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Hernaández-Esquivel AA, Castro-Mercado E, Valencia-Cantero E, Alexandre G, García-Pineda E. Application of Azospirillum brasilense Lipopolysaccharides to Promote Early Wheat Plant Growth and Analysis of Related Biochemical Responses. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.579976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Spanò D, Pospiskova K, Safarik I, Pisano MB, Pintus F, Floris G, Medda R. Chitinase III in Euphorbia characias latex: Purification and characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 116:152-8. [PMID: 26318237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the purification of a class III endochitinase from Euphorbia characias latex. Described purification method includes an effective novel separation step using magnetic chitin particles. Application of magnetic affinity adsorbent noticeably simplifies and shortens the purification procedure. This step and the subsequently DEAE-cellulose chromatography enable to obtain the chitinase in homogeneous form. One protein band is present on PAGE in non-denaturing conditions and SDS-PAGE profile reveals a unique protein band of 36.5 ± 2 kDa. The optimal chitinase activity is observed at 50 °C, pH 5.0. E. characias latex chitinase is able to hydrolyze colloidal chitin giving, as reaction products, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, chitobiose and chitotriose. Moreover, we observed that calcium and magnesium ions enhance chitinase activity. Finally, we cloned the cDNA encoding the E. characias latex chitinase. The partial cDNA nucleotide sequence contains 762 bp, and the deduced amino acid sequence (254 amino acids) is homologous to the sequence of several plant class III endochitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Spanò
- Department of Sciences of Life and Environment, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Kristyna Pospiskova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Safarik
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Nanobiology and Structural Biology of GCRC, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Barbara Pisano
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Francesca Pintus
- Department of Sciences of Life and Environment, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Floris
- Department of Sciences of Life and Environment, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Rosaria Medda
- Department of Sciences of Life and Environment, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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Plieth C, Vollbehr S. Calcium promotes activity and confers heat stability on plant peroxidases. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012. [PMID: 22580695 DOI: 10.1111/psb.20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate how peroxidase (PO) activities and their heat stability correlate with the availability of free Ca(2+) ions. Calcium ions work as a molecular switch for PO activity and exert a protective function, rendering POs heat stable. The concentration ranges of these two activities differ markedly. POs are activated by µM Ca(2+) concentration ranges, whereas heat stabilization is observed in the nM range. This suggests the existence of different Ca(2+) binding sites. The heat stability of POs depends on the source plant species. Terrestrial plants have POs that exhibit higher temperature stability than those POs from limnic and marine plants. Different POs from a single species can differ in terms of heat stability. The abundance of different POs within a plant is dependent on age and developmental stage. The heat stability of a PO does not necessarily correlate with the maximum temperature the source species is usually exposed to in its natural habitat. This raises questions on the role of POs in the heat tolerance of plants. Consequently, detailed investigations are needed to identify and characterize individual POs, with regard to their genetic origin, subcellular expression, tissue abundance, developmental emergence and their functions in innate and acquired heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Plieth
- Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Plieth C, Vollbehr S. Calcium promotes activity and confers heat stability on plant peroxidases. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:650-60. [PMID: 22580695 PMCID: PMC3442860 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate how peroxidase (PO) activities and their heat stability correlate with the availability of free Ca(2+) ions. Calcium ions work as a molecular switch for PO activity and exert a protective function, rendering POs heat stable. The concentration ranges of these two activities differ markedly. POs are activated by µM Ca(2+) concentration ranges, whereas heat stabilization is observed in the nM range. This suggests the existence of different Ca(2+) binding sites. The heat stability of POs depends on the source plant species. Terrestrial plants have POs that exhibit higher temperature stability than those POs from limnic and marine plants. Different POs from a single species can differ in terms of heat stability. The abundance of different POs within a plant is dependent on age and developmental stage. The heat stability of a PO does not necessarily correlate with the maximum temperature the source species is usually exposed to in its natural habitat. This raises questions on the role of POs in the heat tolerance of plants. Consequently, detailed investigations are needed to identify and characterize individual POs, with regard to their genetic origin, subcellular expression, tissue abundance, developmental emergence and their functions in innate and acquired heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Plieth
- Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Pintus F, Spanò D, Bellelli A, Angelucci F, Forte E, Medda R, Floris G. Nitric oxide, substrate of Euphorbia characias peroxidase, switches off the CN(-) inhibitory effect. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:305-12. [PMID: 23772363 PMCID: PMC3678129 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) by Euphorbia characias latex peroxidase (ELP-FeIII), in the presence or in the absence of added calcium, has been investigated. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the native enzyme leads to the formation of Compound I and serves to catalyse the NO oxidation. The addition of NO to Compound I leads to the formation of Compound II and, afterwards, to the native enzyme spectrum. Under anaerobic conditions, the incubation of the native enzyme (ELP-FeIII)with NO leads to the formation of the stable complex, showing a characteristic absorption spectrum (ELP-FeII–NO+). The rate of the formation of this complex is slower in the presence of calcium than in its absence, and the same applies to the rate of the formation of Compound II from Compound I, using NO as substrate. Finally, we demonstrate that NO protects ELP from the inactivation caused by CN−via a mechanism presumably requiring the formation of an enzyme-nitrosyl cyanide complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pintus
- Department of Sciences of Life and Environment, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Pintus F, Spanò D, Medda R, Floris G. Calcium ions and a secreted peroxidase in Euphorbia characias latex are made for each other. Protein J 2011; 30:115-23. [PMID: 21293912 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This minireview deals of a protein, a class III secreted peroxidase, present as unique isoform in the latex of the perennial Mediterranean shrub Euphorbia characias. The paper reports on the molecular properties, on the structures (primary, secondary and tertiary), and on the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. Here is also reported the extraordinary effect of calcium ions on the structure and on the enzyme activity of Euphorbia peroxidase. These ions can either enhance the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme toward some substrates or can regulate the ability of the enzyme to execute different metabolic pathways toward the same substrate. This review will give a valuable reference to the peroxidase fans and the general readers will find many thorough suggestions for future researches giving birth to new studies and important discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pintus
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Pintus F, Spanò D, Bellelli A, Angelucci F, Scorciapino AM, Anedda R, Medda R, Floris G. Euphorbia Peroxidase Catalyzes Thiocyanate Oxidation in Two Different Ways, the Distal Calcium Ion Playing an Essential Role. Biochemistry 2010; 49:8739-47. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1007854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pintus
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Delia Spanò
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea M. Scorciapino
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Anedda
- Porto Conte Ricerche srl, Loc. Tramariglio, I-07041 Alghero (SS), Italy
| | - Rosaria Medda
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Floris
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Mura A, Pintus F, Fais A, Porcu S, Corda M, Spanò D, Medda R, Floris G. Tyramine oxidation by copper/TPQ amine oxidase and peroxidase from Euphorbia characias latex. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 475:18-24. [PMID: 18423366 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyramine, an important plant intermediate, was found to be a substrate for two proteins, a copper amine oxidase and a peroxidase from Euphorbia characias latex. The oxidation of tyramine took place by two different mechanisms: oxidative deamination to p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde by the amine oxidase and formation of di-tyramine by the peroxidase. The di-tyramine was further oxidized at the two amino groups by the amino oxidase, whereas p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde was transformed to di-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde by the peroxidase. Data obtained in this study indicate a new interesting scenario in the metabolism of tyramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mura
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Pintus F, Mura A, Bellelli A, Arcovito A, Spanò D, Pintus A, Floris G, Medda R. Allosteric modulation of Euphorbia peroxidase by nickel ions. FEBS J 2008; 275:1201-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Freitas CDT, Oliveira JS, Miranda MRA, Macedo NMR, Sales MP, Villas-Boas LA, Ramos MV. Enzymatic activities and protein profile of latex from Calotropis procera. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2007; 45:781-9. [PMID: 17888673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The laticifer fluid of Calotropis procera is rich in proteins and there is evidence that they are involved in the pharmacological properties of the latex. However, not much is known about how the latex-containing proteins are produced or their functions. In this study, laticifer proteins of C. procera were pooled and examined by 1D and 2D electrophoresis, masses spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and characterized in respect of proteolytic activity and oxidative enzymes. Soluble laticifer proteins were predominantly composed of basic proteins (PI>6.0) with molecular masses varying between 5 and 95 kDa. Proteins with a molecular mass of approximately 26,000 Da were more evident. Strong anti-oxidative activity of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) (1007.74+/-91.89 Ug(-1)DM) and, to a lesser extent ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.1) (0.117(d)+/-0.013 microMol H(2)O(2)g(-1)min(-1)), were detected. However, catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) was absent. The strong proteolytic activities of laticifer proteins from C. procera were shown to be shared by at least four distinct cysteine proteinases (EC 3.4.22.16) that were isolated by gel filtration chromatography. Serine and metaloproteinases were not detected and aspartic proteinase activities were barely visible. Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) were also isolated in a chitin column and their activities quantified. The presence of these enzymatic activities in latex from C. procera may confirm their involvement in resistance to phytopathogens and insects, mainly in its leaves where the latex circulates abundantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson Diniz T Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60451-970, Brazil
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