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Mouton AJ, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Omoto ACM, Hall JE. Targeting immunometabolism during cardiorenal injury: roles of conventional and alternative macrophage metabolic fuels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1139296. [PMID: 37234412 PMCID: PMC10208225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1139296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in mediating and resolving tissue injury as well as tissue remodeling during cardiorenal disease. Altered immunometabolism, particularly macrophage metabolism, is a critical underlying mechanism of immune dysfunction and inflammation, particularly in individuals with underlying metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of macrophages in cardiac and renal injury and disease. We also highlight the roles of macrophage metabolism and discuss metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and diabetes, which may impair normal macrophage metabolism and thus predispose individuals to cardiorenal inflammation and injury. As the roles of macrophage glucose and fatty acid metabolism have been extensively discussed elsewhere, we focus on the roles of alternative fuels, such as lactate and ketones, which play underappreciated roles during cardiac and renal injury and heavily influence macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jussara M. do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ana C. M. Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - John E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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2
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Souza-Almeida G, Palhinha L, Liechocki S, da Silva Pereira JA, Reis PA, Dib PRB, Hottz ED, Gameiro J, Vallochi AL, de Almeida CJ, Castro-Faria-Neto H, Bozza PT, Maya-Monteiro CM. Peripheral leptin signaling persists in innate immune cells during diet-induced obesity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:1131-1138. [PMID: 33070353 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0820-092rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a pleiotropic adipokine that regulates immunometabolism centrally and peripherally. Obese individuals present increased levels of leptin in the blood and develop hypothalamic resistance to this adipokine. Here we investigated whether leptin effects on the periphery are maintained despite the hypothalamic resistance. We previously reported that leptin injection induces in vivo neutrophil migration and peritoneal macrophage activation in lean mice through TNF-α- and CXCL1-dependent mechanisms. However, leptin effects on leukocyte biology during obesity remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the in vivo responsiveness of leukocytes to i.p. injected leptin in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). After 14-16 wk, high-sucrose, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice showed hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, and dyslipidemia compared to normal-sucrose, normal-fat diet (ND). Exogenous leptin did not reduce food intake in DIO mice in contrast to control mice, indicating that DIO mice were centrally resistant to leptin. Regardless of the diet, we found increased levels of TNF-α and CXCL1 in the animals injected with leptin, alongside a pronounced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity and enhanced biogenesis of lipid droplets in peritoneal macrophages. Supporting our in vivo results, data from ex vivo leptin stimulation experiments confirmed hypothalamic resistance in DIO mice, whereas bone marrow cells responded to leptin stimulation through mTOR signaling despite obesity. Altogether, our results show that leukocytes responded equally to leptin in ND- or HFD-fed mice. These results support a role for leptin in the innate immune response also in obesity, contributing to the inflammatory status that leads to the development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Souza-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Current address: Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sally Liechocki
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Alves Reis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Disease and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacy Gameiro
- Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Disease and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lima Vallochi
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecília Jacques de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Menezes Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Itoh M, Suganami T, Kato H, Kanai S, Shirakawa I, Sakai T, Goto T, Asakawa M, Hidaka I, Sakugawa H, Ohnishi K, Komohara Y, Asano K, Sakaida I, Tanaka M, Ogawa Y. CD11c+ resident macrophages drive hepatocyte death-triggered liver fibrosis in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92902. [PMID: 29202448 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent evidence has pointed to the role of organ- and pathogenesis-specific macrophage subsets, it is still unclear which subsets are critically involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Using melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient (MC4R-KO) mice fed Western diet (WD), which exhibit liver phenotypes similar to those of human NASH, we found a histological structure, termed hepatic crown-like structure (hCLS), in which CD11c+ macrophages surround dead/dying hepatocytes, a prominent feature of NASH. Here, we demonstrate that hCLS-constituting macrophages could be a novel macrophage subset that drives hepatocyte death-triggered liver fibrosis. In an "inducible NASH model," hepatocyte death induces hCLS formation and liver fibrosis sequentially in the short term. In combination with the long-term WD feeding model, we also showed that resident macrophages are a major cellular source of CD11c+ macrophages constituting hCLS, which exhibited gene expression profiles distinct from CD11c- macrophages scattered in the liver. Moreover, depletion of CD11c+ macrophages abolished hCLS formation and fibrogenesis in NASH. Our clinical data suggest the role of CD11c+ macrophages in the disease progression from simple steatosis to NASH. This study sheds light on the role of resident macrophages, in addition to recruited macrophages, in the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kanai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takeru Sakai
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Goto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Asakawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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FUKUI AKIRA, IKEBE-EBATA YUKI, KONDO HIDEKAZU, SAITO SHOTARO, AOKI KOHEI, FUKUNAGA NAOYA, SHINOHARA TETSUJI, MASAKI TAKAYUKI, TESHIMA YASUSHI, TAKAHASHI NAOHIKO. Hyperleptinemia Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Mediated Atrial Fibrosis and Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 28:702-710. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AKIRA FUKUI
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - YUKI IKEBE-EBATA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - HIDEKAZU KONDO
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - SHOTARO SAITO
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - KOHEI AOKI
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - NAOYA FUKUNAGA
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - TETSUJI SHINOHARA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - TAKAYUKI MASAKI
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - YASUSHI TESHIMA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - NAOHIKO TAKAHASHI
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
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5
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Abstract
The rapid growth in obesity worldwide contributes to an increase in metabolic syndrome and obesity-related kidney disease with an enhanced increased risk for chronic kidney disease, finally progressing to end-stage renal disease. Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ secreting numerous factors that contribute to renal and cardiovascular complications. In renal damage, various adipokines are involved through mediating endothelial dysfunction, inducing oxidative stress and inflammation as well as stimulating renal sympathetic nervous activity, and it reduces cancellous bone but conversely increases cortical bone. Adipokines may also be involved in the development of renal anaemia. A balance exists between more protective adipokines (adiponectin) and factors mediating pathophysiological effects (angiotensin II, TNFα). Obesity may cause a disruption of this delicate balance, thereby inducing renal disease. Consequently, weight reduction and lifestyle changes affecting all components of the metabolic syndrome are essential to disrupt this vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Rüster
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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6
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Procaccini C, Pucino V, De Rosa V, Marone G, Matarese G. Neuro-endocrine networks controlling immune system in health and disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:143. [PMID: 24778633 PMCID: PMC3985001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems have long been considered as compartments that perform separate and different functions. However, recent clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data have suggested that the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), might involve factors, hormones, and neural mediators that link the immune and nervous system. These molecules are members of the same superfamily, which allow the mutual and bi-directional neural-immune interaction. More recently, the discovery of leptin, one of the most abundant adipocyte-derived hormones that control food intake and metabolism, has suggested that nutritional/metabolic status, acting at central level, can control immune self-tolerance, since it promotes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Here, we summarize the most recent advances and the key players linking the central nervous system, immune tolerance, and the metabolic status. Understanding this coordinated interaction may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to increase host defense and suppress immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Napoli , Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Napoli , Italy ; Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma , Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy ; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno , Salerno , Italy ; IRCCS Multimedica , Milano , Italy
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7
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Procaccini C, Pucino V, De Rosa V, Marone G, Matarese G. Neuro-endocrine networks controlling immune system in health and disease. Front Immunol 2014. [PMID: 24778633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00143/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems have long been considered as compartments that perform separate and different functions. However, recent clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data have suggested that the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), might involve factors, hormones, and neural mediators that link the immune and nervous system. These molecules are members of the same superfamily, which allow the mutual and bi-directional neural-immune interaction. More recently, the discovery of leptin, one of the most abundant adipocyte-derived hormones that control food intake and metabolism, has suggested that nutritional/metabolic status, acting at central level, can control immune self-tolerance, since it promotes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Here, we summarize the most recent advances and the key players linking the central nervous system, immune tolerance, and the metabolic status. Understanding this coordinated interaction may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to increase host defense and suppress immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Napoli , Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Napoli , Italy ; Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma , Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy ; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno , Salerno , Italy ; IRCCS Multimedica , Milano , Italy
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8
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Nakazawa M, Obata Y, Nishino T, Abe S, Nakazawa Y, Abe K, Furusu A, Miyazaki M, Koji T, Kohno S. Involvement of leptin in the progression of experimentally induced peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:75-84. [PMID: 23720606 PMCID: PMC3661781 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone mainly produced by white adipose cells, and regulates body fat and food intake by acting on hypothalamus. Leptin receptor is expressed not only in the hypothalamus but in a variety of peripheral tissues, suggesting that leptin has pleiotropic functions. In this study, we investigated the effect of leptin on the progression of peritoneal fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal injection of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) every other day for 2 or 3 weeks in mice. This study was conducted in male C57BL/6 mice and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Peritoneal fluid, blood, and peritoneal tissues were collected 15 or 22 days after CG injection. CG injection increased the level of leptin in serum and peritoneal fluid with thickening of submesothelial compact zone in wild type mice, but CG-injected ob/ob mice attenuate peritoneal fibrosis, and markedly reduced the number of myofibroblasts, infiltrating macrophages, and blood vessels in the thickened submesothelial area. The 2-week leptin administration induced a more thickened peritoneum in the CG-injected C57BL/6 mice than in the PBS group. Our results indicate that an upregulation of leptin appears to play a role in fibrosis and inflammation during peritoneal injury, and reducing leptin may be a therapeutically potential for peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | - Yoko Obata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
- Medical Education Development Center, Nagasaki University Hospital
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | | | - Akira Furusu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | | | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
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9
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Fukui A, Takahashi N, Nakada C, Masaki T, Kume O, Shinohara T, Teshima Y, Hara M, Saikawa T. Role of Leptin Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Angiotensin II–Mediated Atrial Fibrosis and Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013; 6:402-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.111.000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Fukui
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakada
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takayuki Masaki
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Osamu Kume
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Shinohara
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Teshima
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Masahide Hara
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Tetsunori Saikawa
- From the Department of Laboratory Examination and Diagnostics (A.F., N.T., Y.T., T.S.), Department of Internal Medicine 1 (T.M., O.K., T.S., M.H.), and Department of Molecular Pathology (C.N.), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
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10
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Moraes-Vieira PMM, Bassi EJ, Araujo RC, Câmara NOS. Leptin as a link between the immune system and kidney-related diseases: leading actor or just a coadjuvant? Obes Rev 2012; 13:733-43. [PMID: 22498577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food intake and nutritional status modify the physiological responses of the immune system to illness and infection and regulate the development of chronic inflammatory processes, such as kidney disease. Adipose tissue secretes immune-related proteins called adipokines that have pleiotropic effects on both the immune and neuroendocrine systems, linking metabolism and immune physiology. Leptin, an adipose tissue-derived adipokine, displays a variety of immune and physiological functions, and participates in several immune responses. Here, we review the current literature on the role of leptin in kidney diseases, linking adipose tissue and the immune system with kidney-related disorders. The modulation of this adipose hormone may have a major impact on the treatment of several immune- and metabolic-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M M Moraes-Vieira
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Hu QH, Zhang X, Pan Y, Li YC, Kong LD. Allopurinol, quercetin and rutin ameliorate renal NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid accumulation in fructose-fed rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:113-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Schaab M, Kausch H, Klammt J, Nowicki M, Anderegg U, Gebhardt R, Rose-John S, Scheller J, Thiery J, Kratzsch J. Novel regulatory mechanisms for generation of the soluble leptin receptor: implications for leptin action. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34787. [PMID: 22545089 PMCID: PMC3335825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipokine leptin realizes signal transduction via four different membrane-anchored leptin receptor (Ob-R) isoforms in humans. However, the amount of functionally active Ob-R is affected by constitutive shedding of the extracellular domain via a so far unknown mechanism. The product of the cleavage process the so-called soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R) is the main binding protein for leptin in human blood and modulates its bioavailability. sOb-R levels are differentially regulated in metabolic disorders like type 1 diabetes mellitus or obesity and can, therefore, enhance or reduce leptin sensitivity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To describe mechanisms of Ob-R cleavage and to investigate the functional significance of differential sOb-R levels we established a model of HEK293 cells transiently transfected with different human Ob-R isoforms. Using siRNA knockdown experiments we identified ADAM10 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10) as a major protease for constitutive and activated Ob-R cleavage. Additionally, the induction of lipotoxicity and apoptosis led to enhanced shedding shown by increased levels of the soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R) in cell supernatants. Conversely, high leptin concentrations and ER stress reduced sOb-R levels. Decreased amounts of sOb-R due to ER stress were accompanied by impaired leptin signaling and reduced leptin binding. CONCLUSIONS Lipotoxicity and apoptosis increased Ob-R cleavage via ADAM10-dependent mechanisms. In contrast high leptin levels and ER stress led to reduced sOb-R levels. While increased sOb-R concentrations seem to directly block leptin action, reduced amounts of sOb-R may reflect decreased membrane expression of Ob-R. These findings could explain changes of leptin sensitivity which are associated with variations of serum sOb-R levels in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schaab
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henriette Kausch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juergen Klammt
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juergen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juergen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity-related glomerulopathy. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:608397. [PMID: 22567283 PMCID: PMC3332212 DOI: 10.1155/2012/608397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy is an increasing cause of end-stage renal disease. Obesity has been considered a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and chronic oxidative stress. Augmented inflammation in adipose and kidney tissues promotes the progression of kidney damage in obesity. Adipose tissue, which is accumulated in obesity, is a key endocrine organ that produces multiple biologically active molecules, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, that affect inflammation, and subsequent deregulation of cell function in renal glomeruli that leads to pathological changes. Oxidative stress is also associated with obesity-related renal diseases and may trigger the initiation or progression of renal damage in obesity. In this paper, we focus on inflammation and oxidative stress in the progression of obesity-related glomerulopathy and possible interventions to prevent kidney injury in obesity.
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Procaccini C, Jirillo E, Matarese G. Leptin as an immunomodulator. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:35-45. [PMID: 22040697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine that links nutritional status with neuroendocrine and immune functions. In humans, leptin influences energy homeostasis and regulates neuroendocrine function primarily in states of energy deficiency. Initially described as an antiobesity hormone, leptin has subsequently been shown also to influence basal metabolism, hematopoiesis, thermogenesis, reproduction, and angiogenesis. As a cytokine, leptin can affect thymic homeostasis and the secretion of acute-phase reactants such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Leptin links nutritional status and proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses and the decrease in leptin plasma concentration during food deprivation leads to impaired immune function. Similar to other pro-inflammatory cytokines, leptin promotes Th1-cell differentiation and can modulate the onset and progression of autoimmune responses in several animal models of disease. Here, we review the advances and controversy for a role of leptin in the pathophysiology of immune responses and discuss novel possible therapeutic implications for leptin modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Napoli, Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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15
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Itoh M, Suganami T, Nakagawa N, Tanaka M, Yamamoto Y, Kamei Y, Terai S, Sakaida I, Ogawa Y. Melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice as a novel mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:2454-63. [PMID: 21906580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity may be viewed as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that participates in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered a hepatic phenotype of the metabolic syndrome and a high risk for progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the "two hit" hypothesis suggests involvement of excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of NASH remain unclear, in part because of lack of appropriate animal models. Herein we report that melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice (MC4R-KO) develop steatohepatitis when fed a high-fat diet, which is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Histologic analysis reveals inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte ballooning, and pericellular fibrosis in the liver in MC4R-KO mice. Of note, all of the MC4R-KO mice examined developed well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma after being fed a high-fat diet for 1 year. They also demonstrated enhanced adipose tissue inflammation, ie, increased macrophage infiltration and fibrotic changes, which may contribute to excessive lipid accumulation and enhanced fibrosis in the liver. Thus, MC4R-KO mice provide a novel mouse model of NASH with which to investigate the sequence of events that make up diet-induced hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma and to aid in understanding the pathogenesis of NASH, pursuing specific biomarkers, and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Role of central leptin signaling in the starvation-induced alteration of B-cell development. J Neurosci 2011; 31:8373-80. [PMID: 21653842 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6562-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional deprivation or malnutrition suppresses immune function in humans and animals, thereby conferring higher susceptibility to infectious diseases. Indeed, nutritional deprivation induces atrophy of lymphoid tissues such as thymus and spleen and decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes. Leptin, a major adipocytokine, is exclusively produced in the adipose tissue in response to the nutritional status and acts on the hypothalamus, thereby regulating energy homeostasis. Although leptin plays a critical role in the starvation-induced T-cell-mediated immunosuppression, little is known about its role in B-cell homeostasis under starvation conditions. Here we show the alteration of B-cell development in the bone marrow of fasted mice, characterized by decrease in pro-B, pre-B, and immature B cells and increase in mature B cells. Interestingly, intracerebroventricular leptin injection was sufficient to prevent the alteration of B-cell development of fasted mice. The alteration of B lineage cells in the bone marrow of fasted mice was markedly prevented by oral administration of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 (11β-[p-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-17β-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one). It was also effectively prevented by intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptor antagonist BIBP3226 [(2R)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-[(2,2-diphenylacetyl)amino]-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pentanamide], along with suppression of the otherwise increased serum corticosterone concentrations. This study provides the first in vivo evidence for the role of central leptin signaling in the starvation-induced alteration of B-cell development. The data of this study suggest that the CNS, which is inherent to integrate information from throughout the organism, is able to control immune function.
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Satoh-Asahara N, Suganami T, Majima T, Kotani K, Kato Y, Araki R, Koyama K, Okajima T, Tanabe M, Oishi M, Himeno A, Kono S, Sugawara A, Hattori M, Ogawa Y, Shimatsu A. Urinary cystatin C as a potential risk marker for cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 6:265-73. [PMID: 21051748 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04830610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and all-cause mortality. Serum cystatin C (S-CysC), a marker of GFR, has been shown to be associated with CVD and CKD. This study was designed to elucidate the association of urinary CysC (U-CysC), a marker of renal tubular dysfunction, with CVD and CKD risk factors in patients with obesity and MS. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The U-CysC-creatinine ratio (UCCR) was examined in 343 Japanese obese outpatients enrolled in the multi-centered Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study. RESULTS UCCR was positively correlated with urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and S-CysC and negatively correlated with estimated GFR (eGFR). Among obese patients, UCCR was significantly higher in MS patients than in non-MS patients. UCCR had significant correlations with the number of components of MS and arterial stiffness, all of which are CVD predictors, similarly to UACR (P<0.05). Interestingly, diet- and exercise-induced weight reduction for 3 months significantly decreased only UCCR among all of the renal markers examined (P<0.01), in parallel with the decrease in BMI, HbA1c, and arterial stiffness, suggesting the beneficial effect of weight reduction on renal tubular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that UCCR is significantly associated with renal dysfunction, the severity of MS, arterial stiffness, and weight change in obese patients. The data of this study suggest that U-CysC could serve as a CVD and CKD risk factor in patients with obesity and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Division of Diabetic Research, Clinical Research Institute, Diabetes Center, Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
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Suganami T, Ogawa Y. Adipose tissue macrophages: their role in adipose tissue remodeling. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:33-9. [PMID: 20360405 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0210072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue secretes a large number of bioactive substances, adipocytokines, which may be involved in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Unbalanced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines seen in visceral fat obesity contributes critically to the development of the metabolic syndrome. Evidence has accumulated indicating that obesity is associated with a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation, suggesting that inflammation may be a potential mechanism, whereby obesity leads to insulin resistance. Indeed, obese adipose tissue is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, followed by increased angiogenesis, immune cell infiltration, extracellular matrix overproduction, and thus, increased production of proinflammatory adipocytokines during the progression of chronic inflammation. The dynamic change found in the adipose tissue can be referred to as "adipose tissue remodeling," in which stromal cells change dramatically in number and cell type during the course of obesity. Among stromal cells, infiltration of macrophages in the adipose tissue precedes the development of insulin resistance in animal models, suggesting that they are crucial for obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation. We have demonstrated that a paracrine loop involving saturated fatty acids and TNF-alpha derived from adipocytes and macrophages, respectively, aggravates obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Notably, saturated fatty acids, which are released from hypertrophied adipocytes via the macrophage-induced lipolysis, serve as a naturally occurring ligand for TLR4 complex, thereby activating macrophages. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying adipose tissue remodeling may lead to the identification of novel, therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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