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Wolde T, Bhardwaj V, Reyad-ul-Ferdous M, Qin P, Pandey V. The Integrated Bioinformatic Approach Reveals the Prognostic Significance of LRP1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7996. [PMID: 39063239 PMCID: PMC11276689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A hyperactive tumour microenvironment (TME) drives unrestricted cancer cell survival, drug resistance, and metastasis in ovarian carcinoma (OC). However, therapeutic targets within the TME for OC remain elusive, and efficient methods to quantify TME activity are still limited. Herein, we employed an integrated bioinformatics approach to determine which immune-related genes (IRGs) modulate the TME and further assess their potential theragnostic (therapeutic + diagnostic) significance in OC progression. Using a robust approach, we developed a predictive risk model to retrospectively examine the clinicopathological parameters of OC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The validity of the prognostic model was confirmed with data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. Our approach identified nine IRGs, AKT2, FGF7, FOS, IL27RA, LRP1, OBP2A, PAEP, PDGFRA, and PI3, that form a prognostic model in OC progression, distinguishing patients with significantly better clinical outcomes in the low-risk group. We validated this model as an independent prognostic indicator and demonstrated enhanced prognostic significance when used alongside clinical nomograms for accurate prediction. Elevated LRP1 expression, which indicates poor prognosis in bladder cancer (BLCA), OC, low-grade gliomas (LGG), and glioblastoma (GBM), was also associated with immune infiltration in several other cancers. Significant correlations with immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) highlight the potential importance of LRP1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis highlighted LRP1's involvement in metabolism-related pathways, supporting its prognostic and therapeutic relevance also in BLCA, OC, low-grade gliomas (LGG), GBM, kidney cancer, OC, BLCA, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and stomach and oesophageal carcinoma (STES). Our study has generated a novel signature of nine IRGs within the TME across cancers, that could serve as potential prognostic predictors and provide a valuable resource to improve the prognosis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Wolde
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (T.W.); (M.R.-u.-F.)
| | - Vipul Bhardwaj
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Md. Reyad-ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (T.W.); (M.R.-u.-F.)
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (T.W.); (M.R.-u.-F.)
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (T.W.); (M.R.-u.-F.)
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
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Senturk Kirmizitas T, van den Berg C, Boers R, Helmijr J, Makrodimitris S, Dag HH, Kerkhofs M, Beaufort C, Kraan J, van IJcken WFJ, Gribnau J, Garkhail P, Boer GND, Roes EM, van Beekhuizen H, Gunel T, Wilting S, Martens J, Jansen M, Boere I. Epigenetic and Genomic Hallmarks of PARP-Inhibitor Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:750. [PMID: 38927686 PMCID: PMC11203368 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) receive treatment with a poly-ADP ribose-polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) as maintenance therapy after surgery and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, many patients experience disease progression because of acquired therapy resistance. This study aims to characterize epigenetic and genomic changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) associated with PARPi resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood was taken from 31 EOC patients receiving PARPi therapy before treatment and at disease progression during/after treatment. Resistance was defined as disease progression within 6 months after starting PARPi and was seen in fifteen patients, while sixteen patients responded for 6 to 42 months. Blood cfDNA was evaluated via Modified Fast Aneuploidy Screening Test-Sequencing System (mFast-SeqS to detect aneuploidy, via Methylated DNA Sequencing (MeD-seq) to find differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and via shallow whole-genome and -exome sequencing (shWGS, exome-seq) to define tumor fractions and mutational signatures. RESULTS Aneuploid cfDNA was undetectable pre-treatment but observed in six patients post-treatment, in five resistant and one responding patient. Post-treatment ichorCNA analyses demonstrated in shWGS and exome-seq higher median tumor fractions in resistant (7% and 9%) than in sensitive patients (7% and 5%). SigMiner analyses detected predominantly mutational signatures linked to mismatch repair and chemotherapy. DeSeq2 analyses of MeD-seq data revealed three methylation signatures and more tumor-specific DMRs in resistant than in responding patients in both pre- and post-treatment samples (274 vs. 30 DMRs, 190 vs. 57 DMRs, Χ2-test p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our genome-wide Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses in PARPi-resistant patients identified epigenetic differences in blood before treatment, whereas genomic alterations were more frequently observed after progression. The epigenetic differences at baseline are especially interesting for further exploration as putative predictive biomarkers for PARPi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Senturk Kirmizitas
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Caroline van den Berg
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gynecological Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.d.B.); (P.G.); (G.N.-d.B.); (E.-M.R.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Ruben Boers
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Jean Helmijr
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Stavros Makrodimitris
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Hamit Harun Dag
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Marijn Kerkhofs
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Corine Beaufort
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Jaco Kraan
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Wilfred F. J. van IJcken
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center of Biomics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost Gribnau
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Pakriti Garkhail
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gynecological Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.d.B.); (P.G.); (G.N.-d.B.); (E.-M.R.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Gatske Nieuwenhuyzen-de Boer
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gynecological Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.d.B.); (P.G.); (G.N.-d.B.); (E.-M.R.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Eva-Maria Roes
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gynecological Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.d.B.); (P.G.); (G.N.-d.B.); (E.-M.R.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Heleen van Beekhuizen
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gynecological Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.d.B.); (P.G.); (G.N.-d.B.); (E.-M.R.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Tuba Gunel
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey;
| | - Saskia Wilting
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - John Martens
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Maurice Jansen
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Ingrid Boere
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.K.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (H.H.D.); (M.K.); (C.B.); (J.K.); (S.W.); (J.M.); (I.B.)
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Callaway CS, Mouchantat LM, Bitler BG, Bonetto A. Mechanisms of Ovarian Cancer-Associated Cachexia. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad176. [PMID: 37980602 PMCID: PMC10699881 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia occurs in 50% to 80% of cancer patients and is responsible for 20% to 30% of cancer-related deaths. Cachexia limits survival and treatment outcomes, and is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality during cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women, and recent studies have begun to highlight the prevalence and clinical impact of cachexia in this population. Here, we review the existing understanding of cachexia pathophysiology and summarize relevant studies assessing ovarian cancer-associated cachexia in clinical and preclinical studies. In clinical studies, there is increased evidence that reduced skeletal muscle mass and quality associate with worse outcomes in subjects with ovarian cancer. Mouse models of ovarian cancer display cachexia, often characterized by muscle and fat wasting alongside inflammation, although they remain underexplored relative to other cachexia-associated cancer types. Certain soluble factors have been identified and successfully targeted in these models, providing novel therapeutic targets for mitigating cachexia during ovarian cancer. However, given the relatively low number of studies, the translational relevance of these findings is yet to be determined and requires more research. Overall, our current understanding of ovarian cancer-associated cachexia is insufficient and this review highlights the need for future research specifically aimed at exploring mechanisms of ovarian cancer-associated cachexia by using unbiased approaches and animal models representative of the clinical landscape of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler S Callaway
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lila M Mouchantat
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Solati A, Thvimi S, Khatami SH, Shabaninejad Z, Malekzadegan Y, Alizadeh M, Mousavi P, Taheri-Anganeh M, Razmjoue D, Bahmyari S, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Vafadar A, Soltani Fard E, Ghasemi H, Movahedpour A. Non-coding RNAs in gynecologic cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117618. [PMID: 38375624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The term "gynecologic cancer" pertains to neoplasms impacting the reproductive tissues and organs of women encompassing the endometrium, vagina, cervix, uterus, vulva, and ovaries. The progression of gynecologic cancer is linked to various molecular mechanisms. Historically, cancer research primarily focused on protein-coding genes. However, recent years have unveiled the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), and circular RNAs, in modulating cellular functions within gynecological cancer. Substantial evidence suggests that ncRNAs may wield a dual role in gynecological cancer, acting as either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive agents. Numerous clinical trials are presently investigating the roles of ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. These endeavors may introduce a fresh perspective on the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancer. In this overview, we highlight some of the ncRNAs associated with gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Solati
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Thvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Alizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Damoun Razmjoue
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Bahmyari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hojat Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asma Vafadar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Hayashi T, Sano K, Konishi I. Histopathological Findings of Ectopic Pregnancy in Contraceptive-Wearing Woman. J Clin Med Res 2023; 15:384-389. [PMID: 37575351 PMCID: PMC10416193 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal pregnancy, the egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube. It later moves into the uterus, where it implants into the uterine endometrium. Therefore, implantation of the fertilized egg into the endometrium is not observed in many women using contraceptives. However, if the fallopian tubes are diseased or abnormal, the fertilized egg cannot travel to the endometrium. Thus, the fertilized egg is implanted in tissues other than the uterus, resulting in an ectopic pregnancy. In most cases of ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg is implanted into the left or right fallopian tube or in tissues other than the fallopian tubes such as the ovary. With laparoscopic surgery, the scars are small, and the pain and physical burden are also much lesser than those with open surgery; thus, the patient can be rehabilitated immediately. Laparoscopic surgery is preferred for the termination of ectopic pregnancies because the patients recovered quickly physically after surgery and can be discharged in a short period. This paper presents our experience in treating a 37-year-old woman who had a tubal pregnancy despite using a contraceptive. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a gestational sac within the right fallopian tube. Laparoscopic surgery was performed to resect the right fallopian tube. Pathological examination suggested that the ectopic pregnancy occurred at the organogenesis stage 9 weeks after fertilization. The pathological findings revealed subpopulations of cells from the ectoderm that were separated from other cells and more specifically formed spinal and ovarian structures. The implantation of the fertilized egg into the endometrium is not observed in many women using contraceptives. However, in rare cases, ectopic pregnancy occurs in women using contraceptives; thus, caution is necessary in diagnosis and treatment. This report presents valuable surgical pathological findings from such a rare case of ectopic pregnancy to understand the differentiation into each tissue during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Hayashi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
- First-Track Medical R&D, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research, PRUM-iBio Study Group, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Headquarter, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sano
- First-Track Medical R&D, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research, PRUM-iBio Study Group, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Headquarter, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shinshu University Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
- First-Track Medical R&D, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research, PRUM-iBio Study Group, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Headquarter, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Lansbergen MF, Khelil M, Etten-Jamaludin FSV, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Poor-prognosis molecular subtypes in adenocarcinomas of pancreato-biliary and gynecological origin: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 185:103982. [PMID: 37004743 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreato-biliary and gynecological adenocarcinomas need better tools to predict clinical outcome. Potential prognostic mesenchymal(-like) transcriptome-based subtypes have been identified in these cancers. In this systematic review, we include studies into molecular subtyping and summarize biological and clinical features of the subtypes within and across sites of origin, searching for suggestions to improve classification and prognostication. PubMed and Embase were searched for original research articles describing potential mesenchymal(-like) mRNA-based subtypes in pancreato-biliary or gynecological adenocarcinomas. Studies limited to supervised clustering were excluded. Fourty-four studies, discussing cholangiocarcinomas, gallbladder, ampullary, pancreatic, ovarian, and endometrial adenocarcinomas were included. There was overlap in molecular and clinical features in mesenchymal(-like) subtypes across all adenocarcinomas. Approaches including microdissection were more likely to identify prognosis-associating subtypes. To conclude, molecular subtypes in pancreato-biliary and gynecological adenocarcinomas share biological and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, separation of stromal and epithelial signals should be applied in future studies into biliary and gynecological adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein F Lansbergen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maryam Khelil
- University of Amsterdam, Spui 21, 1012 WX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Faridi S van Etten-Jamaludin
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Research Support Medical Library, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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