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Gielis JF, Berzenji L, Siozopoulou V, Luijks M, Van Schil PEY. Update on Pulmonary Ossifications in the Differential Diagnosis of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204795. [PMID: 34682917 PMCID: PMC8537601 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary ossifications have often been regarded as rare, post-mortem findings without any clinical significance. We have investigated the occurrence of pulmonary ossifications in patients undergoing thoracic procedures, and how this may affect the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules. In addition, we have performed a literature search on the occurrence and possible pathogenesis of these ossifications. From January 2008 until August 2019, we identified pulmonary ossifications in 34 patients who underwent elective pulmonary surgery. Pre-operative imaging was unable to differentiate these ossifications from solid tumors. A definitive diagnosis was made by an experienced pathologist (VS, ML). The PubMed database was researched in December 2019 with the search terms “pulmonary ossifications”; “heterotopic ossifications”; and “solitary pulmonary nodule”. In total, 27 patients were male, with a mean age of 63 ± 12 years (age 41 to 82 on diagnosis). All lesions were identified on thoracic CT and marked for resection by a multidisciplinary team. A total of 17 patients were diagnosed with malignancy concurrent with ossifications. There was a clear predilection for the right lower lobe (12 cases, 35.3%) and most ossifications had a nodular form (70.6%). We could not identify a clear association with any other pathology, either cancerous or non-cancerous in origin. Oncologic or pulmonary comorbidities did not influence patient survival. Pulmonary ossifications are not as seldom as thought and are not just a curiosity finding by pathologists. These formations may be mistaken for a malignant space-occupying lesion, both pre-and perioperatively, as they are indistinguishable in imaging. We propose these ossifications as an underestimated addition to the differential diagnosis of a solitary pulmonary nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F. Gielis
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium; (L.B.); (P.E.Y.V.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lawek Berzenji
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium; (L.B.); (P.E.Y.V.S.)
| | | | - Marloes Luijks
- Department of Pathology, ZNA Stuivenberg, 2060 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Paul E. Y. Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium; (L.B.); (P.E.Y.V.S.)
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Jardine S, Dhingani N, Muise AM. TTC7A: Steward of Intestinal Health. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:555-570. [PMID: 30553809 PMCID: PMC6406079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, coupled with the efficiency of whole-exome sequencing, has led to the identification of tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) as a steward of intestinal health. TTC7A deficiency is an autosomal-recessively inherited disease. In the 5 years since the original description, more than 50 patients with more than 20 distinct disease-causing TTC7A mutations have been identified. Patients show heterogenous intestinal and immunologic disease manifestations, including but not limited to multiple intestinal atresias, very early onset inflammatory bowel disease, loss of intestinal architecture, apoptotic enterocolitis, combined immunodeficiency, and various extraintestinal features related to the skin and/or hair. The focus of this review is to highlight trends in patient phenotypes and to consolidate functional data related to the role of TTC7A in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. TTC7A deficiency is fatal in approximately two thirds of patients, and, as more patients continue to be discovered, elucidating the comprehensive role of TTC7A could show druggable targets that may benefit the growing cohort of individuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Jardine
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Medical Science and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neel Dhingani
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Medical Science and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Medical Science and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Nüesch U, Mauracher AA, Opitz L, Volkmer B, Michalak-Mićka K, Kamarashev J, Hartwig T, Reichmann E, Becher B, Vavassori S, Pachlopnik Schmid J. Epithelial proliferation in inflammatory skin disease is regulated by tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7 (Ttc7) in fibroblasts and lymphocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:292-304.e8. [PMID: 29775636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) and its mouse orthologue, Ttc7, result in a multisystemic disease, mostly affecting the epithelial barriers and immune system. Despite successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, ongoing progression of gastrointestinal manifestations can be life-threatening in TTC7A-deficient patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify whether TTC7A mutations dysregulate epithelial cells only or whether a cell-intrinsic defect in lymphocytes or other cells contributes to disease manifestations. METHODS Ttc7-mutated (Ttc7fsn/fsn) mice were crossed to generate double-mutant (Rag2-/-Ttc7fsn/fsn) and triple-mutant (Rag2-/-IL2rg-/-Ttc7fsn/fsn) mice. These models, together with bone marrow chimeras, were used to explore the role of adaptive and innate lymphocytes in the flaky skin phenotype. The effect of the Ttc7fsn/fsn mutation on stromal cells was tested in a xenograft model in conjunction with transcriptomic analysis of Ttc7fsn/fsn fibroblasts. RESULTS We observed that the severity of epithelial hyperproliferation was accentuated by lymphocytes, whereas the phenotype was not induced by transfer of Ttc7-mutated hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, mice completely lacking the lymphocytic compartment were not protected from epithelial hyperproliferation. Ttc7-mutated mouse fibroblasts expressed increased transcript levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) and the antimicrobial protein regenerating islet-derived protein 3γ (Reg3γ). In a xenograft model Ttc7-mutated fibroblasts markedly increased epithelial proliferation of keratinocytes. Thus Ttc7-mutated fibroblasts were identified as potent instigators of epithelial hyperproliferation. CONCLUSION Our results reveal a previously unsuspected fundamental cell-extrinsic role of Ttc7. We have identified potential candidates for molecularly targeted treatment strategies that will need to be evaluated in future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursina Nüesch
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea A Mauracher
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Volkmer
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jivko Kamarashev
- Division of Dermatopathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Hartwig
- Institute of Experimental Immunology-Inflammation Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Reichmann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology-Inflammation Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vavassori
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Pachlopnik Schmid
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Pediatric Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) phosphoinositides play essential roles in cell physiology, serving as both markers of membrane identity and signaling molecules central to the cell's interaction with its environment. The first step in PM phosphoinositide synthesis is the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to PI4P, the precursor of PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 This conversion is catalyzed by the PI4KIIIα complex, comprising a lipid kinase, PI4KIIIα, and two regulatory subunits, TTC7 and FAM126. We here report the structure of this complex at 3.6-Å resolution, determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The proteins form an obligate ∼700-kDa superassembly with a broad surface suitable for membrane interaction, toward which the kinase active sites are oriented. The structural complexity of the assembly highlights PI4P synthesis as a major regulatory junction in PM phosphoinositide homeostasis. Our studies provide a framework for further exploring the mechanisms underlying PM phosphoinositide regulation.
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Lawless D, Mistry A, Wood PM, Stahlschmidt J, Arumugakani G, Hull M, Parry D, Anwar R, Carter C, Savic S. Bialellic Mutations in Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 7A (TTC7A) Cause Common Variable Immunodeficiency-Like Phenotype with Enteropathy. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:617-622. [PMID: 28808844 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Lawless
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
| | - Anoop Mistry
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip M Wood
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
| | - Jens Stahlschmidt
- Department of Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
| | - Gururaj Arumugakani
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Hull
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
| | - David Parry
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rashida Anwar
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
| | - Clive Carter
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU) and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK. .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU) and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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The effects of STAT1 dysfunction on the gut. LYMPHOSIGN JOURNAL-THE JOURNAL OF INHERITED IMMUNE DISORDERS 2016. [DOI: 10.14785/lpsn-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription1 (STAT1) have been associated with a variety of clinical patterns. Interestingly patients with heterozygous mutations in the DNA binding domain (DBD) of STAT1 suffer acute and chronic colitis. Methods: To further analyze the role of STAT1 deficiency in intestinal inflammation, we employed protein expression analysis of total and activated STAT1 in intestinal biopsy samples from 2 patients with heterozygous mutations in the DBD of the STAT1 gene. Results: Both patients showed clinical and histological features of colitis. Total and activated STAT1 were decreased in duodenal and colonic enterocytes, and total STAT1 was found to be mislocalized in aggregates subapically. In addition, intestinal biopsy samples showed decreased numbers of lymphocytes. Patient-derived lymphoblasts demonstrated lack of viability and high susceptibility for cell death. Conclusion: STAT1 expression and distribution in the gut of patients with mutations in the DBD are abnormal, suggesting a primary role of STAT1 dysfunction in enterocytes in addition to the secondary effect of aberrant inflammation. Statement of novelty: Colitis associated with STAT1 mutations appears to have unique features distinct from typical inflammatory bowel disease.
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