The relationship of micronucleus frequency and nuclear division index with coronary artery disease SYNTAX and Gensini scores

Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Taq1B Polymorphism and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Angiography in Yazd, Eastern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background

Several studies assessed the relationship between the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B gene polymorphism (rs708272) with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, their findings were inconsistent. The present study investigated the relationship between CVD risk factors and the Taq1B variant in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 476 patients aged 30-76 years old of both sexes from 2020-2021, in Yazd (Iran). The Taq1B polymorphism genotypes were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on DNA extracted from whole blood. Standard protocols were used to measure cardio-metabolic markers. To determine the association between CVDs risk factors and the rs708272 variant, binary logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models.

Results

Taq1B polymorphism genotype frequencies were 10.7% for B1B1, 72.3% for B1B2, and 17% for B2B2. There was no significant association between abnormal levels of CVDs risk factors and different genotypes of the Taq1B variant, Gensini score (P=0.64), Syntax score (P=0.79), systolic blood pressure (P=0.55), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.58), and waist circumference (P=0.79). There was no significant association between genotypes of the rs708272 variant and any abnormal serum lipid levels. After adjusting for confounders, the results remained non-significant.

Conclusion

There was no significant association between CVDs risk factors and CETP rs708272 polymorphism. The relationship between CETP gene variants and CVD occurrences varied across groups, implying that more research in different regions is required.A preprint version of this manuscript is available at https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2575215/v1 with doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2575215/v1.

Evaluation of Cytogenetic Alterations in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction

In recent years, there has been a rise in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it has been estimated that by 2040, CKD will be the fifth most common cause of death globally. In addition to diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease commonly associated with CKD, exposure to various toxins as a result of pollution or industrial disasters is also discussed as a cause for multi-organ pathology including kidneys. Although few cytogenetic studies were undertaken to assess the genetic damage in survivors of the disaster, no studies are available on the cytogenetic damage of toxic-gas exposed population having CKD. Therefore, the present multi-group cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the independent role of CKD as well as toxic gas exposure on cytogenetics.

Methods

The cytogenetic alterations were evaluated through chromosomal aberration analysis and micronuclei assay. The study included 608 study participants divided into four groups on the basis of history of exposure to the leaked gas and presence or absence of CKD.

Results

The results of the study showed no statistically significant difference in cytogenetic damage between gas-exposed and non-exposed patients of CKD, whereas significantly higher cytogenetic damage was observed among gas-exposed participants having CKD compared to gas-exposed participants free from CKD, suggesting that cytogenetic changes could be due to CKD itself.

Conclusions

Thus, to conclude, the cytogenetic alterations observed in the study can be partly attributed to the disease itself.

Relationship of Gensini score with retinal vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio in senile CHD

Background

This study aimed to find the correlation of Gensini score with retinal vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods

This study included 120 senile CHD patients as the CHD group and 100 healthy individuals as the normal group (NG). Gensini score was used to evaluate the severity of coronary artery lesions. Central retinal artery equivalents (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalents (CRVE), and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) were measured.

Results

CHD group has lower CRAE and AVR than NG, while higher CRVE was observed in NG. CRAE and AVR in UAP (unstable angina pectoris) and AMI (acute myocardial infarction) groups showed reduction (stable angina pectoris); however, enhanced CRVE and Gensini scores in UA and AMI groups were observed as compared to the SAP group. CRAE and AVR in moderate and severe groups were reduced to a greater extent compared to the mild groups, while enhanced CRVE and Gensini scores were observed more often in the severe group than the mild group. CRAE and AVR were negatively correlated with the Gensini score; however, CRVE was positively correlated with the Gensini score.

Conclusion

AVR is expected to be a noninvasive index to diagnose and predict senile CHD, which has a certain evaluation value. Diabetes, smoking history, and TC are independent risk factors of senile CHD.

Exploring the mechanism of Shengmai Yin for coronary heart disease based on systematic pharmacology and chemoinformatics

OBJECTIVE

To explore the mechanism of Shengmai Yin (SMY) for coronary heart disease (CHD) by systemic pharmacology and chemoinformatics.

METHODS

Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), traditional Chinese medicine integrative database (TCMID) and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Database@Taiwan were used to screen and predict the bioactive components of SMY. Pharmmapper were utilized to predict the potential targets of SMY, the TCMSP was utilized to obtain the known targets of SMY. The Genecards and OMIM database were utilized to collect CHD genes. Cytoscape was then used for network construction and analysis, and DAVID was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. After that, animal experiments were then performed to further validate the results of systemic pharmacology and chemoinformatics.

RESULTS

Three major networks were constructed: (1) CHD genes' protein-protein interaction (PPI) network; (2) SMY-CHD PPI network; (3) SMY known target-CHD PPI network. The other networks are minor networks generated by analyzing the three major networks. Experimental results showed that compared with the model group, the Shengmai injection (SMI) can reduce the myocardial injury score and the activities of serum aspartate aminoconvertase (AST), CK and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats (P<0.05), and reduce serum lipid peroxide (LPO) content and increase serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in myocardial infarction rats (P<0.05). SMI can also decrease the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and increase that of TIMP-1 mRNA (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION

SMY may regulate the signaling pathways (such as PPAR, FoxO, VEGF signaling), biological processes (such as angiogenesis, blood pressure formation, inflammatory response) and targets (such as AKT1, EGFR, MAPK1) so as to play a therapeutic role in CHD.

Comparison of MESA of and Framingham risk scores in the prediction of coronary artery disease severity

BACKGROUND

The correlation between cardiovascular risk scoring systems and the severity of coronary artery diseases (CAD) is not clear. The present research aimed to evaluate the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) risk score and Framingham risk score (FRS), using the Gensini score (GS) system as reference, so as to determine which model is better for the prediction of CAD severity.

METHODS

This research was a single-center and cross-sectional observational study. In total, 1423 patients were included in our study. Three different groups were formed according to GS: 0 < GS ≤ 22 (low GS group, n = 484); 22 < GS ≤ 42 (intermediate GS group, n = 468); GS > 42 (high GS group, n = 471). Logistic and linear regression analyses were carried out to explore the relationship between the risk score models and the GS. The performance of the risk models was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

RESULTS

The MESA risk score and the FRS both had a statistically significant power for the prediction of CAD severity (MESA area under curve: 0.630; FRS area under curve: 0.613). Furthermore, the MESA had a better performance in predicting the severity (p < 0.05) of CAD compared with the FRS. In the subgroup analysis, the MESA showed a better performance in the male (p < 0.05), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05), and smoking subgroups (p < 0.05) compared with the FRS.

CONCLUSION

The MESA and FRS predicted the severity of CAD in the Chinese population of this study. Moreover, the MESA had a better performance than the FRS model in predicting the severity of CAD in the overall population as well as in the male, smoking, diabetes, and non-diabetes subgroups.