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Geng D, Lin R, Wei P, Tang C, Xu Y, Wang L. The Role of Copper-Induced M2 Macrophage Polarization in Protecting Cartilage Matrix in Osteoarthritis. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943738. [PMID: 38664941 PMCID: PMC11060003 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathological mechanism of osteoarthritis is still unclear. The regulation of the immune microenvironment has been of growing interest in the progression and treatment of osteoarthritis. Macrophages with different phenotypes, producing different cytokines, have been linked to the mechanism of cartilage injury in osteoarthritis. Copper ions play a role in the immune response and are involved in the pathological mechanisms of osteoarthritis by affecting the metabolism of the cartilage matrix. Bioactive glass (BG) is an osteogenic material with superior biocompatibility. Here, we report on the regulatory behavior of macrophages using a copper-based composite BG material. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cu-BGC powder was prepared by sol-gel method, and scaffolds were fabricated and characterized using 3D printing. Macrophage cultures grown with Cu-BGC were examined for cell culture and proliferation. The effect of Cu-BGC on the degradation metabolism of chondrocytes, cultured in the environment of inflammatory cytokine IL-1ß, was determined. In addition, the morphology of macrophages, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and expression of surface markers were examined. RESULTS The results show that Cu-BGC promotes macrophage proliferation at a range of concentrations and increases the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines while inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. At the same time, M2-type cell surface markers are definitely expressed and the morphology of macrophages is altered. In addition, Cu-BGC inhibited the degradation metabolism of chondrocytes in the inflammatory environment induced by IL-1ß. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Cu-BGC induced macrophage polarization into an M2 type anti-inflammatory phenotype, and inhibition of immune injury response may play a role in delaying cartilage matrix damage in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rongcai Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peiran Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Lopa S, Libonati F, Mareschi K, Talò G, Brambilla S, Raffo V, Labanca L, Zagra L, Moretti M, de Girolamo L, Colombini A. Using Macrophage Polarization in Human Platelet Lysate to Test the Immunomodulatory Potential of Cells for Clinical Use. Biomedicines 2024; 12:833. [PMID: 38672188 PMCID: PMC11048141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-based co-cultures are used to test the immunomodulatory function of candidate cells for clinical use. This study aimed to characterize a macrophage polarization model using human platelet lysate (hPL) as a GMP-compliant alternative to Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). Primary human monocytes were differentiated into unpolarized (M0) or polarized (M1, M2a, and M2c) macrophages in an hPL- or FBS-based medium. The protein secretion profiles and expression of phenotypic markers (CD80 for M1, CD206 for M2a, and CD163 for M2c) were analyzed. Subsequently, chondrocytes were tested in an hPL-based co-culture model to assess their immunomodulatory function in view of their possible use in patients with osteoarthritis. The results showed similar marker regulation between hPL and FBS cultures, but lower basal levels of CD206 and CD163 in hPL-cultured macrophages. Functional co-culture experiments with chondrocytes revealed increased CD206 expression both in hPL and in FBS, indicating an interaction between macrophages and chondrocytes. While markers in FBS-cultured macrophages were confirmed in hPL-cultured cells, the interpretation of marker modulation in immunomodulatory assays with hPL-based cultures should be carried out cautiously due to the observed differences in the basal marker levels for CD206 and CD163. This research underscores the utility of hPL as a GMP-compliant alternative to FBS for macrophage-based co-cultures and highlights the importance of understanding marker expressions in different culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (S.L.); (G.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Francesca Libonati
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Katia Mareschi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (S.L.); (G.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefania Brambilla
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (S.L.); (G.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Raffo
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Luciana Labanca
- Blood Component Production and Validation Center, City of Health and Science of Turin, S. Anna Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Luigi Zagra
- Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (S.L.); (G.T.); (S.B.)
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via F. Chiesa 5, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Via Tesserete 46, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via la Santa 1, CH-6962 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.L.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
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Zheng S, Li Y, Yin L, Lu M. Identification of sulfur metabolism-related gene signature in osteoarthritis and TM9SF2's sustenance effect on M2 macrophages' phagocytic activity. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:62. [PMID: 38218914 PMCID: PMC10787471 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and low-grade inflammatory disease associated with metabolism disorder and multiple cell death types in the synovial tissues. Sulfur metabolism has not been studied in OA. METHODS First, we calculated the single sample gene set enrichment analysis score of sulfur metabolism-associated annotations (i.e., cysteine metabolism process, regulation of sulfur metabolism process, and disulfidptosis) between healthy and synovial samples from patients with OA. Sulfur metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in OA. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator COX regression were used to identify the sulfur metabolism-associated gene signature for diagnosing OA. Correlation and immune cell deconvolution analyses were used to explore the correlated functions and cell specificity of the signature gene, TM9SF2. TM9SF2's effect on the phagocytosis of macrophages M2 was analyzed by coculturing macrophages with IgG-coated beads or apoptotic Jurkat cells. RESULTS A diagnostic six gene signature (i.e., MTHFD1, PDK4, TM9SF2, POU4F1, HOXA2, NCKAP1) was identified based on the ten DEGs, validated using GSE12021 and GSE1919 datasets. TM9SF2 was upregulated in the synovial tissues of OA at both mRNA and protein levels. The relationship between TM9SF2 and several functional annotations, such as antigen processing and presentation, lysosome, phagosome, Fcγ-mediated phagocytosis, and tyrosine metabolism, was identified. TM9SF2 and macrophages M2 were significantly correlated. After silencing TM9SF2 in THP-1-derived macrophages M2, a significantly reduced phagocytosis and attenuated activation of PLC-γ1 were observed. CONCLUSION A sulfur metabolism-associated six-gene signature for OA diagnosis was constructed and upregulation of the phagocytosis-associated gene, TM9SF2, was identified. The findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying OA development and be used as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yetian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Ji Xi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Sarkovich S, Issa PP, Longanecker A, Martin D, Redondo K, McTernan P, Simkin J, Marrero L. Minoxidil weakens newly synthesized collagen in fibrotic synoviocytes from osteoarthritis patients. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:84. [PMID: 37605092 PMCID: PMC10441905 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Synovial fibrosis (SFb) formation and turnover attributable to knee osteoarthritis (KOA) can impart painful stiffness and persist following arthroplasty. To supplement joint conditioning aimed at maximizing peri-operative function, we evaluated the antifibrotic effect of Minoxidil (MXD) on formation of pyridinoline (Pyd) cross-links catalyzed by Plod2-encoded lysyl hydroxylase (LH)2b that strengthen newly synthesized type-I collagen (COL1) in fibroblastic synovial cells (FSCs) from KOA patients. MXD was predicted to decrease Pyd without significant alterations to Col1a1 transcription by FSCs stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)β1. METHODS Synovium from 10 KOA patients grouped by SFb severity was preserved for picrosirius and LH2b histology or culture. Protein and RNA were purified from fibrotic FSCs after 8 days with or without 0.5 µM MXD and/or 4 ng/mL of TGFβ1. COL1 and Pyd protein concentrations from ELISA and expression of Col1a1, Acta2, and Plod2 genes by qPCR were compared by parametric tests with α = 0.05. RESULTS Histological LH2b expression corresponded to SFb severity. MXD attenuated COL1 output in KOA FSCs but only in the absence of TGFβ1 and consistently decreased Pyd under all conditions with significant downregulation of Plod2 but minimal alterations to Col1a1 and Acta2 transcripts. CONCLUSIONS MXD is an attractive candidate for local antifibrotic pharmacotherapy for SFb by compromising the integrity of newly formed fibrous deposits by FSCs during KOA and following arthroplasty. Targeted antifibrotic supplementation could improve physical therapy and arthroscopic lysis strategies aimed at breaking down joint scarring. However, the effect of MXD on other joint-specific TGFβ1-mediated processes or non-fibrotic components requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sarkovich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2021 Perdido St., Center for Advanced Learning and Simulation, 7th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Peter P Issa
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Lions Building, 5th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Andrew Longanecker
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Lions Building, 5th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Davis Martin
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Lions Building, 5th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Redondo
- Morphology and Imaging Core, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St., Clinical Sciences Research Building, 5th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Patrick McTernan
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St., Clinical Sciences Research Building, 4th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2021 Perdido St., Center for Advanced Learning and Simulation, 7th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Luis Marrero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2021 Perdido St., Center for Advanced Learning and Simulation, 7th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier St., Lions Building, 5th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Morphology and Imaging Core, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St., Clinical Sciences Research Building, 5th floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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