Yau K, Burneo JG, Jandoc R, McArthur E, Muanda FT, Parikh CR, Wald R, Weir MA, Garg AX. Population-Based Study of Risk of AKI with Levetiracetam.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018;
14:17-26. [PMID:
30538089 PMCID:
PMC6364531 DOI:
10.2215/cjn.07490618]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Regulatory agencies warn about the risk of AKI with levetiracetam use on the basis of information from case reports. We conducted this study to determine whether new levetiracetam use versus nonuse is associated with a higher risk of AKI.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of adults with epilepsy in Ontario, Canada. Patients who received a new outpatient prescription for levetiracetam between January 1, 2004 and March 1, 2017 were matched to two nonusers on stage of CKD, recorded seizure in the prior 90 days, and logit of a propensity score for levetiracetam use. The primary outcome was a hospital encounter (emergency department visit or hospitalization) with AKI within 30 days of cohort entry. Secondary outcomes were AKI within 180 days and change in the concentration of serum creatinine. We assessed the primary outcome using health care diagnosis codes. We evaluated the change in the concentration of serum creatinine in a subpopulation with laboratory measurements.
RESULTS
We matched 3980 levetiracetam users to 7960 nonusers (mean age 55 years, 51% women). Levetiracetam use was not significantly associated with a higher risk of AKI within 30 days (13 [0.33%] events in levetiracetam users and 21 [0.26%] events in nonusers [odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.62 to 2.47]). Similarly, there was no significant association with AKI within 180 days (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.43 to 1.13). The change in the concentration of serum creatinine did not significantly differ between levetiracetam users and nonusers.
CONCLUSIONS
In this population-based study levetiracetam use was not associated with a higher risk of AKI.
PODCAST
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2018_12_11_Yau_Podcast.mp3.
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