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Darragh IAJ, Martinez‐Pacheco S, O'Driscoll L, Egan B. Functional assays reflective of cancer hallmarks in BT-549 cells are not impacted by media supplemented with exercise-trained plasma. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1124-1133. [PMID: 37991325 PMCID: PMC11215463 DOI: 10.1113/ep091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Media supplemented with sera from acutely exercised men has been shown to have 'anti-cancer' effects on prostate and breast cancer cell lines. This study investigated whether media supplemented with plasma samples taken at rest (≥30 h since the most recent exercise session) from men who were endurance-trained (END), strength-trained (STR) or recreationally active controls (CON) impacted the results of four assays that mimic hallmarks of cancer (proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix invasion and anoikis resistance) in the BT-549 breast cancer cell line. Compared to control conditions of either serum-free media or fetal bovine serum as appropriate, BT-549 cells cultured with plasma-supplemented media regardless of group resulted in greater cell proliferation (∼20-50%) and cell migration (∼15-20%), and lower extracellular matrix invasion (∼10-20%) and anoikis resistance (∼15-20%). Supplementing media with plasma from END or STR did not impact any outcomes of these assays compared to plasma from CON. Media supplemented with human plasma can impact functional assays reflective of cancer hallmarks in BT-549 cells, but effects of exercise on proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix invasion and anoikis resistance were not evident in resting blood samples of individuals with a prior history of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. J. Darragh
- School of Health and Human PerformanceDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
| | - Sarai Martinez‐Pacheco
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human PerformanceDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine CognitionPensacolaFloridaUSA
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2
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Alqallaf J, Orange ST, Matu J, Griffiths A, Johnson K, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Holliday A, Wilson O. The Effect of High-Fat Diet on Intramyocellular Lipid Content in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. J Nutr 2024; 154:1087-1100. [PMID: 38417551 PMCID: PMC11007750 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are stored within the muscle as intramyocellular lipids (IMCL). Some, but not all, studies indicate that following a high-fat diet (HFD), IMCL may accumulate and affect insulin sensitivity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the effects of an HFD on IMCL. It also explored the potential modifying effects of HFD fat content and duration, IMCL measurement technique, physical activity status, and the associations of IMCL with insulin sensitivity. Five databases were systematically searched for studies that examined the effect of ≥3 d of HFD (>35% daily energy intake from fat) on IMCL content in healthy individuals. Meta-regressions were used to investigate associations of the HFD total fat content, duration, physical activity status, IMCL measurement technique, and insulin sensitivity with IMCL responses. Changes in IMCL content and insulin sensitivity (assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) are presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and 16 in the meta-analysis. IMCL content increased following HFD (SMD = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.94, P = 0.001). IMCL accumulation was not influenced by total fat content (P = 0.832) or duration (P = 0.844) of HFD, physical activity status (P = 0.192), or by the IMCL measurement technique (P > 0.05). Insulin sensitivity decreased following HFD (SMD = -0.34; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.16; P = 0.003), but this was not related to the increase in IMCL content following HFD (P = 0.233). Consumption of an HFD (>35% daily energy intake from fat) for ≥3 d significantly increases IMCL content in healthy individuals regardless of HFD total fat content and duration of physical activity status. All IMCL measurement techniques detected the increased IMCL content following HFD. The dissociation between changes in IMCL and insulin sensitivity suggests that other factors may drive HFD-induced impairments in insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021257984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasem Alqallaf
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional, and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Griffiths
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
| | - Kelsie Johnson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adrian Holliday
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional, and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Wilson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom.
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Baldelli G, Natalucci V, Ferri Marini C, Sisti D, Annibalini G, Saltarelli R, Bocconcelli M, Gentilini V, Emili R, Rocchi MBL, Lucertini F, Barbieri E, Brandi G, De Santi M. A home-based lifestyle intervention program reduces the tumorigenic potential of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2409. [PMID: 38287041 PMCID: PMC10824728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Translational research for the evaluation of physical activity habits and lifestyle modifications based on nutrition and exercise has recently gained attention. In this study, we evaluated the effects of serum samples obtained before and after a 12-week home-based lifestyle intervention based on nutrition and exercise in breast cancer survivors in terms of modulation of the tumorigenic potential of breast cancer cells. The home-based lifestyle intervention proposed in this work consisted of educational counselling on exercise and nutritional behaviors and in 12 weeks of structured home-based exercise. Triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was cultured in semi-solid medium (3D culture) with sera collected before (PRE) and after (POST) the lifestyle intervention program. Spheroid formation was evaluated by counting cell colonies after 3 weeks of incubation. Results show a slight but significant reduction of spheroid formation induced by serum collected POST in comparison to those obtained PRE. Moreover, statistical analyses aimed to find physiologic and metabolic parameters associated with 3D cell proliferation revealed the proliferative inducer IGF-1 as the only predictor of cell tumorigenic potential. These results highlight the importance of lifestyle changes for cancer progression control in a tertiary prevention context. Translational research could offer a useful tool to identify metabolic and physiological changes induced by exercise and nutritional behaviors associated with cancer progression and recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Baldelli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Hygiene, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valentina Natalucci
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Hygiene, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Roberta Saltarelli
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Matteo Bocconcelli
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Veronica Gentilini
- Unit of Pharmacology and Hygiene, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rita Emili
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia di Urbino, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Bruno Luigi Rocchi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Hygiene, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Brandi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Hygiene, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro De Santi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Hygiene, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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Orange ST, Leslie J, Ross M, Mann DA, Wackerhage H. The exercise IL-6 enigma in cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:749-763. [PMID: 37633799 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 elicits both anticancer and procancer effects depending on the context, which we have termed the 'exercise IL-6 enigma'. IL-6 is released from skeletal muscles during exercise to regulate short-term energy availability. Exercise-induced IL-6 provokes biological effects that may protect against cancer by improving insulin sensitivity, stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, mobilising immune cells, and reducing DNA damage in early malignant cells. By contrast, IL-6 continuously produced by leukocytes in inflammatory sites drives tumorigenesis by promoting chronic inflammation and activating tumour-promoting signalling pathways. How can a molecule have such opposing effects on cancer? Here, we review the roles of IL-6 in chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis, and exercise-associated cancer prevention and define the factors that underpin the exercise IL-6 enigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Orange
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Jack Leslie
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Ross
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sport & Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Pelosi AC, Scariot PPM, Garbuio ALP, Kraemer MB, Priolli DG, Masselli Dos Reis IG, Messias LHD. A systematic review of exercise protocols applied to athymic mice in tumor-related experiments. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:719-729. [PMID: 37384946 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Athymic mice are unable to produce T-cells and are then characterized as immunodeficient. This characteristic makes these animals ideal for tumor biology and xenograft research. New non-pharmacological therapeutics are required owing to the exponential increase in global oncology costs over the last 10 years and the high cancer mortality rate. In this sense, physical exercise is regarded as a relevant component of cancer treatment. However, the scientific community lacks information regarding the effect of manipulating training variables on cancer in humans, and experiments with athymic mice. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to address the exercise protocols used in tumor-related experiments using athymic mice. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched without restrictions on published data. A combination of key terms such as athymic mice, nude mice, physical activity, physical exercise, and training was used. The database search retrieved 852 studies (PubMed, 245; Web of Science, 390; and Scopus, 217). After title, abstract, and full-text screening, 10 articles were eligible. Based on the included studies, this report highlights the considerable divergences in the training variables adopted for this animal model. No studies have reported the determination of a physiological marker for intensity individualization. Future studies are recommended to explore whether invasive procedures can result in pathogenic infections in athymic mice. Moreover, time-consuming tests cannot be applied to experiments with specific characteristics such as tumor implantation. In summary, non-invasive, low-cost, and time-saving approaches can suppress these limitations and improve the welfare of these animals during experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corazzi Pelosi
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luíza Paula Garbuio
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Maurício Beitia Kraemer
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Denise Gonçalves Priolli
- Coloproctology service of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo and Faculty of Health Sciences Pitágoras de Codó, Codó, Brazil
| | - Ivan Gustavo Masselli Dos Reis
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Falz R, Bischoff C, Thieme R, Tegtbur U, Hillemanns P, Stolzenburg JU, Aktas B, Bork U, Weitz J, Lässing J, Leps C, Voß J, Lordick F, Schulze A, Gockel I, Busse M. Effect of home-based online training and activity feedback on oxygen uptake in patients after surgical cancer therapy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Med 2023; 21:293. [PMID: 37553660 PMCID: PMC10408062 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is beneficial in enhancing physical function and quality of life in cancer patients. Its comprehensive implementation remains challenging, and underlying cardiopulmonary adaptations are poorly investigated. This randomized controlled trial examines the implementation and effects of home-based online training on cardiopulmonary variables and physical activity. METHODS Of screened post-surgical patients with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer, 148 were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention (2 × 30 min/week of strength-endurance training using video presentations) and a control group. All patients received activity feedback during the 6-month intervention period. Primary endpoint was change in oxygen uptake after 6 months. Secondary endpoints included changes in cardiac output, rate pressure product, quality of life (EORTC QoL-C30), C-reactive protein, and activity behavior. RESULTS One hundred twenty-two patients (62 intervention and 60 control group) completed the study period. Change in oxygen uptake between intervention and control patients was 1.8 vs. 0.66 ml/kg/min (estimated difference after 6 months: 1.24; 95% CI 0.23 to 2.55; p = 0.017). Rate pressure product was reduced in IG (estimated difference after 6 months: - 1079; 95% CI - 2157 to - 1; p = 0.05). Physical activity per week was not different in IG and CG. There were no significant interaction effects in body composition, cardiac output, C-reactive protein, or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Home-based online training among post-surgery cancer patients revealed an increase of oxygen uptake and a decrease of myocardial workload during exercise. The implementation of area-wide home-based training and activity feedback as an integral component in cancer care and studies investigating long-term effects are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS-ID: DRKS00020499 ; Registered 17 March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Falz
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Christian Bischoff
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Institute of Sport Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bork
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Lässing
- Institute of Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Leps
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Johannes Voß
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antina Schulze
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Busse
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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Mclaughlin M, Hesketh KL, Horgan SL, Florida-James G, Cocks M, Strauss JA, Ross M. Ex Vivo treatment of coronary artery endothelial cells with serum post-exercise training offers limited protection against in vitro exposure to FEC-T chemotherapy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1079983. [PMID: 36818448 PMCID: PMC9932712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1079983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer associates with well-documented cardiovascular detriments. Exercise has shown promise as a potentially protective intervention against cardiac toxicity. However, there is a paucity of evidence for the benefits of exercise on the vasculature. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of chemotherapy on the vascular endothelium; and if there are protective effects of serological alterations elicited by an exercise training intervention. Methods and Results: 15 women participated in a 12-week home-based exercise intervention consisting of three high-intensity interval sessions per week. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were exposed to physiological concentrations of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (FEC) and docetaxel to determine a dose-response. Twenty-4 hours prior to FEC and docetaxel exposure, HCAECs were preconditioned with serum collected pre- and post-training. Annexin V binding and cleaved caspase-3 were assessed using flow cytometry and wound repair by scratch assays. Chemotherapy exposure increased HCAEC Annexin V binding, cleaved caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner; and inhibited wound repair. Compared to pre-training serum, conditioning HCAECs with post-training serum, reduced Annexin V binding (42% vs. 30%, p = 0.01) when exposed to FEC. For docetaxel, there were no within-group differences (pre-vs post-exercise) for Annexin V binding or cleaved caspase-3 expression. There was a protective effect of post-training serum on wound repair for 5-flurouracil (p = 0.03) only. Conclusion: FEC-T chemotherapy drugs cause significant damage and dysfunction of endothelial cells. Preconditioning with serum collected after an exercise training intervention, elicited some protection against the usual toxicity of FEC-T, when compared to control serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mclaughlin
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Hesketh
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Horgan
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Cocks
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette A. Strauss
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Mark Ross,
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8
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Schenk A, Esser T, Belen S, Gunasekara N, Joisten N, Winker MT, Weike L, Bloch W, Heidenreich A, Herden J, Löser H, Oganesian S, Theurich S, Watzl C, Zimmer P. Distinct distribution patterns of exercise-induced natural killer cell mobilisation into the circulation and tumor tissue of patients with prostate cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C879-C884. [PMID: 35912994 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00243.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mobilization and activation of natural killer (NK) cells have been proposed as key mechanisms promoting anti oncogenic effects of physical exercise. Although mouse models have proven that physical exercise recruits NK cells to tumor tissue and inhibits tumor growth, this preclinical finding has not been transferred to the clinical setting yet. In this first-in-human study, we found that physical exercise mobilizes and redistributes NK cells, especially those with a cytotoxic phenotype, in line with preclinical models. However, physical exercise did not increase NK cell tumor infiltrates. Future studies should carefully distinguish between acute and chronic exercise modalities and should be encouraged to investigate more immune responsive tumor entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schenk
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tobias Esser
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sergen Belen
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadira Gunasekara
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matteo Thomas Winker
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Weike
- Paderborn University, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- University Hospital Cologne, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Reconstructive Urology, Cologne, Germany.,Medical University Vienna, Department of Urology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Herden
- University Hospital Cologne, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Reconstructive Urology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Löser
- University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne Germany
| | - Sabine Oganesian
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Medicine III, Munich, Germany and LMU Gene Center, Cancer- and Immunometabolism Research Group, Munich, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich Site, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Medicine III, Munich, Germany and LMU Gene Center, Cancer- and Immunometabolism Research Group, Munich, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich Site, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund University (IfADo), Department for Immunology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Dortmund, Germany
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9
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Peres A, Branchini G, Marmett B, Nunes FB, Romão PRT, Olean-Oliveira T, Minuzzi L, Cavalcante M, Elsner V, Lira FS, Dorneles GP. Potential Anticarcinogenic Effects From Plasma of Older Adults After Exercise Training: An Exploratory Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:855133. [PMID: 35874516 PMCID: PMC9298496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.855133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the impact of exercise training plasma on in vitro prostate cancer cell viability and proliferation. Methods: PC3 prostate cancer cells were incubated with plasma obtained from young men with high and low physical fitness (PF) (high PF, n = 5; low PF, n = 5) and with the plasma collected from institutionalized older adults (n = 8) before and after multimodal exercise training. Cell viability and proliferation, mitochondria membrane polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis were evaluated after the cell treatment with plasma. Systemic cytokines were evaluated in the plasma of institutionalized older adults submitted to an exercise training protocol. Results: Plasma from high-PF men lowers both cell viability and proliferation after the incubation time. PC3 cells also presented lower cell viability and diminished rates of cell proliferation after the incubation with post-training plasma samples of the older adults. The incubation of PC3 cells with post-training plasma of older adults depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Post-training plasma did not change apoptosis or necrosis rates in the PC3 cell line. Multimodal exercise training increased the plasma levels of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-α, and FGF-1 and decreased TNF-α concentrations in institutionalized older adults. Conclusion: Adaptations in blood factors of institutionalized older adults may alter cell viability and proliferation by targeting mitochondrial ROS in a prostate cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Peres
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gisele Branchini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marmett
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bordignon Nunes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciele Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Mateus Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Viviane Elsner
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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10
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Orange ST, Hritz A, Pearson L, Jeffries O, Jones TW, Steele J. Comparison of the effects of velocity-based vs. traditional resistance training methods on adaptations in strength, power, and sprint speed: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and quality of evidence appraisal. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1220-1234. [PMID: 35380511 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2059320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We estimated the effectiveness of using velocity feedback to regulate resistance training load on changes in muscle strength, power, and linear sprint speed in apparently healthy participants. Academic and grey literature databases were systematically searched to identify randomised trials that compared a velocity-based training intervention to a 'traditional' resistance training intervention that did not use velocity feedback. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were pooled using a random effects model. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias 2 tool and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Four trials met the eligibility criteria, comprising 27 effect estimates and 88 participants. The main analyses showed trivial differences and imprecise interval estimates for effects on muscle strength (SMD 0.06, 95% CI -0.51-0.63; I2 = 42.9%; 10 effects from 4 studies; low-quality evidence), power (SMD 0.11, 95% CI -0.28-0.49; I2 = 13.5%; 10 effects from 3 studies; low-quality evidence), and sprint speed (SMD -0.10, 95% CI -0.72-0.53; I2 = 30.0%; 7 effects from 2 studies; very low-quality evidence). The results were robust to various sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, there is currently no evidence that VBT and traditional resistance training methods lead to different alterations in muscle strength, power, or linear sprint speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK.,Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK
| | - Adam Hritz
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK
| | - Liam Pearson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Owen Jeffries
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK
| | - Thomas W Jones
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Steele
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, UK
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11
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Orange ST, Jordan AR, Odell A, Kavanagh O, Hicks KM, Eaglen T, Todryk S, Saxton JM. Acute aerobic exercise-conditioned serum reduces colon cancer cell proliferation through IL-6-induced regulation of DNA damage in vitro. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:265-274. [PMID: 35213038 PMCID: PMC9314683 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence shows that regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of primary and recurrent colon cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of stimulating a human colon cancer cell line (LoVo) with human serum collected before and after an acute exercise bout vs non-exercise control serum on cancer cell proliferation. We also measured exercise-induced changes in serum cytokines and intracellular protein expression to explore potential biological mechanisms. Blood samples were collected from 16 men with lifestyle risk factors for colon cancer (age ≥ 50 years; body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 ; physically inactive) before and immediately after an acute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic interval exercise (6 x 5 min intervals at 60% heart rate reserve) and a non-exercise control condition. Stimulating LoVo cells with serum obtained immediately after exercise reduced cancer cell proliferation compared with control (-5.7%; P = 0.002). This was accompanied by a decrease in LoVo cell γ-H2AX expression (-24.6%; P = 0.029), indicating a reduction in DNA damage. Acute exercise also increased serum IL-6 (24.6%, P = 0.002). Furthermore, stimulating LoVo cells with recombinant IL-6 reduced γ-H2AX expression (β = -22.7%; P < 0.001) and cell proliferation (β = -5.3%; P < 0.001) in a linear dose-dependent manner, mimicking the effect of exercise. These findings suggest that the systemic responses to acute aerobic exercise inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro, and this may be driven by IL-6-induced regulation of DNA damage and repair. This mechanism of action may partly underlie epidemiological associations linking regular physical activity with reduced colon cancer risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alistair R Jordan
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Adam Odell
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Owen Kavanagh
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
| | - Kirsty M Hicks
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tristan Eaglen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John M Saxton
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK
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12
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Metcalfe RS, Kemp R, Heffernan SM, Churm R, Chen YC, Ruffino JS, Conway GE, Tornillo G, Orange ST. Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise-conditioned human serum: evidence, relevance and opportunities. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021. [PMID: 33864493 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04680-x.pmid:33864493;pmcid:pmc8260517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of several site-specific cancers in humans and suppresses tumour growth in animal models. The mechanisms through which exercise reduces tumour growth remain incompletely understood, but an intriguing and accumulating body of evidence suggests that the incubation of cancer cells with post-exercise serum can have powerful effects on key hallmarks of cancer cell behaviour in vitro. This suggests that exercise can impact tumour biology through direct changes in circulating proteins, RNA molecules and metabolites. Here, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of what is known about the effects of exercise-conditioned sera on in vitro cancer cell behaviour. In doing so, we consider the key limitations of the current body of literature, both from the perspective of exercise physiology and cancer biology, and we discuss the potential in vivo physiological relevance of these findings. We propose key opportunities for future research in an area that has the potential to identify key anti-oncogenic protein targets and optimise physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention, treatment and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK.
| | - Rachael Kemp
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Gillian E Conway
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Metcalfe RS, Kemp R, Heffernan SM, Churm R, Chen YC, Ruffino JS, Conway GE, Tornillo G, Orange ST. Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise-conditioned human serum: evidence, relevance and opportunities. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2107-2124. [PMID: 33864493 PMCID: PMC8260517 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of several site-specific cancers in humans and suppresses tumour growth in animal models. The mechanisms through which exercise reduces tumour growth remain incompletely understood, but an intriguing and accumulating body of evidence suggests that the incubation of cancer cells with post-exercise serum can have powerful effects on key hallmarks of cancer cell behaviour in vitro. This suggests that exercise can impact tumour biology through direct changes in circulating proteins, RNA molecules and metabolites. Here, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of what is known about the effects of exercise-conditioned sera on in vitro cancer cell behaviour. In doing so, we consider the key limitations of the current body of literature, both from the perspective of exercise physiology and cancer biology, and we discuss the potential in vivo physiological relevance of these findings. We propose key opportunities for future research in an area that has the potential to identify key anti-oncogenic protein targets and optimise physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention, treatment and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK.
| | - Rachael Kemp
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Gillian E Conway
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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