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Öztürk Ç, Okcu O, Öztürk SD, Şen B, Öztürk AE, Bedir R. Reporting Hormone Receptor Expression in Breast Carcinomas: Which Method has the Highest Prognostic Power and What Should be the Optimal Cut-off Value? Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241265068. [PMID: 39246023 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241265068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
. Hormone receptor (HR) expression is a critical marker that plays a role in the treatment and management of breast cancer. Even if patients receive hormone treatment with a hormone positivity rate of over 1%, it is controversial at what level of positivity they benefit from treatment and contribute positively to their prognosis. . We retrospectively examined the estrogen receptor (ER) / progesterone receptor (PR) expression status, clinicopathological findings, and survival data of 386 patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer. ER/PR expressions of the patients were evaluated according to Allred, H-score and were also grouped according to staining percentages. Separate cut-off values were determined for each of these evaluation methods, and the prognostic power of these methods was investigated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. . The prognostic power of all methods was found to be similar in terms of predicting survival. According to the staining percentage of the patients, survival was excellent if the ER value was >80% and the PR value was >1%. . All recommended methods for reporting HRs have similar prognostic power. However, in patients with high percentage staining for ER using these methods, the prognosis is excellent. As a result, we predict that if the percentage of ER staining is low, changing the treatment management of patients may be considered clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Öztürk
- Pathology Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Training and Research Hospital, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Oğuzhan Okcu
- Pathology Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Seda Duman Öztürk
- Pathology Department, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Izmit, Türkiye
| | - Bayram Şen
- Biochemistry Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Training and Research Hospital, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Emin Öztürk
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Sciences University, Prof Dr Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Recep Bedir
- Pathology Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Türkiye
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Hadisaputri YE, Soekamto NH, Pudjiastuti P, Aristokrat A, Bahrun B, Abdullah FF, Okino T. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect of Bornetella Nitida Green Algae Isolate on MCF-7 Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2024; 16:555-565. [PMID: 39246675 PMCID: PMC11380869 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s469036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Marine algae are increasingly becoming a potential resource for new drugs. In recent decades, including Bornetella nitida (B. nitida). Meanwhile, antimicrobial and anticancer agents are the first line of choice for developing alternative compounds, considering the annually increasing resistant events. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of B. nitida isolate compounds. Methods The B. nitida resulted in 2 compounds, sitosterol 3β tetracosanoate and (E)-17-(8-ethyl-4,5,9-trimethyldec-6-en-2-yl)-13-methyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol. Both compounds were tested to have antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Proliferation assay was conducted using the PrestoBlue™ Cell Viability Reagent, which was also used to measure the IC50 against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Results The results showed that (E)-17-(8-ethyl-4,5,9-trimethyldec-6-en-2-yl)-13-methyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and IC50 value of 142.18 µg/mL against MCF-7 cells, while sitosterol 3β tetracosanoate does not have any antimicrobial activity and IC50 value of 681.65 µg/mL. Moreover, the mechanism prediction using docking with caspase-3 receptor to induce apoptosis was also evaluated. Conclusion Based on the results, (E)-17-(8-ethyl-4,5,9-trimethyldec-6-en-2-yl)-13-methyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol of B. nitida has great potential as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nunuk Hariani Soekamto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Pratiwi Pudjiastuti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aria Aristokrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Bahrun Bahrun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fajar Fauzi Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Garut, Kabupaten Garut, Indonesia
| | - Tatsufumi Okino
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Linowiecka K, Szpotan J, Godlewska M, Gaweł D, Zarakowska E, Gackowski D, Brożyna AA, Foksiński M. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators' (SERMs) Influence on TET3 Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Lines with Distinct Biological Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8561. [PMID: 39201247 PMCID: PMC11354732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), exhibits dual agonist or antagonist effects contingent upon its binding to either G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) or estrogen nuclear receptor (ESR). Estrogen signaling plays a pivotal role in initiating epigenetic alterations and regulating estrogen-responsive genes in breast cancer. Employing three distinct breast cancer cell lines-MCF-7 (ESR+; GPER+), MDA-MB-231 (ESR-; GPER-), and SkBr3 (ESR-; GPER+)-this study subjected them to treatment with two tamoxifen derivatives: 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) and endoxifen (Endox). Through 2D high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS), varying levels of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) were found, with MCF-7 displaying the highest levels. Furthermore, TET3 mRNA expression levels varied among the cell lines, with MCF-7 exhibiting the lowest expression. Notably, treatment with 4-HT induced significant changes in TET3 expression across all cell lines, with the most pronounced increase seen in MCF-7 and the least in MDA-MB-231. These findings underscore the influence of tamoxifen derivatives on DNA methylation patterns, particularly through modulating TET3 expression, which appears to be contingent on the presence of estrogen receptors. This study highlights the potential of targeting epigenetic modifications for personalized anti-cancer therapy, offering a novel avenue to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Linowiecka
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (J.S.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.Z.); (D.G.)
| | - Justyna Szpotan
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (J.S.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.Z.); (D.G.)
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Ewelina Zarakowska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.Z.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.Z.); (D.G.)
| | - Anna A. Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (J.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Marek Foksiński
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.Z.); (D.G.)
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Wang SC, Wu CH, Fu HC, Ou YC, Tsai CC, Chen YY, Wang YW, Hunag SW, Huang SY, Lan J, Lin H. Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor Expression and Cancer Antigen 125 Level as Preoperative Predictors to Estimate Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2024; 43:316-325. [PMID: 37732995 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Loss of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) in endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes. Elevated pretreatment cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) level is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM). We evaluated whether the combination of ER/PR expression and CA 125 level could be used as a biomarker to predict LNM. We retrospectively investigated patients with endometrioid EC who underwent complete staging surgery during January 2015 to December 2020. We analyzed ER/PR status using immunohistochemical staining, and quantified its expression using the sum of both ER/PR H -scores. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify optimal cutoff values of H -score and CA 125 levels for predicting LNM. A nomogram for predicting LNM was constructed and validated by bootstrap resampling. In 396 patients, the optimal cutoff values of the ER/PR H -score and CA 125 were 407 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.645, P =0.001) and 40 U/mL (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.762, P <0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that CA 125 ≥40 UmL (odds ratio: 10.02; 95% CI: 4.74-21.18) and ER/PR H -score <407 (odds ratio: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.55-11.32) were independent predictors. An LNM predictive nomogram was constructed using these 2 variables and our model yielded a negative predictive value and negative likelihood ratio of 98.3% and 0.14, respectively. ER/PR expression with pretreatment CA 125 levels can help estimate LNM risk and aid in decision-making regarding the need for lymphadenectomy in patients with endometrioid EC.
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Warrier AV, Vg M, R L N, Krishnan N, Kumari P, Ittycheria SS, Srinivas P. Xenoestrogen and Its Interaction with Human Genes and Cellular Proteins: An In-Silico Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:2077-2087. [PMID: 38918670 PMCID: PMC11382847 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.6.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Apart from genetic factors, the sex hormone estrogen plays a pivotal role in breast cancer development. We are exposed to a plethora of estrogen mimics on a daily basis via various routes. Nevertheless, how xenoestrogens, the exogenous estrogen mimics, modulate cancer-associated signaling pathways and interact with specific genes is still underexplored. Hence, this study aims to explore the direct or indirect binding partners of xenoestrogens and their expression upon exposure to these estrogenic compounds. METHODS The collection of genes linked to the xenoestrogens Octylphenol, Nonylphenol, Bisphenol-A, and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane were gathered from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Venny 2.1 was utilized to pinpoint the genes shared by these xenoestrogens. Subsequently, the shared genes underwent Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery bioinformatics resource. A xenoestrogen-protein interaction network was constructed using Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals. The expressions of common genes were studied with the microarray dataset GSE5200 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Also, the expression of a common gene set within different breast cancer subtypes was identified using the University of California, Santa Cruz Xena. RESULTS The genes linked to xenoestrogens were identified, and 13 genes were found to interact with all four xenoestrogens. Through DAVID analysis, the genes chosen are found to be enriched for various functions and pathways, including pathways in cancer, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, and estrogen signaling pathways. The results of the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and the chemical-protein interaction network derived from STITCH were similar. Microarray data analysis showed significantly high expression of all 13 genes in another study, with Bisphenol-A and Nonylphenol treated MCF-7 cells, most of the genes are expressed in luminal A or basal breast cancer subtype. CONCLUSION In summary, the genes associated with the four xenoestrogens were mostly linked to pathways related to tumorigenesis, and the expression of these genes was found to be higher in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathy V Warrier
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Manasa Vg
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Neetha R L
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Neethu Krishnan
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Prianka Kumari
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shreya Sara Ittycheria
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program 6, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Loggie J, Barnes PJ, Carter MD, Rayson D, Bethune GC. Is Oncotype DX testing informative for breast cancers with low ER expression? A retrospective review from a biomarker testing referral center. Breast 2024; 75:103715. [PMID: 38520994 PMCID: PMC10973721 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2024.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It remains unclear whether patients with HER2-negative, low-estrogen receptor (ER-low)-positive early breast cancer (BC) benefit from Oncotype DX® (ODX) testing. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of cases referred for ODX testing over a seven-year period from a breast biomarker testing referral center (n = 854). For each case, we recorded the ODX Recurrence Score (RS) along with percentage of ER nuclear positivity and staining intensity on immunohistochemistry. Our criteria for ER-low was defined as ≤10% cells with nuclear positivity and/or weak intensity of staining. Slides from all ER-low cases were reviewed and the reported ODX ER gene scores were recorded. We randomly selected a comparator group of 56 patients with ER > 10% positivity and non-weak staining intensity (ER-high). RESULTS We identified 27 cases (3.2%) that met our criteria for ER-low. Of these, 92.6% had a high RS (>25), and 7.4% had a RS of 25. All cases with ≤10% ER nuclear positivity had a high RS. Most ER-low cases (85.2%) had ODX quantitative ER gene scores in the negative range, whereas all (100%) ER-high cases had positive ER gene scores. CONCLUSION ODX does not appear to add significant additional information to inform treatment decisions for most patients with ER-low BC. Incorporating weak ER staining intensity in addition to low percentage of nuclear positivity identifies about twice as many ER-low patients, although with reduced specificity for high RS. Our study supports the contention that most ER-low early BC should be regarded similarly to ER-negative BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Loggie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada
| | - Penelope J Barnes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada
| | - Michael D Carter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada
| | - Daniel Rayson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, QEII-Bethune Building, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Gillian C Bethune
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada.
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Ruiz F, Tjendra Y, Millan N, Gomez-Fernandez C, Pinto A. Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type 1 Immunohistochemical Expression in Carcinomas of Gynecologic Origin. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:546-550. [PMID: 38357982 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) is a new reportedly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for carcinomas of breast origin, including triple-negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2) tumors. In our practice, we have observed a subset of cases of nonmammary carcinomas that are positive for TRPS1, with higher frequency in cytology effusion samples with metastatic gynecologic malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of TRPS1 in a large tissue cohort of Müllerian carcinomas. We retrospectively retrieved 105 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gynecologic tumors from our surgical pathology archives. Cases corresponded to tumors of tubo-ovarian (17 high-grade serous carcinomas, 3 low-grade serous carcinomas, 2 clear cell carcinomas, and 8 endometrioid adenocarcinomas), endometrial (25 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 8 serous carcinomas, 6 clear cell carcinomas, 12 carcinosarcomas, 1 dedifferentiated carcinoma, and 1 mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma), cervical (6 human papillomavirus [HPV]-associated squamous cell carcinomas [SCCs], 11 HPV-associated endocervical adenocarcinomas, and 2 HPV-independent gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinomas), and vulvar (2 HPV-independent SCCs and 1 HPV-associated SCC) origins. Immunohistochemistry for TRPS1 was performed in whole tissue sections and assessed for positivity (≥5% of nuclear labeling), distribution (focal: 5% to 49%, diffuse: 50% to 100%), and intensity (1+, 2+, 3+) in tumor cells. Positive TRPS1 staining was observed in 51.4% (54/105) of cases. Most tumors (64.8%) demonstrated diffuse labeling, while focal in 35.2%. Among positive cases, the intensity was predominantly 1+ (57.4%), followed by 2+ (33.3%) and 3+ (9.2%). Tumors with a high percentage of positivity overall consisted of tubo-ovarian (70%) and endometrial carcinomas (58.4%). TRPS1 immunostain is often expressed in gynecologic carcinomas. Awareness of this phenomenon is crucial when evaluating challenging cases in which the differential diagnosis includes a malignancy of breast origin, to avoid misclassification of the primary site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ruiz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Lubachowski M, VanGenderen C, Valentine S, Belak Z, Davies GF, Arnason TG, Harkness TAA. Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Restores Impaired Mitotic Progression and Chemosensitivity in Multiple Drug-Resistant Human Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1755. [PMID: 38730707 PMCID: PMC11083742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) cancer all too often signals the need for toxic alternative therapy or palliative care. Our recent in vivo and in vitro studies using canine MDR lymphoma cancer cells demonstrate that the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is impaired in MDR cells compared to normal canine control and drug-sensitive cancer cells. Here, we sought to establish whether this phenomena is a generalizable mechanism independent of species, malignancy type, or chemotherapy regime. To test the association of blunted APC activity with MDR cancer behavior, we used matched parental and MDR MCF7 human breast cancer cells, and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of human triple-negative breast cancer. We show that APC activating mechanisms, such as APC subunit 1 (APC1) phosphorylation and CDC27/CDC20 protein associations, are reduced in MCF7 MDR cells when compared to chemo-sensitive matched cell lines. Consistent with impaired APC function in MDR cells, APC substrate proteins failed to be effectively degraded. Similar to our previous observations in canine MDR lymphoma cells, chemical activation of the APC using Mad2 Inhibitor-1 (M2I-1) in MCF7 MDR cells enhanced APC substrate degradation and resensitized MDR cells in vitro to the cytotoxic effects of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DOX). Using cell cycle arrest/release experiments, we show that mitosis is delayed in MDR cells with elevated substrate levels. When pretreated with M2I-1, MDR cells progress through mitosis at a faster rate that coincides with reduced levels of APC substrates. In our PDX model, mice growing a clinically MDR human triple-negative breast cancer tumor show significantly reduced tumor growth when treated with M2I-1, with evidence of increased DNA damage and apoptosis. Thus, our results strongly support the hypothesis that APC impairment is a driver of aggressive tumor development and that targeting the APC for activation has the potential for meaningful clinical benefits in treating recurrent cases of MDR malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lubachowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Cordell VanGenderen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Sarah Valentine
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Zach Belak
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Gerald Floyd Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Terra Gayle Arnason
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Troy Anthony Alan Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- 320 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, 11207-87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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Robert S, Roman Ortiz NI, LaRocca CJ, Ostrander JH, Davydova J. Oncolytic Adenovirus for the Targeting of Paclitaxel-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:567. [PMID: 38675909 PMCID: PMC11054319 DOI: 10.3390/v16040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant systemic therapies effectively reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis, but therapy resistance can develop in some patients due to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) represents a promising therapeutic approach as it can specifically target cancer cells. However, its potential to target BCSCs remains unclear. Here, we evaluated a Cox-2 promoter-controlled, Ad5/3 fiber-modified OAd designed to encode the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) in breast cancer models. To confirm the potential of OAds to target BCSCs, we employed BCSC-enriched estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) paclitaxel-resistant (TaxR) cells and tumorsphere assays. OAd-hNIS demonstrated significantly enhanced binding and superior oncolysis in breast cancer cells, including ER+ cells, while exhibiting no activity in normal mammary epithelial cells. We observed improved NIS expression as the result of adenovirus death protein deletion. OAd-hNIS demonstrated efficacy in targeting TaxR BCSCs, exhibiting superior killing and hNIS expression compared to the parental cells. Our vector was capable of inhibiting tumorsphere formation upon early infection and reversing paclitaxel resistance in TaxR cells. Importantly, OAd-hNIS also destroyed already formed tumorspheres seven days after their initiation. Overall, our findings highlight the promise of OAd-hNIS as a potential tool for studying and targeting ER+ breast cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Robert
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | | | - Christopher J. LaRocca
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Julie Hanson Ostrander
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julia Davydova
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Amar ID, Franceschini G, Nero C, Pasqua I, Paris I, Orlandi A, Gori S, Fabi A, Garganese G, Scambia G, Villa P. Preventing Bone Loss in Breast Cancer Patients: Designing a Personalized Clinical Pathway in a Large-Volume Research Hospital. J Pers Med 2024; 14:371. [PMID: 38672998 PMCID: PMC11051440 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assess the impact of bone health clinical management in breast cancer (BC) patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy and design a personalized clinical pathway to reduce bone loss in an Italian research hospital. METHODS The primary endpoint was to assess (through the process improvement organizational method) the clinical pathway that post-surgical BC patients prescribed with endocrine therapy undergo to prevent bone loss. The secondary endpoint was to design a personalized clinical pathway for a prompt implementation of guidelines, to assess and possibly prescribe antiresorptive therapy. RESULTS During the first year of the execution of the new Diagnostic Therapeutic Assistance Pathway, a 60% increase in Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry evaluations within 30 days and a 39.5% increase in antiresorptive therapy prescription within 90 days (since the prescription of endocrine therapy) were shown, thus increasing patients' compliance. CONCLUSION Case managers and bone health specialists in this context can improve patients' adherence to therapies and bone health, helping physicians to expand their collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Dona Amar
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (I.P.); (I.P.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Onco-Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Nero
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (I.P.); (I.P.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (P.V.)
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Pasqua
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (I.P.); (I.P.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Ida Paris
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (I.P.); (I.P.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Armando Orlandi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Abdominal and Endocrine Metabolic Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Gori
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore “Don Calabria”, 37024 Negrar, Italy;
- Rete Oncologica Pazienti Italia (ROPI), 20121 Milan, Italy
- Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica (AIOM), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica (AIOM), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Garganese
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (I.P.); (I.P.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (I.P.); (I.P.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (P.V.)
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Villa
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (I.P.); (I.P.); (G.G.); (G.S.); (P.V.)
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11
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Rapčan B, Fančović M, Pribić T, Kirac I, Gaće M, Vučković F, Lauc G. Anastrozole and Tamoxifen Impact on IgG Glycome Composition Dynamics in Luminal A and Luminal B Breast Cancers. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38390870 PMCID: PMC10885039 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the intricate relationship between protein glycosylation dynamics and therapeutic responses in Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancer subtypes, focusing on anastrozole and tamoxifen impacts. The present methods inadequately monitor and forecast patient reactions to these treatments, leaving individuals vulnerable to the potential adverse effects of these medications. This research investigated glycan structural changes by following patients for up to 9 months. The protocol involved a series of automated steps including IgG isolation, protein denaturation, glycan labelling, purification, and final analysis using capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. The results suggested the significant role of glycan modifications in breast cancer progression, revealing distinctive trends in how anastrozole and tamoxifen elicit varied responses. The findings indicate anastrozole's association with reduced sialylation and increased core fucosylation, while tamoxifen correlated with increased sialylation and decreased core fucosylation. These observations suggest potential immunomodulatory effects: anastrozole possibly reducing inflammation and tamoxifen impacting immune-mediated cytotoxicity. This study strongly emphasizes the importance of considering specific glycan traits to comprehend the dynamic mechanisms driving breast cancer progression and the effects of targeted therapies. The nuanced differences observed in glycan modifications between these two treatments underscore the necessity for further comprehensive research aimed at thoroughly evaluating the long-term implications and therapeutic efficacy for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Rapčan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matko Fančović
- Genos Ltd., Borongajska Cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Pribić
- Genos Ltd., Borongajska Cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Kirac
- Genetic Counselling Unit, University Hospital for Tumours, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Ilica 197, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Gaće
- Genetic Counselling Unit, University Hospital for Tumours, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Ilica 197, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frano Vučković
- Genos Ltd., Borongajska Cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Ltd., Borongajska Cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Wu KY, Hayford KM, Spinner RJ. In search of zebras: Critical analysis of the rarity of perineural breast cancer spread to the brachial plexus in men. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 88:231-234. [PMID: 37992580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perineural spread (PNS) of breast cancer to the brachial plexus is rare, with reports limited to cases only in female patients. This study aimed to determine the incidence of PNS in male compared with female patients. METHODS Adult breast cancer patients referred to a single institution between 1994 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed for imaging or biopsy-confirmed cases of PNS to the brachial plexus. Two independent reviewers of articles published in any language between 1990 and 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar performed a systematic literature review. RESULTS Of the 10,466 patients with breast cancer (10,355 female, 111 male) referred to a single institution, there were 42 female patients with PNS to the brachial plexus for an estimated incidence of 0.4%. In the same time period, there were 111 male patients treated for breast cancer, including 88 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS); however, there were no cases of male patients with PNS. A systematic review of the world's literature did not identify male patients with PNS to the brachial plexus. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of any reported cases of PNS of breast cancer to the brachial plexus in men or patients with KS, who have a much higher incidence of breast cancer. This may reflect either the compounding rarity of these two events or point toward a distinct hormonally-driven link between breast cancer and PNS, highlighted by the disparity in PNS incidence in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Y Wu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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Post KE, Ahmad Z, Jankauskaite G, Centracchio J, Oswald L, Horick N, Park ER, Temel JS, Greer JA, Jacobs J. Managing Symptom Distress: Key Factors for Patients on Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2024; 67:88-97. [PMID: 37816436 PMCID: PMC10842924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with breast cancer taking adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) experience significant symptoms impacting mood, quality of life (QOL), and AET adherence and satisfaction. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which coping ability and self-efficacy for symptom management moderate the relationships between patients' symptom distress and their mood, QOL, and AET adherence and satisfaction. METHODS As part of a randomized controlled trial, participants completed baseline measures including: sociodemographics, symptom distress (breast cancer prevention trial symptom checklist), coping skills (measure of current status), self-efficacy (self-efficacy for managing symptoms), anxiety and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale), QOL (functional assessment of cancer therapy - general), AET adherence (medication adherence report scale), and AET satisfaction (cancer therapy satisfaction questionnaire). We conducted moderated regression analyses to examine whether coping and self-efficacy moderated the associations of symptom distress with baseline measures. RESULTS Coping skills moderated the associations of symptom distress with depression and QOL. Among those with lower coping, higher symptom distress was associated with worse depression symptoms (p=.04) and worse QOL (p < 0.001). Self-efficacy moderated the associations of symptom distress with depression symptoms and AET adherence and satisfaction. Among those with higher self-efficacy, higher symptom distress was associated with worse depression symptoms (p < 0.001), worse AET adherence (p < 0.001), and less AET satisfaction (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Coping skills may buffer the effect of AET symptom distress. Findings indicate the relationship between symptom distress and self-efficacy is more nuanced and requires further research to better understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Post
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Zeba Ahmad
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Greta Jankauskaite
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joely Centracchio
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Oswald
- Moffitt Cancer Center (O.L.), Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nora Horick
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elyse R Park
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer S Temel
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph A Greer
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie Jacobs
- Massachusetts General Hospital (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., C.J., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School (P.K.E., A.Z., J.G., H.N., P.E.R., T.J.S., G.J.A., J.J.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Montazeri Aliabadi H, Manda A, Sidgal R, Chung C. Targeting Breast Cancer: The Familiar, the Emerging, and the Uncharted Territories. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1306. [PMID: 37759706 PMCID: PMC10526846 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer became the most diagnosed cancer in the world in 2020. Chemotherapy is still the leading clinical strategy in breast cancer treatment, followed by hormone therapy (mostly used in hormone receptor-positive types). However, with our ever-expanding knowledge of signaling pathways in cancer biology, new molecular targets are identified for potential novel molecularly targeted drugs in breast cancer treatment. While this has resulted in the approval of a few molecularly targeted drugs by the FDA (including drugs targeting immune checkpoints), a wide array of signaling pathways seem to be still underexplored. Also, while combinatorial treatments have become common practice in clinics, the majority of these approaches seem to combine molecularly targeted drugs with chemotherapeutic agents. In this manuscript, we start by analyzing the list of FDA-approved molecularly targeted drugs for breast cancer to evaluate where molecular targeting stands in breast cancer treatment today. We will then provide an overview of other options currently under clinical trial or being investigated in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
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15
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Corsaro L, Gambino VS. Notch, SUMOylation, and ESR-Mediated Signalling Are the Main Molecular Pathways Showing Significantly Different Epimutation Scores between Expressing or Not Oestrogen Receptor Breast Cancer in Three Public EWAS Datasets. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4109. [PMID: 37627137 PMCID: PMC10452656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor expression in breast cancer (BC) cells is a marker of high cellular differentiation and allows the identification of two BC groups (ER-positive and ER-negative) that, although not completely homogeneous, differ in biological characteristics, clinical behaviour, and therapeutic options. The study, based on three publicly available EWAS (Epigenetic Wide Association Study) datasets, focuses on the comparison between these two groups of breast cancer using an epimutation score. The score is calculated not only based on the presence of the epimutation, but also on the deviation amplitude of the methylation outlier value. For each dataset, we performed a functional analysis based first on the functional gene region of each annotated gene (we aggregated the data per gene region TSS1500, TSS200, first-exon, and body-gene identified by the information from the Illumina Data Sheet), and then, we performed a pathway enrichment analysis through the REACTOME database based on the genes with the highest epimutation score. Thus, we blended our results and found common pathways for all three datasets. We found that a higher and significant epimutation score due to hypermethylation in ER-positive BC is present in the promoter region of the genes belonging to the SUMOylation pathway, the Notch pathway, the IFN-γ signalling pathway, and the deubiquitination protease pathway, while a higher and significant level of epimutation due to hypomethylation in ER-positive BC is present in the promoter region of the genes belonging to the ESR-mediated pathway. The presence of this state of promoter hypomethylation in the ESR-mediated signalling genes is consistent and coherent with an active signalling pathway mediated by oestrogen function in the group of ER-positive BC. The SUMOylation and Notch pathways are associated with BC pathogenesis and have been found to play distinct roles in the two BC subgroups. We speculated that the altered methylation profile may play a role in regulating signalling pathways with specific functions in the two subgroups of ER BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Corsaro
- Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Università di Pavia, 20100 Milan, Italy
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16
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Halim F, Azhar Y, Suwarman S, Wahjoepramono EJ, Hernowo B. Positive p53 Expression Is Associated with Primary Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Locally Advanced Stage Luminal B HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111838. [PMID: 37296690 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminal B HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) is the most common type in Indonesian BC patients, and frequently manifests with locally advanced staging. Recurrence often occurs within two years of the endocrine therapy course (primary endocrine therapy (ET) resistance). p53 mutation often exists in luminal B HER2-negative BC, but its application as an ET resistance predictor in those populations is still limited. The primary purpose of this research is to evaluate p53 expression and its association with primary ET resistance in luminal B HER2-negative BC. This cross-sectional study compiled 67 luminal B HER2-negative patients' clinical data during their pre-treatment period until they completed a two-year course of endocrine therapy. They were divided into two groups: 29 patients with primary ET resistance and 38 without primary ET resistance. Pre-treatment paraffin blocks from each patient were retrieved, and the p53 expression difference between the two groups was analyzed. Positive p53 expression was significantly higher in patients with primary ET resistance [odds ratio (OR) of 11.78 (95% CI: 3.72-37.37, p-value < 0.0001)]. We conclude that p53 expression could be a beneficial marker for primary ET resistance in locally advanced luminal B HER2-negative BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda Halim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang 15811, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Yohana Azhar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, Head and Neck Division, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Suwarman Suwarman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Eka Julianta Wahjoepramono
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang 15811, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Bethy Hernowo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
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Xuan DTM, Wu CC, Wang WJ, Hsu HP, Ta HDK, Anuraga G, Chiao CC, Wang CY. Glutamine synthetase regulates the immune microenvironment and cancer development through the inflammatory pathway. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:35-49. [PMID: 36619229 PMCID: PMC9812810 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.75625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is beneficial to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients, a significant number of patients still develop metastasis or undergo recurrence. Therefore, identifying novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for these patients is urgently needed. Predictive markers and therapeutic strategies for tamoxifen-resistant ER+ breast cancer are not clear, and micro (mi)RNAs have recently become a focal research point in cancer studies owing to their regulation of gene expressions, metabolism, and many other physiological processes. Therefore, systematic investigation is required to understand the modulation of gene expression in tamoxifen-resistant patients. High-throughput technology uses a holistic approach to observe differences among expression profiles of thousands of genes, which provides a comprehensive level to extensively investigate functional genomics and biological processes. Through a bioinformatics analysis, we revealed that glutamine synthetase/glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) might play essential roles in the recurrence of tamoxifen-resistant ER+ patients. GLUL increases intracellular glutamine usage via glutaminolysis, and further active metabolism-related downstream molecules in cancer cell. However, how GLUL regulates the tumor microenvironment for tamoxifen-resistant ER+ breast cancer remains unexplored. Analysis of MetaCore pathway database demonstrated that GLUL is involved in the cell cycle, immune response, interleukin (IL)-4-induced regulators of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism-related pathways. Experimental data also confirmed that the knockdown of GLUL in breast cancer cell lines decreased cell proliferation and influenced expressions of specific downstream molecules. Through a Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis, we revealed that certain drugs/molecules, including omeprazole, methacholine chloride, ioversol, fulvestrant, difenidol, cycloserine, and MK-801, may serve as potential treatments for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer patients. These drugs may be tested in combination with current therapies in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer patients. Collectively, our study demonstrated the crucial roles of GLUL, which provide new targets for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Thi Minh Xuan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40676, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Ta
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, PGRI Adi Buana University, East Java, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia
| | - Chung-Chieh Chiao
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Reinert T, Cascelli F, de Resende CAA, Gonçalves AC, Godo VSP, Barrios CH. Clinical implication of low estrogen receptor (ER-low) expression in breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1015388. [PMID: 36506043 PMCID: PMC9729538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the estrogen receptor (ER) remains the most important biomarker in breast oncology. Most guidelines set a positive expression threshold of 1% staining in immunohistochemistry (IHC) to define ER positivity. However, different expression levels may be associated with diverse degrees of sensitivity to endocrine therapy as ER expression may impact breast cancer molecular biology as a continuous variable. ER-lo tumors, defined as those with 1-10% ER expression, represent a relatively small subgroup of breast cancer patients, with an estimated prevalence of 2-7%. These tumors are similar to ERneg disease in their molecular landscape, clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and response to therapy. Nevertheless, a proportion may retain some degree of ER signaling dependency, and the possibility of responding to some degree to endocrine therapy cannot be completely ruled out. This review article discusses the most important considerations regarding the definition of ER positivity, pathology assessment, prognosis, and therapeutic implication of ERlo breast cancer from the medical oncology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Reinert
- Breast Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Breast Cancer Group, Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fanny Cascelli
- Breast Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Henrique Barrios
- Breast Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Breast Cancer Group, Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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GRHL2 Enhances Phosphorylated Estrogen Receptor (ER) Chromatin Binding and Regulates ER-Mediated Transcriptional Activation and Repression. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0019122. [PMID: 36036613 PMCID: PMC9584124 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00191-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α (ER) at serine 118 (pS118-ER) is induced by estrogen and is the most abundant posttranslational mark associated with a transcriptionally active receptor. Cistromic analysis of pS118-ER from our group revealed enrichment of the GRHL2 motif near pS118-ER binding sites. In this study, we used cistromic and transcriptomic analyses to interrogate the relationship between GRHL2 and pS118-ER. We found that GRHL2 is bound to chromatin at pS118-ER/GRHL2 co-occupancy sites prior to ligand treatment, and GRHL2 binding is required for maximal pS118-ER recruitment. pS118-ER/GRHL2 co-occupancy sites were enriched at active enhancers marked by H3K27ac and H3K4me1, along with FOXA1 and p300, compared to sites where each factor binds independently. Transcriptomic analysis yielded four subsets of ER/GRHL2-coregulated genes revealing that GRHL2 can both enhance and antagonize E2-mediated ER transcriptional activity. Gene ontology analysis indicated that coregulated genes are involved in cell migration. Accordingly, knockdown of GRHL2, combined with estrogen treatment, resulted in increased cell migration but no change in proliferation. These results support a model in which GRHL2 binds to selected enhancers and facilitates pS118-ER recruitment to chromatin, which then results in differential activation and repression of genes that control estrogen-regulated ER-positive breast cancer cell migration.
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Chaput G, Sumar N. Endocrine therapies for breast and prostate cancers: Essentials for primary care. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2022; 68:271-276. [PMID: 35418393 PMCID: PMC9007137 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6804271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Chaput
- Assistant Professor at McGill University in Montreal, Que, an attending physician in the departments of family medicine and secondary care and oncology at the McGill University Health Centre, and Medical Director of the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Palliative Care Residence in Hudson, Que
| | - Nureen Sumar
- Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Calgary in Alberta, a faculty member in the Department of Haematology-Oncology at Aga Khan University in Nairobi, Kenya, and Clinical Associate at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre in Calgary
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Chaput G, Sumar N. Thérapies endocriniennes contre les cancers du sein et de la prostate: Éléments essentiels en première ligne. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2022; 68:e120-e126. [PMID: 35418402 PMCID: PMC9007135 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6804e120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Chaput
- Professeure adjointe à l'Université McGill à Montréal (Québec), médecin traitante aux départements de médecine de famille, de soins secondaires et d'oncologie au Centre universitaire de santé McGill, et directrice médicale de la Maison de soins palliatifs de Vaudreuil-Soulanges à Hudson (Québec)
| | - Nureen Sumar
- Professeure clinique adjointe au département de médecine de famille à l'Université de Calgary (Alberta), membre du corps professoral au département d'hématologie-oncologie à l'Université Aga Khan à Nairobi (Kenya), et adjointe clinique au Tom Baker Cancer Centre à Calgary
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Tănăsescu C, Serban D, Moisin A, Popa C, Coca R, Iancu G, Tudosie MS, Costea DO, Socea B, Tudor C, Gangura GA, Tribus LC, Smarandache GC. Impact of modern personalized treatment of breast cancer on surgical attitude and outcomes. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:57. [PMID: 34917183 PMCID: PMC8630438 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal treatment of breast cancer has made steady progress in recent years. The involvement of modern oncology, diagnostic imaging techniques and surgical treatment, have brought a definite benefit to patients, defining the multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer. The introduction of immunohistochemical testing and genetic screening has led to the prioritization of therapy according to their results and a correct approach to initiating treatment. The main aim of the present study was to conduct a comparative analysis through a retrospective study of the therapeutic means used in breast cancer with the statistical evaluation of the obtained results. To carry out the study, a group of 125 patients hospitalized during the period January 2015 to December 2020, were included, and the parameters were selected from the observation sheets. The results of the study demonstrated the superiority of multimodal treatment of breast cancer over surgical treatment as the only therapeutic management. The introduction of ultrasound-guided biopsies and conservative surgical options has led to increased diagnostic accuracy and a significant improvement in aesthetic outcome. The multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer allows an individualized treatment by performing immunohistochemical testing and through the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment combined with conservative surgical techniques with a more favorable cosmetic and oncological result, with reduced postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tănăsescu
- Surgical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Lucian Blaga’ University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Sibiu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Dragos Serban
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- IVth Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Moisin
- Department of Surgery, Sibiu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Carmen Popa
- Department of Surgery, Sibiu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Ramona Coca
- Surgical Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Lucian Blaga’ University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Sibiu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - George Iancu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Filantropia’ Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty Of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail Silviu Tudosie
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty Of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- ICU II Toxicology, Clinical Emergency Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Ovidiu Costea
- Department of Clinical Surgical Disciplines I, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- First Surgery Department, Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Bogdan Socea
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Surgery, ‘Sf. Pantelimon’ Emergency Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Tudor
- IVth Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Andrei Gangura
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Second Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Carina Tribus
- Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Catalin Smarandache
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- IVth Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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