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Elez-Burnjaković N, Pojskić L, Haverić A, Lojo-Kadrić N, Hadžić Omanović M, Smajlović A, Kalaydjiev S, Maksimović M, Joksimović B, Haverić S. Halogenated Boroxine K 2[B 3O 3F 4OH] Modulates Metabolic Phenotype and Autophagy in Human Bladder Carcinoma 5637 Cell Line. Molecules 2024; 29:2919. [PMID: 38930984 PMCID: PMC11206502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Halogenated boroxine K2[B3O3F4OH] (HB), an inorganic derivative of cyclic anhydride of boronic acid, is patented as a boron-containing compound with potential for the treatment of both benign and malignant skin changes. HB has effectively inhibited the growth of several carcinoma cell lines. Because of the growing interest in autophagy induction as a therapeutic approach in bladder carcinoma (BC), we aimed to assess the effects of HB on metabolic phenotype and autophagy levels in 5637 human bladder carcinoma cells (BC). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the alamar blue assay, and the degree of autophagy was determined microscopically. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were measured simultaneously. The relative expression of autophagy-related genes BECN1, P62, BCL-2, and DRAM1 was determined by real-time PCR. HB affected cell growth, while starvation significantly increased the level of autophagy in the positive control compared to the basal level of autophagy in the untreated negative control. In HB-treated cultures, the degree of autophagy was higher compared to the basal level, and metabolic phenotypes were altered; both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were decreased by HB at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL. Gene expression was deregulated towards autophagy induction and expansion. In conclusion, HB disrupted the bioenergetic metabolism and reduced the intracellular survival potential of BC cells. Further molecular studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate their applicative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Elez-Burnjaković
- Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Studentska 5, 73 300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Lejla Pojskić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (L.P.); (A.H.); (N.L.-K.); (M.H.O.); (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Anja Haverić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (L.P.); (A.H.); (N.L.-K.); (M.H.O.); (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Naida Lojo-Kadrić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (L.P.); (A.H.); (N.L.-K.); (M.H.O.); (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Maida Hadžić Omanović
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (L.P.); (A.H.); (N.L.-K.); (M.H.O.); (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Ajla Smajlović
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (L.P.); (A.H.); (N.L.-K.); (M.H.O.); (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | | | - Milka Maksimović
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Bojan Joksimović
- Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Studentska 5, 73 300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Sanin Haverić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (L.P.); (A.H.); (N.L.-K.); (M.H.O.); (A.S.); (S.H.)
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Hadzic M, Pojskic L, Lojo-Kadric N, Haveric A, Ramic J, Galic B, Haveric S. Novel boron-containing compound, halogenated boroxine, induces selective cytotoxicity through apoptosis triggering in UT-7 leukemia. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23005. [PMID: 35174948 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis induction is a promising approach in targeting tumor cells. As halogenated boroxine (HB) shows antitumor activity, but its mechanism of action in hematological tumors remains unclear, in this study, we aimed to analyze apoptosis triggering in normal and UT-7 leukemia cells by HB. Methods for assessing cell viability and cytotoxicity, apoptosis detection, relative expression of 84 apoptosis-associated genes and BCL-2, and functional analysis were applied. Pronounced HB activities in inhibition of cell viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction with measurable differences between tumor and normal cells were found. HB modulated the expression of 21 genes, predominantly downregulated the antiapoptotic genes in leukemia. The functional association revealed HB's impact on inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. BCL-2 expression decreasing was found only in UT-7 leukemia. This study identified HB as an apoptosis inducer affecting leukemia but not normal cells considering mechanisms of selective activity that may be a great advantage of HB applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Hadzic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Pojskic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Naida Lojo-Kadric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmin Ramic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Borivoj Galic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Haverić A, Durmić-Pašić A, Alić A, Mujezinović I, Smajlović A, Ostojić J, Ahatović A, Hadžić M, Prašović S, Haverić S, Galić B. Biochemical and histomorphological findings in Swiss Wistar rats treated with potential boron-containing therapeutic - K2[B3O3F4OH]. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126642. [PMID: 32950859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron and boron containing compounds are known for their biological and protective roles being non-toxic and non-mutagenic in low concentrations. Male rats were exposed to halogenated boroxine (HB), dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate K2[B3O3F4OH], a potential new boron-containing therapeutic, aiming to determine concentrations with no adverse effects on selected serum biochemical parameters and histomorphological features. METHODS HB was prepared by reacting potassium hydrofluoride (KHF2) with boric acid in molar ratios 2:3 at room temperature and its primary structure contains 4 fluorine atoms substituted in 6-membered ring. In concentrations of 10, 25, 35 and 45 mg/kg, HB was administered intraperitoneally as a single dose. Biochemical parameters were observed 24 and 96 h following the treatment. Effects of HB on biochemical blood parameters were also observed 24 h following continuous nine days application in concentrations of 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally and 50 mg/kg per os. Histomorphological observation of kidneys, liver, spleen, lungs and heart was performed for all treated animals. RESULTS Administration of single high dose of HB (35 mg/kg-45 mg/kg) effected high levels of urea and creatinine, which indicated renal injury that appeared to be temporary. Possible cause of concern is pancreatic injury indicated by elevated levels of serum amylase in the groups of animals that received the highest dosages of the substance. Histopathological examination of selected tissues revealed mild to moderate lesions in the kidneys and livers associated with administration of HB. CONCLUSION Observation of biochemical serum parameters or histopathology of examined tissues revealed no adverse effects of HB either after the administration of single dose lower than 35 mg/kg or following repeated administration at 10 mg/kg. These dosages should be further considered for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Haverić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Adaleta Durmić-Pašić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amer Alić
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Department of Pathology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Indira Mujezinović
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Department of Pathology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ahmed Smajlović
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Department of Pathology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Ostojić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 35, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anesa Ahatović
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadžić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Senad Prašović
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Department of Pathology and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haverić
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Borivoj Galić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 35, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Maravić A, Rončević T, Krce L, Ilić N, Galić B, Čulić Čikeš V, Carev I. Halogenated boroxine dipotassium trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate K 2[B 3O 3F 4OH] inhibits emerging multidrug-resistant and β-lactamase-producing opportunistic pathogens. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1770-1776. [PMID: 31418595 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1656736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated boroxine dipotassium trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate, K2[B3O3F4OH] (boroxine) was previously shown to be very effective in inhibition of several carcinoma cell lines, including the skin cancer. Here, we investigated its antimicrobial potential by targeting the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogens associated with skin and wound infections. The antimicrobial testing against eleven bacterial and four fungal species revealed good activity of boroxine against pathogenic filamentous fungi Penicillium funiculosum and Aspergillus niger (MIC50 64 and 128 µg/ml), and a moderate bioactivity against the yeast Candida albicans (MIC50 512 µg/ml). Among the tested multidrug-resistant bacteria, the best antibacterial effect, stable over a 24-h period, was observed against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (MRSA) at MIC of 1024 µg/ml. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) used to investigate the morphology of S. aureus cells revealed indentations on its cell envelope after the boroxine exposure. These results show that in addition to the antitumor effect, boroxine exerts wide spectrum antimicrobial activity, thus may help preventing the development of skin and wound-related opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Tomislav Rončević
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Lucija Krce
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Nada Ilić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Borivoj Galić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia And Herzegovina
| | - Vedrana Čulić Čikeš
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Ivana Carev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Engineering, University of Split , Split , Croatia
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Hadzic M, Haveric S, Haveric A, Lojo-Kadric N, Galic B, Ramic J, Pojskic L. Bioflavonoids protect cells against halogenated boroxine-induced genotoxic damage by upregulation of hTERT expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 74:125-129. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plant bioflavonoids are widely present in the human diet and have various protective properties. In this study, we have demonstrated the capacity of delphinidin and luteolin to increase human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression level and act as protective agents against halogenated boroxine-induced genotoxic damage. Halogenated boroxine K2(B3O3F4OH) (HB), is a novel compound with potential for the treatment of both benign and malignant skin changes. In vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed the inhibitory effects of HB on carcinoma cell proliferation and cell cycle progression as well as enzyme inhibition. However, minor genotoxic effects of HB are registered in higher applied concentrations, but those can be suppressed by in vitro addition of delphinidin and luteolin in appropriate concentrations. Fresh peripheral blood samples were cultivated for 72 h followed by independent and concomitant treatments of HB with luteolin or delphinidin. We analyzed the differences in relative hTERT expression between series of treatments compared with controls, which were based on normalized ratios with housekeeping genes. The obtained results have shown that selected bioflavonoids induce upregulation of hTERT that may contribute to the repair of genotoxic damage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Hadzic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Sarajevo , Zmaja od Bosne 8 , 71000 Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Sarajevo , Zmaja od Bosne 8 , 71000 Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Sarajevo , Zmaja od Bosne 8 , 71000 Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Naida Lojo-Kadric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Sarajevo , Zmaja od Bosne 8 , 71000 Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Borivoj Galic
- Faculty of Science, Department for Chemistry , University of Sarajevo , Zmaja od Bosne 33-35 , 71000 Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmin Ramic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Sarajevo , Zmaja od Bosne 8 , 71000 Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Pojskic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Sarajevo , Zmaja od Bosne 8 , 71000 Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Inhibition of Horseradish Peroxidase Activity by Boroxine Derivative, Dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate K2[B3O3F4OH]. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/8134350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently research shows that horseradish peroxidase, HRP, when combined with other compounds, is highly reactive toward different human tumour cells and that better understanding of catalytic mechanism and inhibition HPR could lead to a new targeted cancer therapy. Thus, the inhibition of HRP activity by dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate K2[B3O3F4OH] was investigated for possible explanation of previously observed antitumour activities of this promising drug. HRP activity was studied under steady-state kinetic conditions by a spectrophotometric method. In the absence of the inhibitor values of Km = 0.47 mM and Vmax = 0.34 mM min−1, respectively, were determined. The hydrogen peroxide H2O2 kinetic measurements show a competitive inhibition with the inhibition constant KI = 2.56 mM. The activation energy Ea values were found to be very similar for both reactions; in the absence of inhibitor activation energy was 17.7 kJ mol−1 and in the presence of inhibitor activation energy was 16.3 kJ mol−1. The values of Arrhenius constants were found to be different; A = 4.635 s−1 was measured in the absence of inhibitor while in the presence of inhibitor Arrhenius constant was 1.745 s−1 showing that K2[B3O3F4OH] initiates conformational change in the structure of the HRP and subsequently reduces its activity.
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Ivankovic S, Stojkovic R, Maksimovic M, Galic B, Milos M. Impact of calcium ion on cytotoxic effect of the boroxine derivative, K2[B3O3F4OH]. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:70-74. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1204611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Ivankovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia,
| | - Ranko Stojkovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia,
| | - Milka Maksimovic
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and
| | - Borivoj Galic
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and
| | - Mladen Milos
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Pojskic L, Haveric S, Lojo-Kadric N, Hadzic M, Haveric A, Galic Z, Galic B, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Milos M. Effects of dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate, K2[B3O3F4OH], on cell viability and gene expression of common human cancer drug targets in a melanoma cell line. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:999-1004. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1078329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Pojskic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
| | - Naida Lojo-Kadric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
| | - Maida Hadzic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
| | - Zoran Galic
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
| | - Borivoj Galic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy,
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy, and
| | - Mladen Milos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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