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Méndez-Yáñez A, Carrasco-Orellana C, Ramos P, Morales-Quintana L. Alpha-expansins: more than three decades of wall creep and loosening in fruits. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:84. [PMID: 38995453 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Expansins are proteins without catalytic activity, but able to break hydrogen bonds between cell wall polysaccharides hemicellulose and cellulose. This proteins were reported for the first time in 1992, describing cell wall extension in cucumber hypocotyls caused particularly by alpha-expansins. Although these proteins have GH45 and CBM63 domains, characteristic of enzymes related with the cleavage of cell wall polysaccharides, demonstrating in vitro that they extend plant cell wall. Its participation has been associated to molecular processes such as development and growing, fruit ripening and softening, tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and seed germination. Structural insights, facilitated by bioinformatics approaches, are highlighted, shedding light on the intricate interactions between alpha-expansins and cell wall polysaccharides. After more than thirty years of its discovery, we want to celebrate the knowledge of alpha-expansins and emphasize their importance to understand the phenomena of disassembly and loosening of the cell wall, specifically in the fruit ripening phenomena, with this state-of-the-art dedicated to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Méndez-Yáñez
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente No. 1670, Talca, Chile.
| | - Cristian Carrasco-Orellana
- División Agroindustrial de Empresas Carozzi S. A., Desarrollo E Innovación Aplicada Agrozzi, Centro Tecnológico de Investigación, Teno, Chile
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Plant Microorganism Interaction Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Poniente No. 1670, Talca, Chile.
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Li Y, Zhu FL, Zheng XW, Hu ML, Dong C, Diao Y, Wang YW, Xie KQ, Hu ZL. Comparative population genomics reveals genetic divergence and selection in lotus, Nelumbo nucifera. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 32046648 PMCID: PMC7014656 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is an aquatic plant with important agronomic, horticulture, art and religion values. It was the basal eudicot species occupying a critical phylogenetic position in flowering plants. After the domestication for thousands of years, lotus has differentiated into three cultivated types -flower lotus, seed lotus and rhizome lotus. Although the phenotypic and genetic differentiations based on molecular markers have been reported, the variation on whole-genome level among the different lotus types is still ambiguous. Results In order to reveal the evolution and domestication characteristics of lotus, a total of 69 lotus accessions were selected, including 45 cultivated accessions, 22 wild sacred lotus accessions, and 2 wild American lotus accessions. With Illumina technology, the genomes of these lotus accessions were resequenced to > 13× raw data coverage. On the basis of these genomic data, 25 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in lotus. Population analysis showed that the rhizome and seed lotus were monophyletic and genetically homogeneous, whereas the flower lotus was biphyletic and genetically heterogeneous. Using population SNP data, we identified 1214 selected regions in seed lotus, 95 in rhizome lotus, and 37 in flower lotus. Some of the genes in these regions contributed to the essential domestication traits of lotus. The selected genes of seed lotus mainly affected lotus seed weight, size and nutritional quality. While the selected genes were responsible for insect resistance, antibacterial immunity and freezing and heat stress resistance in flower lotus, and improved the size of rhizome in rhizome lotus, respectively. Conclusions The genome differentiation and a set of domestication genes were identified from three types of cultivated lotus- flower lotus, seed lotus and rhizome lotus, respectively. Among cultivated lotus, flower lotus showed the greatest variation. The domestication genes may show agronomic importance via enhancing insect resistance, improving seed weight and size, or regulating lotus rhizome size. The domestication history of lotus enhances our knowledge of perennial aquatic crop evolution, and the obtained dataset provides a basis for future genomics-enabled breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.,Guangchang Research School of White Lotus, Guangchang, 344900, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Diao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science / Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Wei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qiang Xie
- Guangchang Research School of White Lotus, Guangchang, 344900, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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