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Zhang Y, Li L, Ma X, Liu R, Shi R, Zhao D, Li X. Extraction, purification, structural features, modifications, bioactivities, structure-activity relationships, and applications of polysaccharides from garlic: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131165. [PMID: 38547941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Garlic is a common vegetable and spice in people's daily diets, in which garlic polysaccharide (GP) is one of the most important active components with a variety of benefits, such as antioxidant, immune-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, liver-protective and bowel-regulating properties. >20 types of GPs, mainly crude polysaccharides, have been identified. However, the exact chemical composition of GPs or the mechanism underlying their pharmacological activity is still not fully understood. The extraction and purification methods of GPs are compared in this review while providing detailed information on their structural features, identification methods, major biological activities, mechanisms of actions, structural modifications, structure-activity relationships as well as potential applications. Finally, the limitations of GP research and future issues that need to be addressed are discussed in this review. GPs are widely recognized as substances with great potential in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest research progresses in the field of GPs, together with scientific insights and a theoretical support for the development of GPs in research and industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Garlic Medicinal Uses Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Medical University, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Medical University, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830054, China; Garlic Medicinal Uses Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Xinjiang Hu Suan Research Institute (Co., LTD), Urumqi 830020, China; Garlic Medicinal Uses Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, China
| | - Rongmei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Xinjiang Hu Suan Research Institute (Co., LTD), Urumqi 830020, China; Garlic Medicinal Uses Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xinxia Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Medical University, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830054, China.
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Kumari N, Kumar M, Radha, Lorenzo JM, Sharma D, Puri S, Pundir A, Dhumal S, Bhuyan DJ, Jayanthy G, Selim S, Abdel-Wahab BA, Chandran D, Anitha T, Deshmukh VP, Pandiselvam R, Dey A, Senapathy M, Rajalingam S, Mohankumar P, Kennedy JF. Onion and garlic polysaccharides: A review on extraction, characterization, bioactivity, and modifications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1047-1061. [PMID: 35914557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allium cepa (onion) and Allium sativum (garlic) are important members of the Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae) family and are being used both as food and medicine for centuries in different parts of the world. Polysaccharides have been extracted from different parts of onion and garlic such as bulb, straw and cell wall. The current literature portrays several studies on the extraction of polysaccharides from onion and garlic, their modification and determination of their structural (molecular weight, monosaccharide unit and their arrangement, type and position of glycosidic bond or linkage, degree of polymerization, chain conformation) and functional properties (emulsifying property, moisture retention, hygroscopicity, thermal stability, foaming ability, fat-binding capacity). In this line, this review, summarizes the various extraction techniques used for polysaccharides from onion and garlic, involving methods like solvent extraction method. Furthermore, the antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of onion and garlic polysaccharides as reported in in vivo and in vitro studies is also critically assessed in this review. Different studies have proved onion and garlic polysaccharides as potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory agent. Studies have implemented to improve the functionality of onion and garlic polysaccharides through various modification approaches. Further studies are warranted for utilizing onion and garlic polysaccharides in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India.
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ashok Pundir
- School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - G Jayanthy
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, India
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 7111, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Anitha
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - Vishal P Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala 671124, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, SNNPR, Ethiopia
| | - Sureshkumar Rajalingam
- Department of Agronomy, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pran Mohankumar
- School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
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Isolation, structural characterization and anti-oxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from garlic bolt. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118194. [PMID: 34119161 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allium sativum L. is a widely distributed plant used as a spice, vegetable and medicine. In this study, one novel water-soluble polysaccharide (GBP-1a), with a molecular weight of 15.0 kDa, was isolated from the scape of A. sativum (garlic bolt). GBP-1a consists of galactose, glucose and arabinose at a ratio of 73.29:4.36:1.70. It has a backbone, which is composed of 1,4-linked Galp, with 1,2,6-linked Galp branches and 1-linked Glcp residue. In addition, the anti-oxidant activities of GBP-1a, as well as the two main polysaccharide fractions on ABTS radicals, metal ions and superoxide anion radicals, were evaluated in vitro. This study added new data to the study of polysaccharides from garlic bolt.
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