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Cordeira J. Daily replacement of very high-fat diet stabilizes food intake and improves mouse welfare by ensuring food quality. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291347. [PMID: 37721935 PMCID: PMC10506720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers are obligated to ensure food quality and provide laboratory animals with a palatable diet. Factors influencing the quality and palatability of very high-fat diet (VHFD), a widely used rodent diet, however, are understudied. We conducted experiments to establish best practices for ensuring the quality of VHFD and to improve mouse welfare. We found that VHFD in the food hopper was vulnerable first to dehydration and then oxidation within 7-days, leading to dramatic changes in food intake and food preference behavior in mice. Mitigating dehydration and oxidation of VHFD by replacing food daily, rather than weekly, stabilized feeding behavior without effect on overall cardio-metabolic health. Importantly, daily replacement of VHFD also reduced measures of anxiety-like behavior in the open field test. Refining husbandry practices to include daily replacement of VHFD can therefore ensure VHFD quality and improve animal welfare. Standardizing the practice of daily VHFD replacement may also prevent experimental confound and improve experimental reproducibility and replicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Cordeira
- Department of Biology, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, Connecticut, United States of America
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Yang F, Ma Z, Li W, Kong J, Zong Y, Wendusu B, Wu Q, Li Y, Dong G, Zhao X, Wang J. Identification and immune characteristics of molecular subtypes related to fatty acid metabolism in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:992331. [PMID: 36211517 PMCID: PMC9537386 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although fatty acid metabolism has been confirmed to be involved in the pathological process of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), systematic analyses on the immune process mediated by fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FAMRGs) in IPF remain lacking. Methods The gene expression data of 315 patients with IPF were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database and were divided into the training and verification sets. The core FAMRGs of the training set were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Then, the fatty acid metabolism-related subtypes in IPF were identified on the basis of k-means unsupervised clustering. The scores of fatty acid metabolism and the expression of the fibrosis biomarkers in different subtypes were compared, and functional enrichment analysis was carried out on the differentially expressed genes between subtypes. A random forest model was used to select important FAMRGs as diagnostic markers for distinguishing between subtypes, and a line chart model was constructed and verified by using other datasets and rat models with different degrees of pulmonary fibrosis. The difference in immune cell infiltration among subtypes was evaluated with CIBERSORT, and the correlation between core diagnostic markers and immune cells were analyzed. Results Twenty-four core FAMRGs were differentially expressed between the training set and normal samples, and IPF was divided into two subtypes. Significant differences were observed between the two subtypes in biological processes, such as linoleic acid metabolism, cilium movement, and natural killer (NK) cell activation. The subtype with high fatty acid metabolism had more severe pulmonary fibrosis than the other subtype. A reliable construction line chart model based on six diagnostic markers was constructed, and ABCA3 and CYP24A1 were identified as core diagnostic markers. Significant differences in immune cell infiltration were found between the two subtypes, and ABCA3 and CYP24A1 were closely related to NK cells. Conclusion Fatty acid metabolism and the immune process that it mediates play an important role in the occurrence and development of IPF. The analysis of the role of FAMRGs in IPF may provide a new potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaotian Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyang Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bilige Wendusu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglu Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangda Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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