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Gunadi JW, Tarawan VM, Setiawan I, Goenawan H, Ratnawati H, Limyati Y, Adhika OA, Santoso AW, Lesmana R, Supratman U. Adaptation of aerobic training essentially involved autophagy, mitochondrial marker and muscle fibre genetic modulation in rat cardiac muscles. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:1938-1947. [PMID: 31733001 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Information about the role of moderate acute treadmill training in modulating autophagy and mitochondrial markers that might be correlated with alteration of muscle fibre gene expression in rat cardiac muscles is very limited. In this present study, the researchers divided twenty male Wistar rats into four groups: sedentary control, 3, 6 and 15 days and subjected them to treadmill training with moderate intensity (20 m/min), 30 min each day. RNA was extracted from cardiac muscles and stored in temperature of -80°C. Specific primers were utilized for semi-quantitative PCR. Treadmill training decreased autophagy-related gene expression (LC3, p62) and upper stream signalling of autophagy (PIK3CA, Akt and mTOR) in 3 and 6 d, but stimulated gene expression of mitochondrial markers (PGC1α, Cox1, Cox2 and Cox4) in 15 days. αMHC gene expression increased while βMHC gene expression decreased in 15 days. In line with this, autophagy-related genes increased in 3 and 6 days and returned to baseline in 15 days. The increment in mitochondrial gene expression might be correlated with shifting gene expression of αMHC and βMHC in 15 days. Taken together, acute adaptation in cardiac muscles is stimulated by genetic modulation of autophagy, mitochondrial marker and muscle fibre that may explain physiological cardiac adaptation after training. This study can be used as a reference for optimizing performance in period of cardiac muscle adaptation stimulated by treadmill training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia.,Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Vita Murniati Tarawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Setiawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Yenni Limyati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Immanuel Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Oeij Anindita Adhika
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Wardono Santoso
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Siloam Hospital Lippo Cikarang, Bekasi, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Potucek P, Radik M, Doka G, Kralova E, Krenek P, Klimas J. Combination treatment with valsartan and amlodipine intensifies evening suppression of Bmal1 clock gene in kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/afpuc-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) rhythm is exhibited in a circadian pattern regulated by complex system of endogenous factors. Administration of pharmacological treatment at the right time can influence the efficacy of treatment; but while kidneys play significant role in BP regulation, little is known about their role in chronopharmacotherapy. This study aimed to compare differences between morning and evening dosing with valsartan and amlodipine combination in both short-term and long-term settings and to elucidate the role of kidneys in chronopharmacology. Spontaneously hypertensive rats aged between 8 and 10 weeks were daily treated with 10mg/kg of valsartan and 4 mg/kg of amlodipine, either in the morning or in the evening with treatment duration of 1 and 6 weeks. After short-term treatment, only morning treatment group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in terms of BP control when compared to placebo. After long-term treatment, both treatment groups gained superior results in BP control against placebo; however, no significant difference was seen between morning and evening treatment. Interestingly, clock gene expression in kidney has been significantly modulated only in the evening-treated groups, with treatment intensifying the reduced Bmal1 levels, while Per2 expression was less altered. However, no direct relation with the outcomes of the therapy has been observed, suggesting that pharmacotherapy may serve as an independent modulator of peripheral circadian clock in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Potucek
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - M. Radik
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - G. Doka
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - E. Kralova
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - P. Krenek
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - J. Klimas
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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