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Selenium, Stroke, and Infection: A Threefold Relationship; Where Do We Stand and Where Do We Go? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061405. [PMID: 36986135 PMCID: PMC10054895 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is currently the second most common cause of death worldwide and a major cause of serious long-term morbidity. Selenium is a trace element with pleotropic effects on human health. Selenium deficiency has been associated with a prothrombotic state and poor immune response, particularly during infection. Our aim was to synthesize current evidence on the tripartite interrelationship between selenium levels, stroke, and infection. Although evidence is contradictory, most studies support the association between lower serum selenium levels and stroke risk and outcomes. Conversely, limited evidence on the role of selenium supplementation in stroke indicates a potentially beneficial effect of selenium. Notably, the relationship between stroke risk and selenium levels is bimodal rather than linear, with higher levels of serum selenium linked to disturbances of glucose metabolism and high blood pressure, morbidities which are, in turn, substrates for stroke. Another such substrate is an infection, albeit forming a bidirectional relationship with both stroke and the consequences of impaired selenium metabolism. Perturbed selenium homeostasis leads to impaired immune fitness and antioxidant capacity, which both favor infection and inflammation; specific pathogens may also contend with the host for transcriptional control of the selenoproteome, adding a feed-forward loop to this described process. Broader consequences of infection such as endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulation, and emergent cardiac dysfunction both provide stroke substrates and further feed-forward feedback to the consequences of deficient selenium metabolism. In this review, we provide a synthesis and interpretation of these outlined complex interrelationships that link selenium, stroke, and infection and attempt to decipher their potential impact on human health and disease. Selenium and the unique properties of its proteome could provide both biomarkers and treatment options in patients with stroke, infection, or both.
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Zhang C, Qiu Z, Zhang L, Pang Q, Yang Z, Qin JK, Liang H, Zhao S. Design and synthesis of a ratiometric photoacoustic imaging probe activated by selenol for visual monitoring of pathological progression of autoimmune hepatitis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4883-4888. [PMID: 34163738 PMCID: PMC8179563 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06573k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with both the high contrast of optical imaging and the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging has been regarded as a robust biomedical imaging technique. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is the second largest liver inflammatory disease after viral hepatitis, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood probably due to the lack of an effective in vivo monitoring approach. In this work, an innovative selenol-activated ratiometric PA imaging probe APSel was developed for visual monitoring of pathological progress of AIH. Selenols including selenocysteine (Sec, the major form of Se-containing species in vivo) have been demonstrated to have an effective antioxidant role in inflammation. The reaction of APSel with selenol results in a blue shift of the PA spectrum peak from 860 nm to 690 nm, which enables the ratiometric PA imaging. The APSel probe displays high sensitivity and selectivity to Sec and other selenols. The APSel probe was then employed for ratiometric PA imaging of selenol in cells, and for monitoring the development of AIH in a murine model by tracking the changes of selenol level. The results revealed that the level of selenol was closely correlated with the development of AIH. The proposed APSel, as the first example of a selenol-responsive PA imaging probe, provides a new tool and approach to study and diagnose AIH diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Qiufang Pang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Jiang-Ke Qin
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 China
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Serum Selenium Status as a Diagnostic Marker for the Prognosis of Liver Transplantation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020619. [PMID: 33672988 PMCID: PMC7918136 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is taken up from the diet and is metabolized mainly by hepatocytes. Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) constitutes the liver-derived Se transporter. Biosynthesis of extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) in kidney depends on SELENOP-mediated Se supply. We hypothesized that peri-operative Se status may serve as a useful prognostic marker for the outcome in patients undergoing liver transplantation due to hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum samples from liver cancer patients were routinely collected before and after transplantation. Concentrations of serum SELENOP and total Se as well as GPx3 activity were determined by standardized tests and related to survival, etiology of cirrhosis/carcinoma, preoperative neutrophiles, lymphocytes, thyrotropin (TSH) and Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. A total of 221 serum samples from 79 transplanted patients were available for analysis. The Se and SELENOP concentrations were on average below the reference ranges of healthy subjects. Patients with ethanol toxicity-dependent etiology showed particularly low SELENOP and Se concentrations and GPx3 activity. Longitudinal analysis indicated declining Se concentrations in non-survivors. We conclude that severe liver disease necessitating organ replacement is characterized by a pronounced Se deficit before, during and after transplantation. A recovering Se status after surgery is associated with positive prognosis, and an adjuvant Se supplementation may, thus, support convalescence.
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Murphy JM, Gaertner AA, Williams T, McMillen CD, Powell BA, Brumaghim JL. Stability constant determination of sulfur and selenium amino acids with Cu(II) and Fe(II). J Inorg Biochem 2019; 195:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bittencourt PL, Cançado ELR, Couto CA, Levy C, Porta G, Silva AEB, Terrabuio DRB, Carvalho Filho RJD, Chaves DM, Miura IK, Codes L, Faria LC, Evangelista AS, Farias AQ, Gonçalves LL, Harriz M, Lopes Neto EPA, Luz GO, Oliveira P, Oliveira EMGD, Schiavon JLN, Seva-Pereira T, Parise ER, Parise ER. Brazilian society of hepatology recommendations for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases of the liver. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2015; 52 Suppl 1:15-46. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032015000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In order to draw evidence-based recommendations concerning the management of autoimmune diseases of the liver, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology has sponsored a single-topic meeting in October 18th, 2014 at São Paulo. An organizing committee comprised of seven investigators was previously elected by the Governing Board to organize the scientific agenda as well as to select twenty panelists to make a systematic review of the literature and to present topics related to the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and their overlap syndromes. After the meeting, all panelists gathered together for the discussion of the topics and the elaboration of those recommendations. The text was subsequently submitted for suggestions and approval of all members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology through its homepage. The present paper is the final version of the reviewed manuscript organized in topics, followed by the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology.
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Cancado ELR, Abrantes-Lemos CP, Terrabuio DRB. The importance of autoantibody detection in autoimmune hepatitis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:222. [PMID: 26029208 PMCID: PMC4429613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luiz Rachid Cancado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Gastroenterology and Clinical Hepatology of Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil ; Laboratory of Immunopathology of Schistosomiasis, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil ; Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Clarice Pires Abrantes-Lemos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of Schistosomiasis, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil ; Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Debora Raquel B Terrabuio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Gastroenterology and Clinical Hepatology of Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
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Kapila N, Higa JT, Longhi MS, Robson SC. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Clinical Review with Insights into the Purinergic Mechanism of Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2013; 1:79-86. [PMID: 26356124 PMCID: PMC4521285 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2013.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an important disorder that predominantly results in inflammatory liver disease in genetically predisposed women. The clinicopathological picture is characterized by symptoms associated with both systemic inflammation and hepatic dysfunction, and with increased serum aminotransferases, elevated IgG, autoantibodies, and interface hepatitis on liver biopsy. AIH usually results in liver injury as a consequence of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. However, rarely, patients may present with fulminant liver failure. Early diagnosis is important in all instances because the disease can be highly responsive to immunosuppressive therapeutic options. Left untreated, the disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on AIH and summarize the treatment options for this serious condition in adults. We also discuss the pathogenesis of the disease as a possible consequence of autoimmunity and the breakdown of hepatic tolerance. We focus on regulatory T cell impairments as a consequence of changes in CD39 ectonucleotidase expression and altered purinergic signaling. Further understanding of hepatic tolerance may aid in the development of specific and well-tolerated therapies for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kapila
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jennifer T. Higa
- Gastroenterology Division and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Gastroenterology Division and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Gastroenterology Division and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhao HD, Zhang WG, Sun MN, Duan QF, Li FL, Li H. The role of Sep (O-phosphoserine) tRNA: Sec (selenocysteine) synthase (SEPSECS) in proliferation, apoptosis and hormone secretion of trophoblast cells. Placenta 2013; 34:967-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Raman AV, Pitts MW, Seyedali A, Hashimoto AC, Bellinger FP, Berry MJ. Selenoprotein W expression and regulation in mouse brain and neurons. Brain Behav 2013; 3:562-74. [PMID: 24392277 PMCID: PMC3869984 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenoprotein W (Sepw1) is a selenium-containing protein that is abundant in brain and muscle of vertebrate animals. Muscular expression of Sepw1 is reduced by dietary selenium (Se) deficiency in mammals, whereas brain expression is maintained. However, expression of Sepw1 depends on the Se transporter selenoprotein P (Sepp1). Methods We assessed the regional and cellular expression of Sepw1 in the mouse brain and neuronal cultures. Results We found that Sepw1 is widespread in neurons and neuropil of mouse brain and appears in both the soma and processes of neurons in culture. Pyramidal neurons of cortex and hippocampus express high levels of Sepw1. It is also abundant in Purkinje neurons and their dendritic arbors in the cerebellum. Analysis of synaptosome fractions prepared from mice brains indicated that Sepw1 is present at synapses, as were several proteins involved in selenoprotein synthesis. Synaptic expression of Sepw1 expression is reduced in mice lacking Sepp1 compared with control mice, although selenoprotein synthesis factors were similarly expressed in both genotypes. Lastly, Sepw1 mRNA coimmunoprecipitates with Staufen 2 protein in a human neuronal cell line. Conclusions Our results suggest that Sepw1 may be locally synthesized in distal compartments of neurons including synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun V Raman
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ali Seyedali
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ann C Hashimoto
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Frederick P Bellinger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Marla J Berry
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii
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Abstract
Selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid, has been found in 25 human selenoproteins and selenoenzymes important for fundamental cellular processes ranging from selenium homeostasis maintenance to the regulation of the overall metabolic rate. In all organisms that contain selenocysteine, both the synthesis of selenocysteine and its incorporation into a selenoprotein requires an elaborate synthetic and translational apparatus, which does not resemble the canonical enzymatic system employed for the 20 standard amino acids. In humans, three synthetic enzymes, a specialized elongation factor, an accessory protein factor, two catabolic enzymes, a tRNA, and a stem-loop structure in the selenoprotein mRNA are critical for ensuring that only selenocysteine is attached to selenocysteine tRNA and that only selenocysteine is inserted into the nascent polypeptide in response to a context-dependent UGA codon. The abnormal selenium homeostasis and mutations in selenoprotein genes have been causatively linked to a variety of human diseases, which, in turn, sparked a renewed interest in utilizing selenium as the dietary supplement to either prevent or remedy pathologic conditions. In contrast, the importance of the components of the selenocysteine-synthetic machinery for human health is less clear. Emerging evidence suggests that enzymes responsible for selenocysteine formation and decoding the selenocysteine UGA codon, which by extension are critical for synthesis of the entire selenoproteome, are essential for the development and health of the human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lohse AW, Wiegard C. Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 25:665-71. [PMID: 22117633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of autoimmune hepatitis is very wide. In addition, autoimmune hepatitis can present in any age group. Diagnosis is usually made by a combination of clinical, laboratory and histological features. Diagnostic scores can help both in the daily diagnostic work-up of patients, and in allowing comparability of clinical scientific studies. However, all diagnostic scores have limitations in individual cases, which are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Sherrer RL, Araiso Y, Aldag C, Ishitani R, Ho JML, Söll D, Nureki O. C-terminal domain of archaeal O-phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase displays large-scale motion to bind the 7-bp D-stem of archaeal tRNA(Sec). Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:1034-41. [PMID: 20870747 PMCID: PMC3035459 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
O-Phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase (PSTK) is the key enzyme in recruiting selenocysteine (Sec) to the genetic code of archaea and eukaryotes. The enzyme phosphorylates Ser-tRNA(Sec) to produce O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) (Sep-tRNA(Sec)) that is then converted to Sec-tRNA(Sec) by Sep-tRNA:Sec-tRNA synthase. Earlier we reported the structure of the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii PSTK (MjPSTK) complexed with AMPPNP. This study presents the crystal structure (at 2.4-Å resolution) of MjPSTK complexed with an anticodon-stem/loop truncated tRNA(Sec) (Mj*tRNA(Sec)), a good enzyme substrate. Mj*tRNA(Sec) is bound between the enzyme's C-terminal domain (CTD) and N-terminal kinase domain (NTD) that are connected by a flexible 11 amino acid linker. Upon Mj*tRNA(Sec) recognition the CTD undergoes a 62-Å movement to allow proper binding of the 7-bp D-stem. This large reorganization of the PSTK quaternary structure likely provides a means by which the unique tRNA(Sec) species can be accurately recognized with high affinity by the translation machinery. However, while the NTD recognizes the tRNA acceptor helix, shortened versions of MjPSTK (representing only 60% of the original size, in which the entire CTD, linker loop and an adjacent NTD helix are missing) are still active in vivo and in vitro, albeit with reduced activity compared to the full-length enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lynn Sherrer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA
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Heinz DW, Betzel C, Wilmanns M. Highlight: Of Systems and Structures. Biol Chem 2010; 391:717-8. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
No abstract available
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