1
|
Chitu V, Gökhan Ş, Stanley ER. Modeling CSF-1 receptor deficiency diseases - how close are we? FEBS J 2022; 289:5049-5073. [PMID: 34145972 PMCID: PMC8684558 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) in macrophage and organismal development has been extensively studied in mouse. Within the last decade, mutations in the CSF1R have been shown to cause rare diseases of both pediatric (Brain Abnormalities, Neurodegeneration, and Dysosteosclerosis, OMIM #618476) and adult (CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy, OMIM #221820) onset. Here we review the genetics, penetrance, and histopathological features of these diseases and discuss to what extent the animal models of Csf1r deficiency currently available provide systems in which to study the underlying mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
| | - Şölen Gökhan
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mickeviciute GC, Valiuskyte M, Plattén M, Wszolek ZK, Andersen O, Danylaité Karrenbauer V, Ineichen BV, Granberg T. Neuroimaging phenotypes of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and imaging recommendations. J Intern Med 2022; 291:269-282. [PMID: 34875121 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is a rare but fatal microgliopathy. The diagnosis is often delayed due to multifaceted symptoms that can mimic several other neurological disorders. Imaging provides diagnostic clues that help identify cases. The objective of this study was to integrate the literature on neuroimaging phenotypes of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed for neuroimaging findings of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy via PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase on 25 August 2021. The search included cases with confirmed CSF1R mutations reported under the previous terms hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids, pigmentary orthochromatic leukodystrophy, and adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia. In 78 studies providing neuroimaging data, 195 cases were identified carrying CSF1R mutations in 14 exons and five introns. Women had a statistically significant earlier age of onset (p = 0.041, 40 vs 43 years). Mean delay between symptom onset and neuroimaging was 2.3 years. Main magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were frontoparietal white matter lesions, callosal thinning, and foci of restricted diffusion. The hallmark computed tomography (CT) finding was white matter calcifications. Widespread cerebral hypometabolism and hypoperfusion were reported using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. In conclusion, CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is associated with progressive white matter lesions and brain atrophy that can resemble other neurodegenerative/-inflammatory disorders. However, long-lasting diffusion restriction and parenchymal calcifications are more specific findings that can aid the differential diagnosis. Native brain CT and brain MRI (with and without a contrast agent) are recommended with proposed protocols and pictorial examples are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goda-Camille Mickeviciute
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Monika Valiuskyte
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Michael Plattén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Oluf Andersen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginija Danylaité Karrenbauer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin V Ineichen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Granberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Luo S, Li N, Li H, Han J, Ling L. A Novel Missense Mutation of the CSF1R Gene Causes Incurable CSF1R-Related Leukoencephalopathy: Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1613-1620. [PMID: 33376386 PMCID: PMC7765750 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s286421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy, mainly caused by the mutation of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene on chromosome 5, is an underestimated neurological disease typically presenting as early-onset cognitive decline and personality changes. Currently, there is no specific treatment for CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Most clinicians failed to recognize this disease during an early disease stage, leading to a high rate of misdiagnosis. Although rare, an increasing amount of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy cases have been reported recently. In this study, we first report a 35-year-old woman with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy carrying a novel missense mutation c.2463G >C (p.W821C) of CSF1R. An extensive literature research was performed in order to better understand the broader genetic and clinical characteristics of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. A total of 147 patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy confirmed either by the genetic test or brain biopsy were identified. Among them, 49 patients were sporadic, and the rest of individuals had a family history originating from 46 different families. Our study indicated that the average age of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy onset was 41.4 years. Typical clinical symptoms of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy include cognitive decline, movement disorders, behavior changes and mental disorders. Genetic studies have reported 93 missense mutations, 13 splicing mutations, 6 deletion/insertion mutations, 1 code shift mutation and 1 nonsense mutation of the CSF1R gene in patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Early genetic detection and brain biopsy would be helpful for a confirmed diagnosis, and more translational studies are needed to combat this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiying Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Konno T, Kasanuki K, Ikeuchi T, Dickson DW, Wszolek ZK. CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: A major player in primary microgliopathies. Neurology 2018; 91:1092-1104. [PMID: 30429277 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of CSF1R gene mutations in families with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids in 2012, more than 70 different mutations have been identified around the world. Through the analyses of mutation carriers, CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy has been distinctly characterized clinically, radiologically, and pathologically. Typically, patients present with frontotemporal dementia-like phenotype in their 40s-50s, accompanied by motor symptoms, including pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. Women tend to develop the clinical symptoms at a younger age than men. On brain imaging, in addition to white matter abnormalities, thinning of the corpus callosum, diffusion-restricted lesions in the white matter, and brain calcifications are hallmarks. Primary axonopathy followed by demyelination was suggested by pathology. Haploinsufficiency of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is evident in a patient with a frameshift mutation, facilitating the establishment of Csf1r haploinsufficient mouse model. These mice develop clinical, radiologic, and pathologic phenotypes consistent with those of human patients with CSF1R mutations. In vitro, perturbation of CSF1R signaling is shown in cultured cells expressing mutant CSF1R. However, the underlying mechanisms by which CSF1R mutations selectively lead to white matter degeneration remains to be elucidated. Given that CSF1R mainly expresses in microglia, CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is representative of primary microgliopathies, of which microglia have a pivotal and primary role in pathogenesis. In this review, we address the current knowledge of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy and discuss the putative pathophysiology, with a focus on microglia, as well as future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Konno
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.K., Z.K.W.) and Neuroscience (K.K., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Molecular Genetics (T.I.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Konno is currently with the Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Koji Kasanuki
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.K., Z.K.W.) and Neuroscience (K.K., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Molecular Genetics (T.I.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Konno is currently with the Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.K., Z.K.W.) and Neuroscience (K.K., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Molecular Genetics (T.I.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Konno is currently with the Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.K., Z.K.W.) and Neuroscience (K.K., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Molecular Genetics (T.I.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Konno is currently with the Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- From the Departments of Neurology (T.K., Z.K.W.) and Neuroscience (K.K., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Molecular Genetics (T.I.), Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. Dr. Konno is currently with the Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|