1
|
Bai Y, Nan Y, Wu T, Zhu A, Xie X, Sun Y, Deng Y, Dou Z, Hu X, Zhou R, Xu S, Zhang Y, Fan J, Ju D. Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Against Rubicon Ameliorates NAFLD by Modulating CD36 Along with Glycerophospholipid Metabolism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400493. [PMID: 38894572 PMCID: PMC11336963 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent cause of various chronic metabolic hepatic diseases with limited therapeutics. Rubicon, an essential regulator in lysosomal degradation, is reported to exacerbate hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice and patients, indicating its probability of being a therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment. In this study, the therapeutic potential of Rubicon blockage is investigated. Lipid nanoparticles carrying Rubicon-specific CRISPR-Cas9 components exhibited liver accumulation, cell internalization, and Rubicon knockdown. A single administration of the nanoparticles results in attenuated lipid deposition and hepatic steatosis, with lower circulating lipid levels and decreased adipocyte size in NAFLD mice. Furthermore, the increase of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels can be observed in the NAFLD mice livers after Rubicon silencing, along with regulatory effects on metabolism-related genes such as CD36, Gpcpd1, Chka, and Lpin2. The results indicate that knockdown of Rubicon improves glycerophospholipid metabolism and thereby ameliorates the NAFLD progression, which provides a potential strategy for NAFLD therapy via the restoration of Rubicon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - An Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xinlei Xie
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Research and DevelopmentShanghai Proton and Heavy Ion CenterFudan University Cancer HospitalShanghai201321P. R. China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Research and DevelopmentShanghai Proton and Heavy Ion CenterFudan University Cancer HospitalShanghai201321P. R. China
| | - Zihan Dou
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Rongrui Zhou
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
- Fudan Zhangjiang InstituteShanghai201203P. R. China
- Shanghai Hailu Biological Technology Co., Ltd.Shanghai201200P. R. China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunotherapeuticsFudan University School of PharmacyShanghaiP. R. China
- Fudan Zhangjiang InstituteShanghai201203P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ueki K, Nishida Y, Aoyama S, Uzawa H, Kanai A, Ito M, Ikeda K, Iida H, Miyatsuka T, Watada H. Establishment of Pancreatic β-Cell-Specific Gene Knockout System Based on CRISPR-Cas9 Technology With AAV8-Mediated gRNA Delivery. Diabetes 2023; 72:1609-1620. [PMID: 37625131 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP system provides valuable resources to analyze the importance of tissue-specific gene knockout (KO), including pancreatic β-cells associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, it is expensive and time consuming to generate transgenic mice harboring floxed genes of interest and cross them with cell-specific Cre expression mice. We establish a βCas9 system with mice expressing Cas9 in pancreatic β-cells and adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8)-mediated guide RNA (gRNA) delivery based on CRISPR-Cas9 technology to overcome those shortcomings. Interbreeding CAG-loxP-STOP-loxP (LSL)-Cas9 with Ins1-Cre mice generates normal glucose-tolerant βCas9 mice expressing Cas9 with fluorescent reporter EGFP specifically in β-cells. We also show significant β-cell-specific gene KO efficiency with AAV8-mediated delivery of gRNA for EGFP reporter by intraperitoneal injection in the mice. As a proof of concept, we administered AAV8 to βCas9 mice for expressing gRNA for Pdx1, a culprit gene of maturity-onset diabetes of the young 4. As reported previously, we demonstrate that those mice show glucose intolerance with transdifferentiation of Pdx1 KO β-cells into glucagon-expressing cells. We successfully generated a convenient β-cell-specific gene KO system with βCas9 mice and AAV8-mediated gRNA delivery. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosei Ueki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuhei Aoyama
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uzawa
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koki Ikeda
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kanai A, Nishida Y, Iwamoto T, Yokota M, Aoyama S, Ueki K, Ito M, Uzawa H, Iida H, Koike M, Watada H. Genome-wide screening for regulators of degradation of insulin secretory granules with a fluorescent reporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:132-140. [PMID: 37516030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is essential in controlling blood glucose levels, and its synthesis and secretion have been well investigated. In contrast, how insulin secretory granules (ISGs) are degraded in pancreatic beta cells remains largely unknown. To clarify the mechanism, we constructed a fluorescent reporter detecting ISG degradation, where EGFP and mCherry are tandemly conjugated to a cytoplasmic region of ZnT8, an ISG membrane-localized protein. Depletion of serum and amino acid stimulated lysosomal ISG degradation detected with the reporter. Next, with MIN6 cells expressing Cas9 and the reporter, we investigated the involvement of conventional Atg5/7-dependent autophagy to show that it is dispensable for the ISG degradation process. Finally, we performed genome-wide screening by enriching the cells lacking the ISG degradation and showed that pathways regulating autophagy are not identified. These results suggest that alternative degradation in lysosomes, instead of conventional autophagy, may be involved in ISG degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kanai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Iwamoto
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Yokota
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shuhei Aoyama
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kyosei Ueki
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uzawa
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aoyama S, Nishida Y, Uzawa H, Himuro M, Kanai A, Ueki K, Ito M, Iida H, Tanida I, Miyatsuka T, Fujitani Y, Matsumoto M, Watada H. Monitoring autophagic flux in vivo revealed its physiological response and significance of heterogeneity in pancreatic beta cells. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:658-671.e4. [PMID: 36944338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an essential role in preserving cellular homeostasis in pancreatic beta cells. However, the extent of autophagic flux in pancreatic islets induced in various physiological settings remains unclear. In this study, we generate transgenic mice expressing pHluorin-LC3-mCherry reporter for monitoring systemic autophagic flux by measuring the pHluorin/mCherry ratio, validating them in the starvation and insulin-deficient model. Our findings reveal that autophagic flux in pancreatic islets enhances after starvation, and suppression of the flux after short-term refeeding needs more prolonged re-starvation in islets than in the other insulin-targeted organs. Furthermore, heterogeneity of autophagic flux in pancreatic beta cells manifests under insulin resistance, and intracellular calcium influx by glucose stimulation increases more in high- than low-autophagic flux beta cells, with differential gene expression, including lipoprotein lipase. Our pHluorin-LC3-mCherry mice enable us to reveal biological insight into heterogeneity in autophagic flux in pancreatic beta cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Aoyama
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hirotsugu Uzawa
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miwa Himuro
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kyosei Ueki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Minami S, Nakamura S, Yoshimori T. Rubicon in Metabolic Diseases and Ageing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:816829. [PMID: 35083223 PMCID: PMC8784836 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.816829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation system that maintains intracellular homeostasis. Cytoplasmic components are engulfed into double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes, and resulting in the degradation of sequestered materials. Recently, a close association between autophagy and the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and ageing has become apparent: autophagy is dysregulated during metabolic diseases and ageing; dysregulation of autophagy is intimately associated with the pathophysiology. Rubicon (Run domain Beclin-1 interacting and cysteine-rich containing protein) has been identified as a Beclin-1 associated protein. Notably, Rubicon is one of few negative regulators of autophagy whereas many autophagy-related genes are positive regulators of autophagy. Rubicon also has autophagy-independent functions including phagocytosis and endocytosis. In this mini-review, we focus on the various roles of Rubicon in different organs in the settings of metabolic diseases and ageing, and discuss its potential role as a promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Minami
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan L, Li R, Hu X, Zhu Y, Bao T, Zuo Y, Yang M. Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a case-finding tool for low handgrip strength in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14028. [PMID: 32820230 PMCID: PMC7441391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring handgrip strength is the initial step to diagnose sarcopenia. To investigate whether the serum creatinine (Cr)/cystatin C (CysC) ratio could serve as a case-finding tool for low handgrip strength, we conducted a diagnostic accuracy study. Adults (aged ≥ 40 years) with normal renal function were recruited. Trained nurses collected blood samples and conducted the anthropometric measurements and handgrip strength test. The serum concentrations of Cr, CysC, and other biomarkers were measured. We recruited 1098 men and 1241 women. The Cr/CysC ratio was significantly associated with AWGS-defined low handgrip strength among men and women. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.79 among men and 0.78 among women for using the Cr/CysC ratio to identify AWGS-defined low handgrip strength. We set the Cr/CysC ratio cut-off values at < 8.9 among men and < 8.0 among women. The corresponding sensitivity values were 64.9% among men and 63.1% among women, while the specificity values were 83.7% among men and 77.5% among women. In conclusion, the Cr/CysC ratio is positively and linearly associated with handgrip strength and may be helpful for screening low handgrip strength in Chinese middle-aged and older adults dwelling in communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Tan
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruicen Li
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
- Health Management Center, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zuo
- Health Management Center, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China.
- Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|