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León-Almanza KR, Jaramillo-Nuñez AA, Ruiz-Cisneros CA, Herrera-Plasencia PM. Prevalence of radix accesoria dentis in a northern Peruvian population evaluated by cone-beam tomography. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35919. [PMID: 39224394 PMCID: PMC11367036 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Radix accessoria dentis are anatomical variations of the mandibular molars and identifying them radiographically can be challenging for the clinician, especially in specific areas such as endodontics. The objective this study was to determine the prevalence of radix accessoria dentis evaluated in cone-beam computed tomography in a northern Peruvian population. The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 2640 permanent mandibular first and second molar teeth evaluated by cone beam tomography. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. For the analysis of radix accesoria dentis, the axial and coronal views of the tomography were evaluated. Prevalence was evaluated according to sex and according to type of tooth and average length. The statistical analyses used were the chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis H test to find the correlation of the variables. A prevalence of 2.5 % of radix accesoria dentis was determined. According to sex, radix accesoria dentis was present in 1.36 % in females and 1.14 % in males (p > 0.05). The tooth 4.6 obtained the highest prevalence with 1.33 % (p > 0.05) and the average length of radix accesoria dentis found was 9.27 mm (p > 0.05). The prevalence of the radix accesoria dentis evaluated in cone beam tomography in a northern Peruvian population is low. Sex does not influence its presentation. Mandibular first molars are the ones that present the greatest amount of this anatomical variation and the average length of the radix accesoria dentis is less than 10 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Renata León-Almanza
- Universidad César Vallejo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Profesional de Estomatología, Piura, Peru
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Alhumaidi AM, Mirza MB, Karobari MI, Abuelqomsan MA, Hashem Q, Aldaijy MT, Albarr NY, Aldaijy RT, Al Moaleem M. Classifying the internal anatomy of anterior teeth in the Yemeni population using two systems: a retrospective CBCT study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00965-7. [PMID: 38935196 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A precursor for effective root canal treatment (RCT) is a complete understanding of the internal anatomy of teeth. In this study, the authors aimed to classify the root canal morphology of anterior teeth in the Yemeni population and identify gender-based variations among them. In addition, the symmetry among adjacent quadrants was also evaluated. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 2935 anterior teeth, 1502 maxillary, and 1433 mandibular were analyzed for root canal morphology and symmetry. Comparison between groups and among different genders was done using the Chi-square test. All the maxillary teeth were single-rooted and had a predominantly 1TN1 (Vertucci Type I) canal morphology. In addition to 1TN1, the presence of 1TN1-2-1 (Vertucci type III) and 1TN1-2-1-2-1 (not classified NC according to Vertucci) morphologies were noticed in the maxillary canines. Among the mandibular anteriors, the canal morphologies identified include 1TN1 in majority of the scans followed by 1TN2-1 (Vertucci II), 1TN1-2-1, 1TN1-2 (Vertucci V), 1TN1-2-1-2 (Vertucci VII) was seen only in incisors and newer canal types like 1TN2-1-2-1 (NC Vertucci) and 1TN1-2-1-2-1 (NC Vertucci) was seen in canines and lateral incisors. Two roots were only seen in the mandibular canines and classified as 2TN1-2 (NC Vertucci). Variations in root and root canal morphologies were seen among both genders. However, the results were not significant. All the maxillary teeth except 0.8% were bilaterally symmetrical. In mandible, symmetry ranged between 84.5 and 86.5%. In conclusion, single-rooted teeth with 1TN1 classification are most commonly seen in all the anterior teeth. Gender-based differences were non-significant, and bilateral symmetry was high. Ahmed et al. classification could precisely represent the root canal morphology in two rooted teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mubashir Baig Mirza
- Conservative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Dilam Road, Al-Kharj, 11942, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Dental Research Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Ali Abuelqomsan
- Conservative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Dilam Road, Al-Kharj, 11942, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar Hashem
- Conservative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Dilam Road, Al-Kharj, 11942, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Motamedi MRK, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Ha WN. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and global distribution of middle mesial canals in mandibular molars identified by CBCT. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:310. [PMID: 38743355 PMCID: PMC11093850 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of middle mesial canal (MMC) in permanent mandibular molars of different populations and regions based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Open-Grey were searched up to October 2023 according to specific keywords. A hand search was conducted on the references of the included studies and articles from three peer-reviewed journals in endodontics. The main variable of interest was the prevalence of MMC. Additional data such as the total number of included cases, age and country of the population, CBCT device information, voxel size, and field of view details were also extracted. Extracted data were analyzed qualitatively with the JBI quality assessment checklist and quantitatively with STATA software. RESULTS Of 32,793 studied teeth, the cumulative prevalence of MMC in both mandibular 1st and 2nd molars was 3.11% (95% CI: 2.00-4.44%). The subgroup analysis reveals a prevalence of 4.15% (95% CI: 2.69-5.89%) for mandibular 1st molars and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.2-2.83%) for mandibular 2nd molars. The highest prevalence of MMC in 1st molar was attributed to South Asia (11.24%) and Africa (6.61%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MMC varies among regions. Clinicians should be aware of the potential prevalence of MMC, particularly in mandibular first molars, as a missed MMC could result in endodontic failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presence of MMCs varies in different geographic regions (0% to 29.7%). Clinicians should always look for MMC when doing an endodontic treatment on mandibular molars, as the presence of this canal is not uncommon. We suggest searching for this canal as if searching for the second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary 1st molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Reza Kalantar Motamedi
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - William N Ha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills NSW, Sydney, 2010, Australia.
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Lucisano MP, Ramos GT, Blanco-Victorio DJ, Ramírez-Sotelo LR, Lima RB, Nelson-Filho P, da Silva RAB, Miranda JA, da Silva LAB. Root canal conicity determination of primary second molars using nanotomography: An in vitro study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38676283 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conicity of the root canals of primary teeth is an important measure for endodontic therapies. However, determining this conicity depends on the methods employed, which requires further investigation. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the conicity of the root canals of the upper and lower primary second molars using nanotomography (nCT). DESIGN An in vitro study was performed using nine primary second molars, both upper and lower, subjected to nCT. Comparisons between the diameters of root canals were performed between the thirds (cervical-D0, middle-D5, and apical-D7). The conicity (%) was determined for each root canal from cervical to apical. Data were statistically analyzed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The conicity ranged from 2% to 8% for the upper primary second molars. Significant differences in root canal diameter between the thirds (D0, D5, and D7 points) were observed in the mesio- and distobuccal roots (p < .05), but not in the palatal roots (p > .05). For the lower primary second molars, the conicity ranged from 2% to 17%, as well as significant differences in root canal diameter between the thirds (D0, D5, and D7 points) were observed in all roots (distal, mesiobuccal, and mesiolingual; p < .05). CONCLUSION The conicity of the upper primary second molars was different from that of the lower ones, which showed a greater variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmer Torres Ramos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Odontopediatría, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Laura Ricardina Ramírez-Sotelo
- Departamento de Estomatología Médico Quirúrgico, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Arieta Miranda
- Departamento de Odontopediatría, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Guimaraes TS, Marceliano-Alves MFV, Provenzano JC, Olivares PP, Limoeiro AGS, Alves FRF, Dias LA. Morphological assessment of the isthmus in mesial root canals of first mandibular molars. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA LATINOAMERICANA : AOL 2023; 36:163-168. [PMID: 38345278 PMCID: PMC10867857 DOI: 10.54589/aol.36/3/163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Root canal morphology and its anatomical variations pose a great challenge to endodontists. Aim The aim of this in silico study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the threedimensional morphological characteristics of the isthmus in the mesial root canals of mandibular molars using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Material and Method Six hundred first mandibular molars were selected, including 317 with two mesial canals with isthmuses between the canals, and fully formed root. Isthmus morphology was determined in 3D longitudinal sections using Fan et al. (2010) classification. Root length, and the volume and area of apical and coronal level were measured. Additionally, the structural model index (SMI) of the canals were also assessed. Results The prevalence of isthmuses in the mesial root canals was 32% type II, 29% type III, 22% type IV, and 17% type I. The root length was found to be 9.1±0.5 mm, the volume and area, of all root canal system, were 41.8±40.1 mm3 and 63.6±24.2 mm2 respectively. The isthmi volume and area alone were 11.06±9.03 mm3 and 30.02±11.02 mm2. The study confirmed that isthmuses are present in mesial canals of mandibular first molars, being more frequent in the apical third. Conclusion The high prevalence of isthmuses with complex morphological features underscores the importance of using intracanal medications to disinfect areas unprepared by instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Guimaraes
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Departamento de Endodontia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - José C Provenzano
- Universidade Nova Iguaçu, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (Endodontia), Nova Iguaçu, Brasil
| | - Patricia P Olivares
- Universidade Nova Iguaçu, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (Endodontia), Nova Iguaçu, Brasil
| | | | - Flavio RF Alves
- Universidade Nova Iguaçu, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (Endodontia), Nova Iguaçu, Brasil
| | - Luciana A Dias
- Universidade Nova Iguaçu, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (Endodontia), Nova Iguaçu, Brasil
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Saber SM, Seoud MAE, Sadat SMAE, Nawar NN. Root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in an Egyptian subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 37061674 PMCID: PMC10105946 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was using Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to examine the anatomical variations in mandibular second molars in an Egyptian sub-population. METHODS A total of 350 CBCT images (215 females and 135 males, aged 15-65 years) of mandibular second molars were evaluated. Samples were evaluated in terms of: number of roots, number of root canals, roots' cross section as well as prevalence and configurations of C-shaped canals. Statistical analysis was done to highlight differences between different categories and their prevalence among genders (significance level was set at p < 0.05). Data were presented as frequency and percentage values and were analyzed using chi square test followed by pairwise comparisons utilizing multiple Fisher's exact tests with Bonferroni correction. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 within all tests. RESULTS Of the 350 mandibular second molars evaluated, 87.2% were non-C-shaped while 12.8% were C-shaped with no gender-based statistically significant differences (χ2 = 0.19, p = 0.656). Most samples had three root canals (80%) followed by two (16%), then one (3.2%), and finally four (0.8%) root canals. Among the non-C-shaped molars, presence of two roots was most common (83.4%) followed by presence of a single root (16.2%), and only one sample (0.2%) had three roots, and this had no correlation with gender (χ2 = 1.86, p = 0.431). In the mesial roots Type IV Vertucci was the most common configuration found (68.8%), while Type I was the most prevalent in the distal roots (91.8%). The long oval configuration was the most commonly found cross section in mesial roots while "oval" was the most prevalent in distal roots. CONCLUSION Egyptian sub-population shows highly variable morphological features in mandibular second molars, hence, CBCT is highly recommended on case-to-case conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehabeldin Mohamed Saber
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
- Center for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abou El Seoud
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nawar Naguib Nawar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Almansour MI, Al-Zubaidi SM, Enizy AS, Madfa AA. Comprehensive evaluation of root and root canal morphology of mandibular second molars in a Saudi subpopulation evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:267. [PMID: 35778729 PMCID: PMC9250273 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study's goal was to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to assess the root and root canal anatomy of mandibular second molars with C-shaped root canal configurations in residents of the Hail district. The impact of gender and side on the frequency of root canal morphology was considered. METHODS The sample size for this study was 304 untreated mandibular second molars with completely developed roots on the right and left sides. Using CBCT on the teeth, the root form and canal morphology for each root are based on Vertucci's classification. The occurrence of canals in the shape of a C. The prevalence and resemblance of the left and right sides or men and females were investigated. The Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the findings. RESULTS Of the 304 mandibular second molars studied, 286 teeth had two roots (94.1%), whilst 13 (4.3%) were C-shaped root canal systems. 77 molars (25.3%) had two canal orifices, 219 (72.0%) had three canal orifices, and six (2.0%) and one (0.3%) had four and five root canal orifices, respectively. Type IV was the most common for mesial root, accounting for 57.7% of the sample (n = 176). For distal root, the most common occurrence was type I, which occurred 282 times (96.60%). The most prevalent root canal morphology was the presence of two canals in the mesial root and one canal in the distal root of teeth with two distinct roots (variant 3). (69.4%). The overall prevalence of C-shaped root canal systems is (4.3%) (n = 13). CONCLUSIONS The patient's race is an undeniable factor that influences root canal anatomy. The root canal morphology of mandibular second molars revealed significant differences between Saudi subpopulations. The majority of mandibular second molars had two roots and three root canals. When treating these molars, the presence of a C-shaped root canal system must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moazzy I Almansour
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad M Al-Zubaidi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmjeed S Enizy
- Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Madfa
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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