1
|
Abdolrahimzadeh S, Evangelisti M, Gattazzo I, Arpinelli M, Di Nardo G, Federico DS, Simmaco M, Salerno G, Parisi P, Scuderi G, Villa MP. Oxidative stress and optical coherence tomography angiography evaluation of choriocapillaris and retinal vessel density in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:639-646. [PMID: 37843681 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the vascular networks of the retina and choroid using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to identify early biomarkers of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and to evaluate correlations with blood levels of oxidative stress. STUDY DESIGN Patients with OSA were diagnosed based on video-polysomnography (PSG) and blood samples were collected to evaluate oxidative stress markers: total antioxidant status (TAS), biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test, Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test. The eyes of children with OSA were evaluated and compared with eyes of healthy age-matched children. OCTA imaging was carried out to evaluate the choroidal and retinal vascular network density indices. RESULTS A total of 31 children with OSA were recruited and compared with 10 healthy children. Choriocapillaris flow area decreased (p = 0.006) and superficial capillary plexus vessel density increased (p=0.01) with increasing severity of OSA. Children with OSA showed significant differences in TAS and d-ROMs test when compared to normal pediatric values (p<0.05). In calculating the correlations between PSG, oxidative stress, and OCTA variables, there was a negative correlation between choriocapillaris flow area and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (p = 0.02, r2 -0.5) and between choriocapillaris flow area and the d-ROMs test (p 0.03; r2 0.5). CONCLUSIONS The severity of OSA was associated with the choroidal and retinal capillary vascular networks. The correlation of the choriocapillaris flow area with AHI and the d-ROMs test indicates the connection of the choroidal microvasculature with the number of obstructive apnea and hypopnea events and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- St. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Evangelisti
- St. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Rome, Italy
- Paediatrics Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Gattazzo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Arpinelli
- Paediatrics Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- St. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Rome, Italy
- Paediatrics Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Di Staso Federico
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- St. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- St. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- St. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Rome, Italy
- Paediatrics Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- St. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Villa
- St. Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Paediatrics Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lawther AJ, Zieba J, Fang Z, Furlong TM, Conn I, Govindaraju H, Choong LLY, Turner N, Siddiqui KS, Bridge W, Merlin S, Hyams TC, Killingsworth M, Eapen V, Clarke RA, Walker AK. Antioxidant Behavioural Phenotype in the Immp2l Gene Knock-Out Mouse. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1717. [PMID: 37761857 PMCID: PMC10531238 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the Inner mitochondrial membrane protein 2-like (IMMP2L) gene is linked to autism inheritance. However, the biological basis of this linkage is unknown notwithstanding independent reports of oxidative stress in association with both IMMP2L and ASD. To better understand IMMP2L's association with behaviour, we developed the Immp2lKD knockout (KO) mouse model which is devoid of Immp2l peptidase activity. Immp2lKD -/- KO mice do not display any of the core behavioural symptoms of ASD, albeit homozygous Immp2lKD -/- KO mice do display increased auditory stimulus-driven instrumental behaviour and increased amphetamine-induced locomotion. Due to reports of increased ROS and oxidative stress phenotypes in an earlier truncated Immp2l mouse model resulting from an intragenic deletion within Immp2l, we tested whether high doses of the synthetic mitochondrial targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) could reverse or moderate the behavioural changes in Immp2lKD -/- KO mice. To our surprise, we observed that ROS levels were not increased but significantly lowered in our new Immp2lKD -/- KO mice and that these mice had no oxidative stress-associated phenotypes and were fully fertile with no age-related ataxia or neurodegeneration as ascertained using electron microscopy. Furthermore, the antioxidant MitoQ had no effect on the increased amphetamine-induced locomotion of these mice. Together, these findings indicate that the behavioural changes in Immp2lKD -/- KO mice are associated with an antioxidant-like phenotype with lowered and not increased levels of ROS and no oxidative stress-related phenotypes. This suggested that treatments with antioxidants are unlikely to be effective in treating behaviours directly resulting from the loss of Immp2l/IMMP2L activity, while any behavioural deficits that maybe associated with IMMP2L intragenic deletion-associated truncations have yet to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lawther
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Jerzy Zieba
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zhiming Fang
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
| | - Teri M. Furlong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Illya Conn
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Hemna Govindaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Laura L. Y. Choong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wallace Bridge
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sam Merlin
- Medical Science, School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Tzipi Cohen Hyams
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
| | - Murray Killingsworth
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital Campus, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, NSW 2107, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- Academic Unit of Infant Child and Adolescent Services (AUCS), South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Raymond A. Clarke
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- Academic Unit of Infant Child and Adolescent Services (AUCS), South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Adam K. Walker
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Levetiracetam in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030848. [PMID: 36979827 PMCID: PMC10045287 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which it has been shown that the presence of oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in epileptogenesis. The literature has shown that some antiseizure drugs (ASD) have neuroprotective properties. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a drug commonly used as an ASD, and in some studies, it has been found to possess antioxidant properties. Because the antioxidant effects of LEV have not been demonstrated in the chronic phase of epilepsy, the objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of LEV on the oxidant–antioxidant status in the hippocampus of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The in vitro scavenging capacity of LEV was evaluated. LEV administration in rats with TLE significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increased catalase (CAT) activity, but did not change glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and significantly decreased glutathione reductase (GR) activity in comparison with epileptic rats. LEV administration in rats with TLE significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels but did not change lipoperoxidation and carbonylated protein levels in comparison with epileptic rats. In addition, LEV showed in vitro scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical (HO•). LEV showed significant antioxidant effects in relation to restoring the redox balance in the hippocampus of rats with TLE. In vitro, LEV demonstrated direct antioxidant activity against HO•.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kośmider K, Kamieniak M, Czuczwar SJ, Miziak B. Second Generation of Antiepileptic Drugs and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043873. [PMID: 36835284 PMCID: PMC9964930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. As a result of epileptic seizure or status epilepticus oxidants are excessively formed, which may be one of the causes of neuronal death. Given the role of oxidative stress in epileptogenesis, as well as the participation of this process in other neurological conditions, we decided to review the latest state of knowledge regarding the relationship between selected newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), also known as antiseizure drugs, and oxidative stress. The literature review indicates that drugs enhancing GABA-ergic transmission (e.g., vigabatrin, tiagabine, gabapentin, topiramate) or other antiepileptics (e.g., lamotrigine, levetiracetam) reduce neuronal oxidation markers. In particular, levetiracetam may produce ambiguous effects in this regard. However, when a GABA-enhancing drug was applied to the healthy tissue, it tended to increase oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent manner. Studies on diazepam have shown that it exerts a neuroprotective effect in a "U-shaped" dose-dependent manner after excitotoxic or oxidative stress. Its lower concentrations are insufficient to protect against neuronal damage, while higher concentrations produce neurodegeneration. Therefore, a conclusion follows that newer AEDs, enhancing GABA-ergic neurotransmission, may act similarly to diazepam, causing neurodegeneration and oxidative stress when used in high doses.
Collapse
|
5
|
SONE R, NAKAZAWA S, OHISHI K. Efficacy of mineral-rich antioxidant supplements on oxidative stress markers and exercise performance. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
6
|
Contreras-García IJ, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Romo-Mancillas A, Bandala C, Zamudio SR, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Pichardo-Macías LA. Levetiracetam Mechanisms of Action: From Molecules to Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040475. [PMID: 35455472 PMCID: PMC9030752 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used to control seizures. Even though parts of their mechanisms of action are known, there are still components that need to be studied. Therefore, the search for novel drugs, new molecular targets, and a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of existing drugs is still crucial. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an AED that has been shown to be effective in seizure control and is well-tolerable, with a novel mechanism of action through an interaction with the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A). Moreover, LEV has other molecular targets that involve calcium homeostasis, the GABAergic system, and AMPA receptors among others, that might be integrated into a single mechanism of action that could explain the antiepileptogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties of LEV. This puts it as a possible multitarget drug with clinical applications other than for epilepsy. According to the above, the objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive and integrative review of LEV in relation to its clinical uses, structural properties, therapeutical targets, and different molecular, genetic, and systemic action mechanisms in order to consider LEV as a candidate for drug repurposing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Romo-Mancillas
- Laboratorio de Diseño Asistido por Computadora y Síntesis de Fármacos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Neurociencia Básica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Sergio R. Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Julieta Griselda Mendoza-Torreblanca
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.G.M.-T.); (L.A.P.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1441) (J.G.M.-T.)
| | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.G.M.-T.); (L.A.P.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1441) (J.G.M.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Protective Effect of Luminal Uric Acid Against Indomethacin-Induced Enteropathy: Role of Antioxidant Effect and Gut Microbiota. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:121-133. [PMID: 33569665 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid (UA) has anti- and pro-inflammatory properties. We previously revealed that elevated serum UA levels provide protection against murine small intestinal injury probably via luminal UA secreted in the small intestine. Luminal UA may act as an antioxidant, preventing microbiota vulnerability to oxidative stress. However, whether luminal UA is increased under hyperuricemia and plays a protective role in a dose-dependent manner as well as the mechanism by which luminal UA exerts its protective effects on enteropathy remains unknown. METHODS Inosinic acid (IMP) (1000 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to obtain high serum UA (HUA) and moderate serum UA (500 mg/kg IMP, i.p.) mice. UA concentrations and levels of oxidative stress markers in the serum and intestine were measured. Mice received indomethacin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) to evaluate the effects of UA on indomethacin-induced enteropathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the ileal mucosa were analyzed. The fecal microbiota of HUA mice was transplanted to investigate its effect on indomethacin-induced enteropathy. RESULTS IMP increased luminal UA dose-dependently, with higher levels of luminal antioxidant markers. Indomethacin-induced enteropathy was significantly ameliorated in both UA-elevated groups, with decreased indomethacin-induced luminal ROS. The microbiota of HUA mice showed a significant increase in α-diversity and a significant difference in β-diversity from the control. Fecal microbiota transplantation from HUA mice ameliorated indomethacin-induced enteropathy. CONCLUSIONS The protective role of luminal UA in intestinal injury is likely exerted via oxidative stress elimination and microbiota composition modulation, preferably for gut immunity. Therefore, enhancing anaerobic conditions using antioxidants is a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
8
|
Osuntokun OS, Aderoju MO, Adebisi IE, Abayomi TA, Samuel Tokunbo O, Olayiwola G. Phenytoin–levetiracetam adjunctive treatment-induced neurotoxicity and deregulation of cholinergic neurotransmission with evidence of neurocognitive impairment in male Wistar rats. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1948157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Samson Osuntokun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Mary Olabisi Aderoju
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Esther Adebisi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Adekemi Abayomi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria
| | | | - Gbola Olayiwola
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Javor A, Zamarian L, Ransmayr G, Prieschl M, Bergmann M, Walser G, Luef G, Prokop W, Delazer M, Unterberger I. The role of cortisol in trust behavior: Results from an experimental study on healthy controls and patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 110:107138. [PMID: 32464541 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trust is one of the foundations of human society and pervades all aspects of human live. Research on humans focused primarily on identifying the biological basis of trust behavior in healthy subjects, and this evidence hints to certain brain areas, hormones, and genetic factors to be fundamentally involved. The contribution of cortisol in trust has not yet elicited much attention in research, especially when specifically examined at basal cortisol levels. Trust has been previously studied in some neurological diseases but not in patients with epilepsy, and the influence of hormones on trust in these diseases remains yet unknown. Against this background, we designed an experimental study with a group of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and a group of healthy controls to compare trust behavior and plasma cortisol levels between the two groups. This economic game is frequently used in research to operationalize trust behavior. All participants further underwent neuropsychological assessment. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in trust behavior during the trust game, but a trend toward lower trust in patients. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in cortisol levels between groups with lower levels in patients. Interestingly, cortisol levels correlated with trust only in the patient group, but not in the control group. Future studies should specifically differentiate the effect of induced cortisol increases (e.g., acute stress) versus the effect of basal cortisol levels reflecting homeostasis or chronic stress on trust behavior and leverage the potential of comparison between patients and healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrija Javor
- Department of Neurology 2, Kepler University Hospital, Med Campus III, Krankenhausstraße 7, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Laura Zamarian
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Department of Neurology 2, Kepler University Hospital, Med Campus III, Krankenhausstraße 7, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Manuela Prieschl
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Bergmann
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Walser
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Luef
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Prokop
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margarete Delazer
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris Unterberger
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujimoto A, Okanishi T, Ichikawa N, Sakakura K, Baba S, Sato K, Nishimura M, Enoki H. Epilepsy surgery reduced seizure frequency for patients with severe motor and intellectual disorders. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 106:107031. [PMID: 32203926 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about epilepsy surgery for patients with severe motor and intellectual disorders (SMIDs). We hypothesized that epilepsy surgery could reduce epileptic seizure frequency in these patients. The purpose of this study was to compare pre- and postoperative seizure frequency in patients with SMIDs. METHODS A total of 288 surgeries were performed for pediatric patients, including those with SMIDs, from 2009 to 2018. Inclusion criteria were as follows: Oshima classification 1 (intelligence quotient <20 and bedridden), ≥2 years old, proven ictal events evaluated by long-term video electroencephalography, and ≥1-year follow-up. Seizure frequency and the number of antiseizure medications (ASMs) were compared between pre- and postepilepsy surgery. Patients' respiratory and feeding conditions were also examined to determine comorbidities. RESULTS Nineteen patients (5 girls, 14 boys; age: 2 to 12 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. One patient underwent focus resection, 2 patients underwent total corpus callosotomy, and 16 patients underwent vagus nerve stimulation therapies. Of 19 patients, 16 (84.2%) had daily seizures, and 3 (15.8%) had weekly seizures before surgery. Epilepsy surgery significantly reduced seizure frequency (p = 0.029). Five patients (26.3%) had status epilepticus (SE) before surgery, which disappeared in all but one after surgery (p = 0.046). The number of ASMs did not change between before and after surgery (p = 0.728). CONCLUSION Epilepsy surgery reduced the frequency of epileptic seizures and improved SE even among patients with compromised respiratory function and compromised food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayataka Fujimoto
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan.
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichikawa
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakakura
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan
| | - Shimpei Baba
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan
| | - Keishiro Sato
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Nishimura
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideo Enoki
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alacreu-Crespo A, Olié E, Guillaume S, Girod C, Cazals A, Chaudieu I, Courtet P. Dexamethasone Suppression Test May Predict More Severe/Violent Suicidal Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:97. [PMID: 32194449 PMCID: PMC7065044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies demonstrated that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is dysregulated in suicide attempters. Prospective studies found that people with an abnormal response at the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) are more likely to commit suicide. However, whether DST may predict suicide attempts remains less clear. A possible strategy to address this question is to consider the suicide attempt lethality. OBJECTIVES (1) To compare the pre- and post-DST cortisol levels in serious/violent suicide attempters and in non-serious/non-violent suicide attempters, and (2) to investigate whether cortisol level can predict new suicide attempts or their lethality. METHODS The study included 70 recent suicide attempters (25 with a serious or violent attempt) who were followed for two years. Three saliva samples for cortisol measurement were obtained at 8a.m., 3p.m., and 9p.m. before the DST (pre-DST). Then, at 11 p.m., 1 mg of dexamethasone was given orally. The following day (post-DST), three saliva samples were collected at the same hours as before. The post-DST-pre-DST salivary cortisol Δ index was calculated for each collection time. The Risk-Rescue Ratio Scale (RRRS) and the Suicidal Intent Scale (SIS) were used to characterize the suicide attempt at inclusion and those occurring during the follow-up. RESULTS Post-DST cortisol level at 9 p.m. was higher in patients with an initial violent or serious suicide attempt than in non-violent/non-serious attempters (p < .010). Higher post-DST cortisol at 9p.m. was associated with lower RRRS rescue score and higher clinical impression of suicide severity at inclusion. Among the 66 patients who completed the follow-up, 26 attempted suicide again at least once. Higher pre-DST cortisol at 8a.m. predicted new suicide attempts during the follow-up (OR = 2.15 [1.11, 4.15]), and higher cortisol Δ index at 9p.m. was associated with higher suicide intent during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HPA axis hyper-reactivity monitored with the DST is a marker of violent/serious suicide attempt with lower rescue possibility. Furthermore, higher changes between pre-DST and post-DST cortisol levels may predict higher suicide intent. These findings might help to characterize the biological features of nearest suicide phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Alacreu-Crespo
- PSNREC, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Olié
- PSNREC, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Sebastien Guillaume
- PSNREC, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Chloé Girod
- PSNREC, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Aurélie Cazals
- PSNREC, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- Univ. Montpellier, Inserm, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- PSNREC, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Attilakos A, Dinopoulos A, Paschalidou M, Tsirouda M, Garoufi A. Monitoring of biochemical parameters and coagulation tests in children with epilepsy treated with levetiracetam monotherapy. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:2033-2034. [PMID: 31152218 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Attilakos
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Argirios Dinopoulos
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Paschalidou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsirouda
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Garoufi
- Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cortisol levels and seizures in adults with epilepsy: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:216-229. [PMID: 31129236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stress has been suggested as a trigger factor for seizures in epilepsy patients, but little is known about cortisol levels, as indicators of stress, in adults with epilepsy. This systematic review summarizes the evidence on this topic. Following PRISMA guidelines, 38 articles were selected: 14 analyzing basal cortisol levels, eight examining antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) effects, 13 focused on seizure effects, and three examining stress. Higher basal cortisol levels were found in patients than in healthy people in studies with the most homogeneous samples (45% of 38 total studies). Despite heterogeneous results associated with AEDs, seizures were related to increases in cortisol levels in 77% of 38 total studies. The only study with acute stress administration found higher cortisol reactivity in epilepsy than in healthy controls. In studies using self-reported stress, high seizure frequency was related to increased cortisol levels and lower functional brain connectivity. Findings suggest that epilepsy could be considered a chronic stress model. The potential sensitizing role of accumulative seizures and issues for future research are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Effect of Metformin in Experimentally Induced Animal Models of Epileptic Seizure. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:6234758. [PMID: 30863464 PMCID: PMC6378775 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6234758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is one of the common neurological illnesses which affects millions of individuals globally. Although the majority of epileptic patients have a good response for the currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), about 30-40% of epileptic patients are developing resistance. In addition to low safety profiles of most of existing AEDs, there is no AED available for curative or disease-modifying actions for epilepsy so far. Objectives This systematic review is intended to evaluate the effect of metformin in acute and chronic animal models of an epileptic seizure. Methods We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Sciences Direct, and grey literature in order to explore articles published in English from January 2010 to November 2018, using key terms “epilepsy,” “seizure,” “metformin,” “oral hypoglycemic agents,” and “oral antidiabetic drugs”. The qualities of all the included articles were assessed according to the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES). Results Out of six hundred fifty original articles retrieved, eleven of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included for final qualitative analysis. In these studies, metformin showed to control seizure attacks by attenuating seizure generation, delaying the onset of epilepsy, reducing hippocampal neuronal loss, and averting cognitive impairments in both acute and chronic models of an epileptic seizure. The possible mechanisms for its antiseizure or antiepileptic action might be due to activation of AMPK, antiapoptotic, antineuroinflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which possibly modify disease progression through affecting epileptogenesis. Conclusion This review revealed the benefits of metformin in alleviating symptoms of epileptic seizure and modifying different cellular and molecular changes that affect the natural history of the disease in addition to its good safety profile.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sone R, Matsuba K, Tahara R, Eda N, Kosaki K, Jesmin S, Miyakawa S, Watanabe K. Assessment of Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Elite University Athletes in Japan: Findings From a Cross Sectional Study Design. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:114-120. [PMID: 30701003 PMCID: PMC6340678 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-intensity exercise affects the level of salivary nitric oxide (NO) with an impact on oxidative stress such as a reactive nitrogen-oxide species. However, in athletes with high-intensity training, the relationship between salivary NO levels and oxidative stress is yet to be clear. Additionally, the association of salivary NO levels and the common health disorders of athletes is unknown. Thus, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the relationship between salivary NO levels and oxidative stress, and the health/medical disorders existing in elite class university athletes. Methods In 250 athletes (males, 151 and females, 99) from undergraduate levels of Japanese University, we investigated the relationship between levels of salivary NO and oxidative stress markers: derived reactive oxygen species (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and also examined that whether salivary NO levels are associated with diseases. Results There were no significant association between the levels of salivary NO and oxidative stress markers (such as d-ROM and BAP). From the questionnaire, asthma was the most prevalent as evident from medical history of the athletes. Additionally, the salivary NO levels were higher (520 ± 43 µmol/L vs. 375 ± 13 µmol/L, P < 0.05) in the asthma group (n = 9) than in the non-asthma group (n = 241). We determined the optimal cut-off value (P = 0.019) of the salivary NO levels for asthma was 425 µmol/L, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 61.8% (area under the curve (AUC), 0.73). Conclusions Our results suggest that the high levels of salivary NO in trained university athletes in Japan may potentially predict asthma. And this salivary NO level is not associated with markers of oxidative stress and existing diseases in athletes studied here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sone
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kai Matsuba
- Tsukuba Sports Medicine and Health Science Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Rei Tahara
- Sports Research and Development Core, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Eda
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Keisei Kosaki
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Miyakawa
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Shahri AMP, Samini F. The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818761455. [PMID: 29662431 PMCID: PMC5898665 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818761455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), one of the main components active of Nigella sativa, exhibited very useful biomedical effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and antiasthmatic effects. There are several studies about pharmacological activities of TQ but its neuroprotection effects are not fully described. The literature search has indicated many studies pertaining to the effects of TQ in neurological problems such as epilepsy, parkinsonism, anxiety, and improvement of learning and memory, and so on. In addition, TQ protected brain cells from various injuries due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects in cell line and experimental animal models. The present study has been designed to review the scientific literature about the pharmacological activities of TQ to the neurological diseases. This study purposed that although experimental studies indicated the beneficial effects of TQ against nervous system problems, better designed clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | - Fariborz Samini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mahhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|