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Toselli S, Rinaldo N, Mauro M, Grigoletto A, Zaccagni L. Body Image Perception in Adolescents: The Role of Sports Practice and Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215119. [PMID: 36429834 PMCID: PMC9690021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about weight and body image are common among adolescents, as adolescence represents a time of intense and rapid change. This cross-sectional study assessed the difference in body image perception by sex, weight status and sports practice in a sample of Italians aged 13-18 years. For this purpose, we considered a sample of 140 adolescents subdivided into two groups: a group of sports-playing teenagers practicing volleyball (39 males and 26 females), and a group of teenagers not actively involved in sports (24 males and 51 females). Body mass index (BMI), body image variables, and sports practice were examined. Due to COVID-19 limitations, height and weight were self-reported and BMI was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters). Body image perception was assessed by the short version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14) and by the Stunkard Body Silhouette Chart. Two-way ANCOVAs adjusted for age were performed to test the differences between sexes and sports groups. Adolescent volleyball players had a lower incidence of weight disorders. Weight status significantly differed between those who played sports and those who did not, but there was no significant difference in weight status between sexes. On the whole, sports players and males showed higher results than non-sports players and females. The highest level of body image dissatisfaction was found in non-sports-playing females, while sports-playing males showed the lowest. The present study confirms the positive link between sport and body image and can be of support to lead adolescents to adopt a healthier and more active lifestyle. Further research is needed to validate our findings through a longitudinal study during the entire period of adolescence. In addition, it would be interesting to validate the results on a larger sample, also taking into account socio-demographic variables and including athletes engaged in different types of sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toselli
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Mauro
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Alessia Grigoletto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
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Stabelini Neto A, dos Santos GC, da Silva JM, Correa RC, da Mata LBF, Barbosa RDO, Zampier Ulbrich A, Kennedy SG, Lubans DR. Improving physical activity behaviors, physical fitness, cardiometabolic and mental health in adolescents - ActTeens Program: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272629. [PMID: 35944003 PMCID: PMC9362910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This trial aims to investigate the effects of the ActTeens physical activity program, on adolescents’ physical activity level, health-related fitness, cardiometabolic and mental health. The trial will aim to recruit ~140 adolescents (aged 13–14 years). Participants will be randomized into either intervention or control groups. The intervention will be guided by social cognitive theory and self-determination theory and implemented over one school term (24-weeks). The ActTeens Program will include: (1) structured physical activity sessions delivered within physical education, including movement-based games and dynamic stretching warm-ups; resistance training skill development; high-intensity training workouts; and cool-downs; (2) self-monitoring plus goal setting for physical activity by pedometer-smart wearable; and (3) healthy lifestyle guidance (social support) by WhatsApp® messages about healthy eating and regular physical activity for the intervention and parents groups. Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 24-weeks from baseline, and 12-months from baseline. Physical activity (accelerometer) is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiometabolic profile, and mental health. A process evaluation will be conducted (i.e., recruitment, retention, attendance, and program satisfaction). This project will have the potential to address many questions and debates regarding the implementation of physical activity interventions in low-and- middle-income countries. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05070377. Registered on 7 October 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Stabelini Neto
- Health Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Géssika Castilho dos Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education Associate UEM/UEL, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Jadson Marcio da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education Associate UEM/UEL, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renan Camargo Correa
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education Associate UEM/UEL, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena B. F. da Mata
- Health Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de O. Barbosa
- Health Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil
| | - Anderson Zampier Ulbrich
- Health Sciences Sector, Department of Integrated Medicine, Research Group in Exercise Medicine (MedEx), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sarah G. Kennedy
- Health and Physical Education, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - David R. Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Casado-Robles C, Viciana J, Guijarro-Romero S, Mayorga-Vega D. Effects of Consumer-Wearable Activity Tracker-Based Programs on Objectively Measured Daily Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:18. [PMID: 35099630 PMCID: PMC8804065 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background The popularity of consumer-wearable activity trackers has led the scientific community to conduct an increasing number of intervention studies integrating them to promote physical activity (PA) and to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) levels among school-aged children. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate the effects of consumer-wearable activity tracker-based programs on daily objectively measured PA and SB among apparently healthy school-aged children, as well as to compare the influence of participants’ and programs’ characteristics. Methods Eligibility criteria were: (1) participants: apparently healthy school-aged children (< 18 years old); (2) intervention: aimed to promote PA and/or to reduce SB incorporating consumer-wearable activity trackers; (3) comparator: baseline measurements and/or a control/traditional group; (4) outcomes: objectively measured daily PA and/or SB levels; (5) study design: pre-experimental, quasi-experimental, and true-experimental trials. Relevant studies were searched from eight databases up to December 2020, as well as from four alternative modes of searching. Based on the Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool 2, the risk of bias was assessed following four domains: (1) randomization process; (2) missing outcome data; (3) measurement of the outcomes; and (4) selection of the reported results. Based on a comprehensive systematic review, meta-analyses of the Cohen’s standardized mean difference (d) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with a random-effects model were conducted to estimate the overall effects, as well as the within- and between-study subgroups analyses effects, of the programs on daily total steps, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), total PA and SB. Results Forty-four publications (i.e., 45 studies) were included in the systematic review (5,620 unique participants; mean age = 12.85 ± 2.84 years) and 40 publications (i.e., 41 studies) in the meta-analysis. Programs had a mean length of 11.78 ± 13.17 weeks and most used a waist-worn consumer-wearable activity tracker (77.78% waist-worn; 22.22% wrist-worn). Programs characteristics were: goal-setting strategies (64.06%); participants’ logbooks (56.25%); counseling sessions (62.50%); reminders (28.13%); motivational strategies (42.19%); and exercise routine (17.19%). Results showed a statistically significant moderate favorable effect on daily total steps (d = 0.612, 95% CI 0.477–0.746), small favorable effect on daily MVPA (d = 0.220, 95% CI 0.134–0.307), trivial favorable effect on daily total PA (d = 0.151, 95% CI 0.038–0.264) and trivial unfavorable effect on daily SB (d = 0.172, 95% CI 0.039–0.305). Subgroups analyses showed a higher effect for daily total steps and daily MVPA levels in females and the physically inactive for daily total steps (p = 0.003–0.044). Programs with educational counseling and/or goal-setting strategies, as well as a greater number of strategies, were more effective for improving children’s daily total steps, and wrist-worn activity trackers were more effective than waist-worn trackers for improving their daily MVPA levels (p = 0.001–0.021). Conclusions Consumer-wearable activity tracker-based programs seem to be effective in promoting school-aged children’s daily total steps and MVPA levels, especially for females and those that are physically inactive. These programs should include specific goal-setting, educational counseling, and wrist-worn trackers as especially effective strategies. However, due to the certainty of evidence being from “low” to “moderate”, future well-designed primary research studies about the topic are needed. PROSPERO: CRD42020222363. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-021-00407-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Viciana
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Mayorga-Vega
- Department of Didactic of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaen, Paraje de las Lagunillas, Campus de Las Lagunillas, Edificio Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación I (D2-D136), 23071, Jaén, Spain.
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Associations between device-measured physical activity and balance performance in children: Mediating role of motor self-efficacy. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: To examine the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and balance performance among children with considering motor self-efficacy as a mediator.
Material and methods: The present study employed a correlational-comparative approach. The present study applied a correlational-comparative approach. Eighty-two children (40 girls) of Tehran city, Iran in 2020 participated in this study (mean age of 9.82 ± 1.64 years). Physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer. Dynamic balance test was used to collect balance performance. Motor self-efficacy was measured using a standard questionnaire.
Results: On average, boys had higher moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) than girls (47.28 vs. 36.74 minutes per day, respectively). MVPA was significantly and directly associated with children’s balance performance, and here, motor self-efficacy acted as a significant mediator.
Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies and interventions for children, especially girls, to develop adequate levels of PA.
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Influence of Sports Intervention Based on K-Center Algorithm on Adolescent Obesity Metabolism and Bone Quality. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:9236369. [PMID: 34630999 PMCID: PMC8500757 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9236369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to enable obese adolescents to increase muscle content, base metabolism, etc., aerobic training is used reduce body fat and then improve body components, health physique indicators, and physical fitness. This paper adopts the current situation for research and model construction through the K-center algorithm. The results show that 10 min swimming movement increased the adolescent patients' level of brain metabolism, and with no less than 15 min, the CI value rose to 41, the increase in brain metabolism in adolescents, and the rate of fat combustion effectively increased. It is guaranteed that physical health prevents the occurrence of obese syndrome diseases. Sports training can not only increase the skinny weight of the teen obese population but also reduce body fat content, which has a significant assistance to body type, is a high-cost performance, and has comprehensive training means.
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Hargreaves N, Forneris T, Sabiston C, Berg S, Kowalski K, Ferguson L, Caperchione C. "More than just another physical activity program": exploring the GUM program for at-risk adolescent girls. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6179650. [PMID: 33749728 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) levels among adolescent girls continue to steadily decline, especially for those classified as 'at-risk'. To mitigate these trends, Girls United and on the Move (GUM) was created as a dual-component PA and psychosocial program. The primary purpose of this study was to explore participant experiences within GUM, with a secondary purpose of qualitatively informing future PA programs for 'at-risk' adolescent girls. Semi-structured interviews (N = 30) were conducted with a purposeful sample of girls from the GUM program. An inductive thematic analysis was utilized to analyze verbatim transcripts. Two themes were generated from the data: 1) Girls uplifting girls, outlining the importance of a girls-only environment and introducing opportunities for alternative PAs, and 2) finding balance between the physical and psychological, detailing the importance of the dual-component program. These findings provide support for the acceptability of an integrated psychosocial and PA program for at-risk adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hargreaves
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Tanya Forneris
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Catherine Sabiston
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Stephen Berg
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kent Kowalski
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Leah Ferguson
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Cristina Caperchione
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Pluta B, Bronikowska M, Tomczak M, Laudańska-Krzemińska I, Bronikowski M. Family leisure-time physical activities – results of the “Juniors for Seniors” 15-week intervention programme. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bhk-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Study aim: Both adequate time and quality time are important for the wellbeing of a family. The study evaluated the effectiveness of a 15-week family-based physical activity (PA) intervention entitled “Junior for Seniors”. It included both children and parents. The paper focuses on an important topic - family-based leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). It is set in Polish primary schools, which is a novel approach. Regular physical activity for young people and their parents improves health and fitness including strength and endurance, promotes development of healthy bones and muscles, helps control weight and increases self-esteem.
Material and methods: In 2015, 24 children (“juniors”, 14 girls and 10 boys, aged (mean ± SD) 7.96 ± 0.69 years) and 22 parents (“seniors”, 14 mothers aged 38.86 ± 2.96 years and 8 fathers aged 37.38 ± 2.97 years) were voluntarily enrolled in a study encompassing three primary schools in the city of Poznań, Poland. To measure factors associated with LTPA, selected questions from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire were used.
Results: As a result of the intervention, children increased both the amount of time they spent on intense LTPA and the frequency with which they undertook LTPA (values for “time spent on intense physical exercises during leisure time” were statistically significantly higher in the post-test; Z = -2.57; p < 0.05). In the post-test, statistically significant relations were obtained between the following variables: reason for physical activity: for better sport results - with family: playing together; r = 0.41, p < 0.05. In the parents’ group no statistically significant increase was observed in any of the variables measured.
Conclusions: The research issues presented in this paper require further exploration in larger scale studies. However, based on the present study, it may be concluded that one important goal has been achieved: that of more frequent family social behaviours and improved quality of LTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pluta
- Department of Recreation, University of Physical Education, Poznań , Poland
| | | | - Maciej Tomczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Physical Education, Poznań , Poland
| | - Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska
- Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, University of Physical Education, Poznań , Poland
| | - Michał Bronikowski
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, University of Physical Education, Poznań , Poland
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