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Pradeep U, Chiwhane A, Acharya S, Kumar S, Daiya V, Kasat PR, Gupta A, Bedi GN. The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Outcomes of Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e60854. [PMID: 38910647 PMCID: PMC11191379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus poisoning (OPP) poses a significant threat to human health, necessitating accurate prognostic markers for timely intervention and improved outcomes. This review evaluates the potential of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic indicator in acute organophosphorus poisoning (AOPP). A comprehensive analysis of existing literature reveals that elevated NLR values correlate with increased severity of poisoning and adverse clinical outcomes, including mortality and morbidity. NLR assessment offers valuable prognostic information beyond traditional markers, aiding risk stratification and guiding clinical decision-making. Integration of NLR into clinical practice holds promise for optimizing patient care through the early identification of high-risk individuals and tailored therapeutic interventions. Further research is needed to validate the utility of NLR in larger patient cohorts and standardize its incorporation into clinical guidelines. Leveraging NLR as a prognostic tool can enhance risk stratification, optimize treatment strategies, and ultimately improve outcomes in AOPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Pradeep
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anjalee Chiwhane
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Varun Daiya
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Paschyanti R Kasat
- Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Aman Gupta
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Gautam N Bedi
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Elbanna R, Osman KA, Salama MS. Biomarkers of oral subacute toxicity of deltamethrin in exposed male Albino rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:735-753. [PMID: 37877786 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231209360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects. This study assessed, in the male Albino rats, the effects of oral gavage of either 0.874 mg/kg (0.01 LD50) or 8.740 mg/kg (0.10 LD50) of deltamethrin for successive 14 days to investigate its effects on biomarkers and to detect the tissue injury in rats following subacute deltamethrin treatment. It was found that levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, kidney, and liver, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and uric acid in serum, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC)s, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly reduced compared with untreated rats. However, when rats were treated with deltamethrin for successive 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in brain, kidney, and liver, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), total protein, monocytes, and basophils and the ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, an aggregated marker of systemic inflammation and systemic immune inflammation indexes, significantly increased compared with the control group. Histologic lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epidemies in rats exposed to subacute deltamethrin for 14 days, and most tissues of rats treated with 0.10 LD50 of deltamethrin were more affected than those treated with 0.01 LD50. These findings strongly suggest that subacute exposure to deltamethrin caused significant systemic toxicity through oxidative stress resulting in biochemical and histological changes in the studied tissues. These findings highlight the potential harmful effects of deltamethrin and emphasize the importance of understanding the subacute effects of this compound, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine, public health, and farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Elbanna
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Osman
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher S Salama
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ruíz-Arias MA, Medina-Díaz IM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Agraz-Cibrián JM, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Herrera-Moreno JF, Verdín-Betancourt FA, Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Rojas-García AE. Hematological indices as indicators of inflammation induced by exposure to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:19466-19476. [PMID: 36239889 PMCID: PMC9561311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide toxicity, both acute and chronic, is a global public health concern. Pesticides are involved in abnormal inflammatory responses by interfering with the normal physiology and metabolic status of cells. In this regard, inflammatory indices aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte platelet ratio (NLPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) have been used as predictive markers of inflammatory status in several diseases and also in acute poisoning events. This study aimed to determine systemic inflammation indices and their relationship with pesticide exposure from urban sprayers in 302 individuals categorized into three groups (reference group and moderate and high exposure groups). The data suggest that the AISI, MLR, NLPR, and SIRI indices were significantly higher in the exposed groups compared with the reference group. In conclusion, this study proposes that inflammation indices warrant further attention in order to assess their value as early biomarkers of acute and chronic pesticide intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alfonso Ruíz-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias. Área de Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrián
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Francisco Alberto Verdín-Betancourt
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - José Francisco Zambrano-Zaragoza
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, México.
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