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Iacovazzo D, Hernández-Ramírez LC, Korbonits M. Sporadic pituitary adenomas: the role of germline mutations and recommendations for genetic screening. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2017; 12:143-153. [PMID: 30063429 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2017.1306439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although most pituitary adenomas occur sporadically, these common tumors can present in a familial setting in approximately 5% of cases. Germline mutations in several genes with autosomal dominant (AIP, MEN1, CDKN1B, PRKAR1A, SDHx) or X-linked dominant (GPR101) inheritance are causative of familial pituitary adenomas. Due to variable disease penetrance and occurrence of de novo mutations, some patients harboring germline mutations have no family history of pituitary adenomas (simplex cases). Areas covered: We summarize the recent findings on the role of germline mutations associated with familial pituitary adenomas in patients with sporadic clinical presentation. Expert commentary: Up to 12% of patients with young onset pituitary adenomas (age at diagnosis/onset ≤30 years) and up to 25% of simplex patients with gigantism carry mutations in the AIP gene, while most cases of X-linked acrogigantism (XLAG) due to GPR101 duplication are simplex female patients with very early disease onset (<5 years). With regard to the syndromes of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), MEN1 mutations can be identified in a significant proportion of patients with childhood onset prolactinomas. Somatotroph and lactotroph adenomas are the most common pituitary adenomas associated with germline predisposing mutations. Genetic screening should be considered in patients with young onset pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iacovazzo
- a Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and The London School of Medicine , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - L C Hernández-Ramírez
- b Section on Endocrinology and Genetics , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - M Korbonits
- a Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and The London School of Medicine , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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Yamada T, Kanoh M, Nabe S, Yasuoka T, Suzuki J, Matsumoto A, Kuwahara M, Maruyama S, Fujimoto T, Sakisuka R, Yasukawa M, Yamashita M. Menin Plays a Critical Role in the Regulation of the Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cell Response upon Listeria Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4079-4089. [PMID: 27798149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Menin, a tumor suppressor protein, is encoded by the MEN1 gene in humans. Certain germinal mutations of MEN1 induce an autosomal-dominant syndrome that is characterized by concurrent parathyroid adenomas and several other tumor types. Although menin is also expressed in hematopoietic lineages, its role in CD8+ T cells remains unclear. We generated Meninflox/flox CD4-Cre (Menin-KO) mice by crossing Meninflox/flox mice with CD4-Cre transgenic (Tg) mice to determine the role of menin in CD8+ T cells. Wild-type (WT) and Menin-KO mice were infected with Listeria monocytogenes expressing OVA to analyze the immune response of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. Menin deficiency resulted in an impaired primary immune response by CD8+ T cells. On day 7, there were fewer Menin-KO OVA-specific CD8+ T cells compared with WT cells. Next, we adoptively transferred WT and Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells into congenic recipient mice and infected them with L. monocytogenes expressing OVA to determine the CD8+ T cell-intrinsic effect. Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells were outcompeted by the WT cells upon infection. Increased expression of Blimp-1 and T-bet, cell cycle inhibitors, and proapoptotic genes was observed in the Menin-KO OT-1 Tg CD8+ T cells upon infection. These data suggest that menin inhibits differentiation into terminal effectors and positively controls proliferation and survival of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells that are activated upon infection. Collectively, our study uncovered an important role for menin in the immune response of CD8+ T cells to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan;
| | - Makoto Kanoh
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shogo Nabe
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yasuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Junpei Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Saho Maruyama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and
| | - Takuya Fujimoto
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryo Sakisuka
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; and.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Chlamydia trachomatis-induced alterations in the host cell proteome are required for intracellular growth. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 15:113-24. [PMID: 24439903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens directly alter host cells in order to replicate and survive. While infection-induced changes in host transcription can be readily assessed, posttranscriptional alterations are more difficult to catalog. We applied the global protein stability (GPS) platform, which assesses protein stability based on relative changes in an adjoining fluorescent tag, to identify changes in the host proteome following infection with the obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. Our results indicate that C. trachomatis profoundly remodels the host proteome independently of changes in transcription. Additionally, C. trachomatis replication depends on a subset of altered proteins, such as Pin1 and Men1, that regulate the host transcription factor AP-1 controlling host inflammation, stress, and cell survival. Furthermore, AP-1-dependent transcription is activated during infection and required for efficient Chlamydia growth. In summary, this experimental approach revealed that C. trachomatis broadly alters host proteins and can be applied to examine host-pathogen interactions and develop host-based therapeutics.
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Welander J, Söderkvist P, Gimm O. Genetics and clinical characteristics of hereditary pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:R253-76. [PMID: 22041710 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors of the adrenal glands and the sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia. They can occur sporadically or as a part of different hereditary tumor syndromes. About 30% of PCCs and PGLs are currently believed to be caused by germline mutations and several novel susceptibility genes have recently been discovered. The clinical presentation, including localization, malignant potential, and age of onset, varies depending on the genetic background of the tumors. By reviewing more than 1700 reported cases of hereditary PCC and PGL, a thorough summary of the genetics and clinical features of these tumors is given, both as part of the classical syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), von Hippel-Lindau disease, neurofibromatosis type 1, and succinate dehydrogenase-related PCC-PGL and within syndromes associated with a smaller fraction of PCCs/PGLs, such as Carney triad, Carney-Stratakis syndrome, and MEN1. The review also covers the most recently discovered susceptibility genes including KIF1Bβ, EGLN1/PHD2, SDHAF2, TMEM127, SDHA, and MAX, as well as a comparison with the sporadic form. Further, the latest advances in elucidating the cellular pathways involved in PCC and PGL development are discussed in detail. Finally, an algorithm for genetic testing in patients with PCC and PGL is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Welander
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Hipkaeo W, Sakulsak N, Wakayama T, Yamamoto M, Nakaya MA, Keattikunpairoj S, Kurobo M, Iseki S. Coexpression of Menin and JunD during the Duct Cell Differentiation in Mouse Submandibular Gland. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2008; 214:231-45. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.214.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Natthiya Sakulsak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Miyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Masa-Aki Nakaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Sunisa Keattikunpairoj
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Miho Kurobo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
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