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Teja KV, Janani K, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Natoli V, Di Blasio M, Cicciu M, Minervini G. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:849. [PMID: 37951871 PMCID: PMC10638705 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to compare the synergistic antibacterial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The current study included four hundred extracted human permanent mandibular premolar teeth. After complete chemo-mechanical preparation, the middle third of the root was sectioned using a rotary diamond disc and a total of 400 samples were obtained. The specimens were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. After that, specimens were divided into five groups (n = 80) based on materials used for the disinfection of samples: Group I, calcium hydroxide alone; Group II, calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gel; Group III, calcium hydroxide + 2% chitosan gel; Group IV, calcium hydroxide + 0.02% silver nanoparticle gel; Group V, calcium hydroxide + Bioactive glass S53P4. Dentin shavings from the apical third were obtained from the inner third of dentin were obtained using gates glidden no.1 to the apical depth, followed by no.2, 3, 4 and 5 analyzed for E. faecalis using the culture method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis, followed by post-hoc Tukey's test for multiple comparisons of means to check the difference in bacterial inhibition between the groups. RESULTS ANOVA results revealed a significant reduction of bacterial counts in all the groups compared (p < 0.001). Intergroup comparison showed maximum bacterial reduction (p < 0.001) with calcium hydroxide + bioactive glass S53P4 compared with other groups. CONCLUSION Synergistic effect of calcium hydroxide showed better bacterial reduction compared to calcium hydroxide alone. Among the combinations evaluated, calcium hydroxide with bioactive glass, found to be most effective compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishnamchari Janani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, 72345, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, 72345, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Valentino Natoli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Macro Cicciu
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121, Naples, Italy
- Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences Saveetha University, Saavetha Dental College, Chennai, India
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Godoi-Jr EP, Bronzato JD, Francisco PA, Bícego-Pereira EC, Lopes EM, Passini MRZ, de-Jesus-Soares A, Almeida JFA, Marciano MA, Ferraz CCR, Gomes BPFA. Microbiological profile of root canals indicated for endodontic retreatment due to secondary endodontic infections or for prosthetic reasons. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2049-2064. [PMID: 37002440 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological profile of root canals indicated for endodontic retreatment due to secondary endodontic infections evidenced by the presence of chronic apical periodontitis (G1) or for prosthetic reasons, without clinical and radiographic signs of endodontic reinfection (G2). METHODS Microbiological samples were collected from thirty teeth (N=30) out of which 15 were indicated for retreatment due to the presence of chronic apical periodontitis (G1) and 15 were indicated exclusively for prosthetic reasons (G2). Samples were collected from root canals before (S1), after chemomechanical preparation (S2), and after 30 days of intracanal medication composed of calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel (S3). The molecular analysis was performed using Nested-PCR for the detection of 17 bacterial species. The efficacy of each stage of the retreatment in reducing the microbial load was verified by counting colony-forming units (CFU). The statistical analysis considered a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The results showed that bacteria were detected in 100% of the cases in S1, in both groups, by Nested PCR. The most frequently found species in S1 in both groups were Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Parvimonas micra. The microbial load of G1 was higher than G2 in the initial samples (S1). Endodontic retreatment was effective in reducing the microbial load in G1 and G2. Statistically significant associations were found between specific bacteria and clinical signs and symptoms. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the microbial community present in the root canal of teeth indicated for endodontic retreatment is mixed and heterogeneous. G1 and G2 differ in the number of species per case and microbial load. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Endodontic retreatment was effective in reducing the microbial load. Statistically significant associations were found between specific bacteria and clinical signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederaldo P Godoi-Jr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Francisco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloá C Bícego-Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica M Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maicon R Z Passini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana de-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José F A Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina A Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio C R Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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In vitro evaluation of the sealing ability of combined use of iRoot BP Plus and iRoot SP for root-end filling. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04896-5. [PMID: 36746820 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the sealing ability of combined application of iRoot BP Plus Root Repair Material (BP-RRM) and iRoot SP Injectable Root Canal Sealer (SP-RCS) for root-end filling. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 120 extracted human teeth were used in this study and were randomly divided into four groups. The BP-RRM+SP-RCS group included teeth retro-filled with combined use of BP-RRM and SP-RCS (n=45), and the BP-RRM group included teeth retro-filled by BP-RRM alone (n=45). Teeth without root-end preparation and filling were equally divided into positive control (n=15) and negative control (n=15). The apical sealing ability was evaluated by micro-CT analysis, dye penetrant examination, bacterial leakage test, and glucose leakage test. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis showed that the total void fraction of BP-RRM+SP-RCS group was significantly lower than that of BP-RRM group, particularly at the coronal 1/3 segment of the retro-filled roots. Consistently, the maximum linear depth of dye leakage in BP-RRM+SP-RCS group was less than that of BP-RRM group. Bacterial leakage test showed that the microbial leakage in BP-RRM+SP-RCS group was significantly less than that in BP-RRM group. However, no significant difference in glucose leakage between BP-RRM+SP-RCS group and BP-RRM group was observed. CONCLUSION Combined use of BP-RRM and SP-RCS for root-end filling promotes apical sealing in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Combined use of BP-RRM and SP-RCS for root-end filling exhibited better apical sealing as compared to BP-RRM alone in vitro, and this may help reducing technical sensitivity and promoting clinical efficiency during endodontic microsurgery.
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