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Hsu RH, Lee NC, Chen HA, Hwu WL, Chang TM, Chien YH. Late-onset symptomatic hyperprolactinemia in 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:351. [PMID: 37950276 PMCID: PMC10636984 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency caused by 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficiency is a rare disorder that is one of the major causes of hyperphenylalaninemia in Taiwan. METHODS In this study, we reviewed the clinical courses of 12 adolescent and adult patients (7 females and 5 males) with PTPS deficiency. RESULTS The patients were treated shortly after diagnosis through newborn screening with a combination of BH4, levodopa/carbidopa, and 5-OH-tryptophan. Their plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine levels were well controlled, and their prolactin levels were also decreased after treatment. However, their prolactin levels gradually rose as they grew into puberty, and at a current age of 27.5 [interquartile range (IQR 7.9)] years, five of the 12 patients had either highly elevated prolactin levels (> 100 ng/mL in one male patient, normal reference values, male < 11 ng/mL, female < 17 ng/mL) or symptoms, including irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, and breast swelling (in four female patients). The dosage of levodopa in these five patients (14.3 (IQR 3.0) mg/kg/day) was slightly higher than that in the other patients (p = 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging studies did not reveal an increase in the size of the anterior pituitary gland, although a Rathke cleft cyst was found in one patient. Two patients received cabergoline treatment, which promptly lowered prolactin levels and relieved symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Hyperprolactinemia is common in female patients with PTPS deficiency, especially after puberty. A long-acting dopamine agonist, such as cabergoline, may be a necessary adjunctive treatment for most patients with BH4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai-Hseng Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-An Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ming Chang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang HK, Lee CC, Wang YC, Hsu PW, Huang YC, Chang TW, Liu YT, Chuang CC. Rathke's cleft cyst classification and outcomes after endoscopic endonasal approach. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 233:107882. [PMID: 37517273 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rathke's cleft cyst is rare, with variable characteristics and no unified categorization system. This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes, based on different categorizations, of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts treated with endoscopic endonasal approach. METHODS This retrospective study of 38 patients with symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst treated with endoscopic endonasal approach from 2006/06-2021/08 recorded pre- and post-operative clinical presentation, endocrine and visual tests, radiological findings, and resection status. Rathke's cleft cysts were categorized by both cyst consistency and radiological features and clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS The most common pre-operative symptoms were visual field deficit (65.8%) and hypopituitarism (39.5 %). Visual field deficit improved in 84% of affected patients, and hyperprolactinemia improved in 80% of affected patients. Pre-operative hypothyroidism and hypogonadism were associated with radiological type 3 cysts, while headache was more common in type B and C. Type 3 cysts were also associated post-operative hypogonadism and hypothyroidism. Permanent Diabetes insipidus was found in 3 patients (7.9%). Cyst height was a significant factor related to pre-operative visual field deficit and post-operative Diabetes insipidus. Residual cysts were found in 11 cases (30.6%) and 9 patients experienced regrowth/recurrence. Residual cysts were a significant factor in regrowth/recurrence. Recurrence rate and post-operative complications were not correlated with different subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic endonasal approach for removal of Rathke's cleft cyst is a safe and effective intervention. It leads to significant improvement in visual field deficit and recovery of hyperprolactinemia. Although the incidence of post-operative Diabetes insipidus is high, it is usually temporary. Although different categorizations are not correlated to recurrence rate, they could help predict the status of hormone deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung university, School of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Chi Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung university, School of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung university, School of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Peng Wei Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung university, School of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yin Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung university, School of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung university, School of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung university, School of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung university, School of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
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The AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway Was Mediated through the LINC00514/miR-28-5p/TRIM44 Axis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1889467. [PMID: 36193506 PMCID: PMC9525750 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1889467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the essential role of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis. LINC00514, a novel lncRNA, was reported to be a promoter of malignant behaviors in cancer, but in pituitary adenoma (PA), its biological functions remain unclear. Methods. Herein, we measured LINC00514 expression by RT-qPCR analysis which indicated a significant elevation of LINC00514 expression in human PA tissues. Moreover, the effect of LINC00514 silencing on PA cell proliferation and invasion was, respectively, examined by CCK-8 and transwell assays. Results. The results showed that LINC00514 deletion markedly inhibited PA cell proliferation and invasion. Besides, investigation on the molecular mechanisms showed that LINC00514 might function as an endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-28-5p and TRIM44 was mediated by LINC00514-derived miR-28-5p in PA cells. Furthermore, the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was mediated through the LINC00514/miR-28-5p/TRIM44 axis. Conclusion. To sum up, we suggested LINC00514 as a novel therapeutic target for PA treatment.
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Gadelha MR, Wildemberg LE, Lamback EB, Barbosa MA, Kasuki L, Ventura N. Approach to the Patient: Differential Diagnosis of Cystic Sellar Lesions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1751-1758. [PMID: 35092687 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Cystic lesions arising in the sellar region are not uncommon and encompass cystic pituitary adenomas, Rathke cleft cysts, craniopharyngiomas, and arachnoid cysts. Their clinical presentation may be similar, including headache, visual field defects, and anterior pituitary hormone deficits, which makes differential diagnosis challenging. On the other hand, imaging features may indicate certain pathologies. In this approach to the patient, we describe the case of a patient who presented with right temporal hemianopsia and a sellar/suprasellar cystic lesion, which was determined to be Rathke cleft cyst. We discuss the imaging characteristics that may suggest a particular diagnosis between Rathke cleft cyst, cystic pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, and arachnoid cyst and propose a flowchart for aiding in the imaging differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica R Gadelha
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Wildemberg
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Baranski Lamback
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Alvares Barbosa
- Radiology Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Radiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- MRI Unit, Clínica de Diagnóstico por imagem, DASA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nina Ventura
- Radiology Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroradiology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroradiology Unit, Samaritano Hospital, Grupo Fleury, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhang L, Li X, Li C, Wang Z, Zheng L, Qin G, Wang S, Xu L. Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Pituitary Function of Patients in Central China With Rathke's Cleft Cysts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:800135. [PMID: 35295993 PMCID: PMC8919671 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is a common, benign, cystic disease that often leads to hypophyseal dysfunction or head symptoms. The relationship between RCCs and pituitary gland function is not clear. We therefore carried out a study to examine this relationship in greater detail. METHODS The study was a retrospective, cohort design in patients diagnosed with a RCC between January 2019 to July 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China. RESULTS A total of 221 patients were enrolled and then divided into study cohorts according to the diameter of the RCC, clinical manifestations, and surgical treatment received. The majority of patients were symptomatic (143/221), including 83 cases of dizziness and headache, 9 of vision loss and visual field defect, and 2 of diabetes insipidus. 52 cases had abnormal pituitary function, with 8 cases interestingly showing high adrenocorticotropic-hormone (ACTH) and cortisone levels, while 8 juvenile cases had developed central precocious puberty. Patients with larger RCCs were more likely to present with headaches and dizziness, with subjects who suffered from these symptoms having high ACTH and cortisone levels. CONCLUSION Although the size of a RCC is not an important factor influencing hypopituitary function, we consider that endocrine evaluation should be carried out in all patients with a RCC.
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