. Results were expressed as dominant frequency of gastric slow waves and power analysis (areas of amplitudes). Altogether, 3780 one-minute EGG recordings were evaluated. In Group A, power was steady from basal values for 180 min, then gradually decreased till 270 min (p = 0.007). In Group B, there was a rapid gradual fall from basal values to those after 120 min (p = 0.007) till 300 min (p ˂ 0.001). In conclusion, galantamine alone revealed an unfavourable effect on porcine myoelectric activity assessed by gastric power. It can be a plausible explanation of galantamine-associated dyspepsia in humans. DSS caused further profound decrease of EGG power. That may indicate that underlying inflammatory, ischaemic or NSAIDs-induced condition of the intestine in humans can have aggravated the effect of galantamine on gastric myoelectric activity.
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