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Wang S, Fang R, Wang H, Li X, Xing J, Li Z, Song N. The role of transcriptional regulators in metal ion homeostasis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1360880. [PMID: 38529472 PMCID: PMC10961391 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1360880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are essential trace elements for all living organisms and play critical catalytic, structural, and allosteric roles in many enzymes and transcription factors. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), as an intracellular pathogen, is usually found in host macrophages, where the bacterium can survive and replicate. One of the reasons why Tuberculosis (TB) is so difficult to eradicate is the continuous adaptation of its pathogen. It is capable of adapting to a wide range of harsh environmental stresses, including metal ion toxicity in the host macrophages. Altering the concentration of metal ions is the common host strategy to limit MTB replication and persistence. This review mainly focuses on transcriptional regulatory proteins in MTB that are involved in the regulation of metal ions such as iron, copper and zinc. The aim is to offer novel insights and strategies for screening targets for TB treatment, as well as for the development and design of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ren Fang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiayin Xing
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhaoli Li
- Drug Innovation Research Center, SAFE Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Song
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Drug Therapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Mazzoli A, Spagnuolo MS, Nazzaro M, Gatto C, Iossa S, Cigliano L. Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:487. [PMID: 33804637 PMCID: PMC8003595 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Young age is often characterized by high consumption of processed foods and fruit juices rich in fructose, which, besides inducing a tendency to become overweight, can promote alterations in brain function. The aim of this study was therefore to (a) clarify brain effects resulting from fructose consumption in juvenile age, a critical phase for brain development, and (b) verify whether these alterations can be rescued after removing fructose from the diet. Young rats were fed a fructose-rich or control diet for 3 weeks. Fructose-fed rats were then fed a control diet for a further 3 weeks. We evaluated mitochondrial bioenergetics by high-resolution respirometry in the hippocampus, a brain area that is critically involved in learning and memory. Glucose transporter-5, fructose and uric acid levels, oxidative status, and inflammatory and synaptic markers were investigated by Western blotting and spectrophotometric or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A short-term fructose-rich diet induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, associated with an increased concentration of inflammatory markers and decreased Neurofilament-M and post-synaptic density protein 95. These alterations, except for increases in haptoglobin and nitrotyrosine, were recovered by returning to a control diet. Overall, our results point to the dangerous effects of excessive consumption of fructose in young age but also highlight the effect of partial recovery by switching back to a control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Martina Nazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.N.); (C.G.); (S.I.)
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Tamara S, Franc V, Heck AJR. A wealth of genotype-specific proteoforms fine-tunes hemoglobin scavenging by haptoglobin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15554-15564. [PMID: 32561649 PMCID: PMC7355005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002483117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum haptoglobin protein (Hp) scavenges toxic hemoglobin (Hb) leaked into the bloodstream from erythrocytes. In humans, there are two frequently occurring allelic forms of Hp, resulting in three genotypes: Homozygous Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-2, and heterozygous Hp 2-1. The Hp genetic polymorphism has an intriguing effect on the quaternary structure of Hp. The simplest form, Hp 1-1, forms dimers consisting of two α1β units, connected by disulfide bridges. Hp 2-1 forms mixtures of linear (α1)2(α2)n-2(β)n oligomers (n > 1) while Hp 2-2 occurs in cyclic (α2)n(β)n oligomers (n > 2). Different Hp genotypes bind Hb with different affinities, with Hp 2-2 being the weakest binder. This behavior has a significant influence on Hp's antioxidant capacity, with potentially distinctive personalized clinical consequences. Although Hp has been studied extensively in the past, the finest molecular details of the observed differences in interactions between Hp and Hb are not yet fully understood. Here, we determined the full proteoform profiles and proteoform assemblies of all three most common genetic Hp variants. We combined several state-of-the-art analytical methods, including various forms of chromatography, mass photometry, and different tiers of mass spectrometry, to reveal how the tens to hundreds distinct proteoforms and their assemblies influence Hp's capacity for Hb binding. We extend the current knowledge by showing that Hb binding does not just depend on the donor's genotype, but is also affected by variations in Hp oligomerization, glycosylation, and proteolytic processing of the Hp α-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vojtech Franc
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common and complex posttranslation modifications that significantly influences protein structure and function. However, linking individual glycan structures to protein interactions remains challenging and typically requires multiple techniques. Here, we establish a mass-spectrometric approach to systematically dissect the microheterogeneity of two important serum proteins, α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin, and relate glycan features to drug and protein-binding interaction kinetics. We found that the degree of N-glycan branching and extent of terminal fucosylation can attenuate or enhance these interactions, providing important insight into drug transport in plasma. Our study demonstrates an approach capable of investigating how protein glycosylation fine-tunes protein–drug interactions at the glycan-specific level and will prove universally useful for studying glycoprotein interactions. Altered glycosylation patterns of plasma proteins are associated with autoimmune disorders and pathogenesis of various cancers. Elucidating glycoprotein microheterogeneity and relating subtle changes in the glycan structural repertoire to changes in protein–protein, or protein–small molecule interactions, remains a significant challenge in glycobiology. Here, we apply mass spectrometry-based approaches to elucidate the global and site-specific microheterogeneity of two plasma proteins: α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (Hp). We then determine the dissociation constants of the anticoagulant warfarin to different AGP glycoforms and reveal how subtle N-glycan differences, namely, increased antennae branching and terminal fucosylation, reduce drug-binding affinity. Conversely, similar analysis of the haptoglobin–hemoglobin (Hp–Hb) complex reveals the contrary effects of fucosylation and N-glycan branching on Hp–Hb interactions. Taken together, our results not only elucidate how glycoprotein microheterogeneity regulates protein–drug/protein interactions but also inform the pharmacokinetics of plasma proteins, many of which are drug targets, and whose glycosylation status changes in various disease states.
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Sun C, Liu J, Li W, Xu G, Yang N. Divergent Proteome Patterns of Egg Albumen from Domestic Chicken, Duck, Goose, Turkey, Quail and Pigeon. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Junnian Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
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McDermid JM, Hennig BJ, van der Sande M, Hill AVS, Whittle HC, Jaye A, Prentice AM. Host iron redistribution as a risk factor for incident tuberculosis in HIV infection: an 11-year retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:48. [PMID: 23360117 PMCID: PMC3568026 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying people at higher risk of developing tuberculosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may improve clinical management of co-infections. Iron influences tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis, but understanding the exact mechanisms of how and timing of when iron is involved remains challenging since biological samples are rarely available from the disease susceptibility period due to the difficulty in predicting in who and when, if ever, TB will develop. The objective of this research was to determine how host iron status measured at HIV diagnosis and genotypes related to host iron metabolism were associated with incident TB. METHODS Archived clinical data, plasma and DNA were analyzed from 1139 adult participants in a large HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual seroprevalent cohort based at the Medical Research Council Laboratories in The Gambia. Incident pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary TB diagnoses a minimum of 28 days after HIV diagnosis were independently re-confirmed using available evidence (n=152). Multiple host iron status biomarkers, Haptoglobin and solute carrier family 11, member 1 (SLC11A1) genotypes were modeled to characterize how indicators of host iron metabolism were associated with TB susceptibility. RESULTS Hemoglobin (incidence rate ratio, IRR=0.88, 95% CI=0.79-0.98), plasma transferrin (IRR=0.53, 0.33-0.84) and ferritin (IRR=1.26, 1.05-1.51) were significantly associated with TB after adjusting for TB susceptibility factors. While genotype associations were not statistically significant, SLC11A1 associations replicated similar directions as reported in HIV-seronegative meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of host iron redistribution at HIV diagnosis was associated with incident TB, and genetic influences on iron homeostasis may be involved. Low hemoglobin was associated with subsequent diagnosis of TB, but when considered in combination with additional iron status biomarkers, the collective findings point to a mechanism whereby anemia and iron redistribution are likely due to viral and/or bacteria-driven processes and the host immune response to infection. As a result, iron supplementation may not be efficacious or safe under these circumstances. Clinical and nutritional management of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infected individuals, especially in regions where food insecurity and malnutrition co-exist, may be further improved when the iron-related TB risk factors identified here are better understood and managed to favor host rather than pathogen outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann M McDermid
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 310 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Branwen J Hennig
- Medical Research Council International Nutrition Group, Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom and Medical Research Council, Keneba, The Gambia
| | - Marianne van der Sande
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Centre of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands and Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian VS Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Assan Jaye
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council International Nutrition Group, Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom and Medical Research Council, Keneba, The Gambia
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Maresca B, Cigliano L, Spagnuolo MS, Dal Piaz F, Corsaro MM, Balato N, Nino M, Balato A, Ayala F, Abrescia P. Differences between the glycosylation patterns of haptoglobin isolated from skin scales and plasma of psoriatic patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52040. [PMID: 23272204 PMCID: PMC3525549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved diagnosis of psoriasis, by new biomarkers, is required for evaluating the progression rate of the disease and the response to treatment. Haptoglobin (Hpt), a glycoprotein secreted by hepatocytes and other types of cells including keratinocytes, was found with glycan changes in psoriasis and other diseases. We previously reported that Hpt isolated from plasma of psoriatic patients is more fucosylated than Hpt of healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the glycosylation pattern of Hpt isolated from skin scales or plasma of patients with psoriasis with that of Hpt from cornified epidermal layer or plasma of healthy subjects. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the glycans isolated from the protein backbone revealed that glycan patterns from skin and plasma of patients were similar, and mostly displayed quantitative rather than qualitative differences from normal pattern. Biotin-labeled lectins were used to evaluate quantitative differences in the glycoforms of Hpt from plasma and psoriatic skin scales. Hpt from skin and plasma of patients showed more fucosylated and branched glycans than Hpt from plasma of healthy subjects. Tryptic glycopeptides of Hpt were also analyzed by mass spectrometry, and a decreased amount of sialylated glycan chains was found in glycopeptides of skin Hpt, as compared with Hpt from plasma. High levels of glycans with fucosylated and tetra-antennary chains were detected on the peptide NLFLNHSENATAK from Hpt of psoriatic patients. Our data demonstrate that specific changes in glycan structures of Hpt, such as enhanced glycan branching and fucose content, are associated with psoriasis, and that differences between circulating and skin Hpt do exist. A lower extent of glycan fucosylation and branching was found in Hpt from plasma of patients in disease remission. Altered glycoforms might reflect changes of Hpt function in the skin, and could be used as markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardetta Maresca
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
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