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Giannou P, Gakiopoulou H, Stambolliu E, Petras D, Chalkia A, Kapota A, Palamaris K, Hadziyannis E, Thomas K, Alexakou Z, Bora M, Mintzias T, Vassilopoulos D, Patsouris E, Deutsch M. Urine Nephrin and Podocalyxin Reflecting Podocyte Damage and Severity of Kidney Disease in Various Glomerular Diseases-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3432. [PMID: 38929959 PMCID: PMC11205118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Glomerulopathy is a term used to describe a broad spectrum of renal diseases, characterized by dysfunction of glomerular filtration barrier, especially of podocytes. Several podocyte-associated proteins have been found and proved their usefulness as urine markers of podocyte dysfunction. Two of them are nephrin (NEP) and prodocalyxin (PDC). This study aims to evaluate the association of podocyte damage, as it is demonstrated via the concentrations of urinary proteins, with clinical and histological data from patients with several types of glomerulonephritis. Methods: We measured urine levels of two podocyte-specific markers, NEP and PDC (corrected for urine creatinine levels), in patients with a wide range of glomerulopathies. Serum and urine parameters as well as histological parameters from renal biopsy were recorded. Results: In total, data from 37 patients with glomerulonephritis and 5 healthy controls were analyzed. PDC and NEP concentrations correlated between them and with serum creatinine levels (p = 0.001 and p = 0.013 respectively), and with histological lesions associated with chronicity index of renal cortex, such as severe interstitial fibrosis, severe tubular atrophy and hyalinosis (for PDC/NEP, all p < 0.05). In addition, the PDC and NEP demonstrated statistically significant correlations with interstitial inflammation (p = 0.018/p = 0.028). Regarding electron microscopy evaluation, PDC levels were correlated with distinct characteristics, such as fibrils and global podocyte foot process fusion, whereas the NEP/CR ratio was uniquely significantly associated with podocyte fusion only in non-immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (p = 0.02). Among the other clinical and histological parameters included in our study, a strong correlation between proteinuria >3 g/24 h and diffuse fusion of podocyte foot processes (p = 0.016) was identified. Conclusions: Podocalyxin and nephrin concentrations in urine are markers of podocyte dysfunction, and in our study, they were associated both with serum creatinine and histological chronicity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Giannou
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (H.G.); (K.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Emelina Stambolliu
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Petras
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Aglaia Chalkia
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Athanasia Kapota
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (H.G.); (K.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Emilia Hadziyannis
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, Clinical Immunology—Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (E.H.); (D.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Thomas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Zoe Alexakou
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Margarita Bora
- Nephrology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (Z.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Theodoros Mintzias
- Athens School of Medicine, Hellenic Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 10445 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Vassilopoulos
- 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, Clinical Immunology—Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (E.H.); (D.V.)
| | - Eustratios Patsouris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (H.G.); (K.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Melanie Deutsch
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Khaliq OP, Konoshita T, Moodley J, Naicker T. The association of NPHS1 and ACNT4 gene polymorphisms with pre-eclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 266:9-14. [PMID: 34555552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to investigate the association of the NPHS1 gene polymorphisms (rs437168) and ACTN4 (rs3745895) in the pathogenesis of PE in women of African Ancestry. MATERIALS AND METHODS 637 blood samples, normotensive pregnant (n = 280) and pre-eclampsia (n = 357) were included. The PE group was sub-divided into early onset pre-eclampsia (n = 187) and late onset pre-eclampsia (n = 170). rs74315346, rs869025495, rs121908415, rs3745895, and rs437168 were genotyped from isolated DNA using real time PCR. RESULTS The C allele of rs437168 (NPHS1) was significantly higher in PE compared to controls. [C vs T; p = 0.0323*] and [CC vs CT/TT; p = 0.0464*]. A comparison between the subtypes of PE and controls showed that the C allele was significantly higher in EOPE compared to controls [p = 0.0027**], [CC vs CT/TT; p = 0.0111*], [CC/CT vs TT p = 0.0198*] and LOPE. [p = 0.0259*]. The other SNPs genotyped showed no signification associations with PE. CONCLUSION This study found that the C allele of rs437168 is significantly associated with the pathogenesis of early onset PE and may be accountable for renal injury, which is a risk factor for the development of EOPE in women of African Ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olive P Khaliq
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Tadashi Konoshita
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Kostovska I, Trajkovska KT, Cekovska S, Topuzovska S, Kavrakova JB, Spasovski G, Kostovski O, Labudovic D. Role of urinary podocalyxin in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MEDECINE INTERNE 2020; 58:233-241. [PMID: 32780718 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Podocyte injury has been reported as an early feature of DN therefore, the assessment of podocyte injury can be accomplished by estimation of podocalyxin in urine. This study aimed to estimate the urinary podocalyxin levels and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker for early detection of DN.Materials and methods. A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in this cross-sectional study. Sixty of them were without diagnosed DN, and 30 with diagnosed DN. A control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. All patients with T2DM were divided into three subgroups according to urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UM/CR): normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients. Urine samples, were used for measurement of podocalyxin by ELISA, creatinine and microalbumin. Fasting venous blood samples was collected for biochemical analyses.Results. The levels of urinary podocalyxin (u-PDX) were higher in patients with T2DM compared to control subjects and a statistically significant difference among studied subgroups regarding u-PDX was found (p < 0.05). Levels of u-PDX are increasing gradually with the degree of DN (p < 0.029). u-PDX levels were positively correlated with UM/CR (r = 0.227, p = 0.002). A cut-off level of 43.8 ng/ml u-PDX showed 73.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity to detect DN in early stage. A cut-off level of 30 mg/g UM/CR showed 41.5% sensitivity and 90% specificity in predicting DN. u-PDX was elevated in 48,2% of normoalbuminuric patients.Conclusion. Urinary podocalyxin be useful and more sensitive and specific marker in early detection of DN than microalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostovska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Str. 50 Divizija 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Svetlana Cekovska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Str. 50 Divizija 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Sonja Topuzovska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Str. 50 Divizija 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Goce Spasovski
- University Clinic of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Str. Mother Teresa 17, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ognen Kostovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Str. Mother Teresa 17, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Danica Labudovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Str. 50 Divizija 6, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia
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Yuvashree M, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Potential application of nanoemulsified garlic oil blend in mitigating the progression of type 2 diabetes-mediated nephropathy in Wistar rats. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:272. [PMID: 32523866 PMCID: PMC7260324 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The renoprotective potential of nanoemulsified garlic oil blend (GNE) in alleviating the progressive stages of hyperlipidemia-mediated diabetic nephropathy was examined. The study was carried out in high fat-fed, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats for five months. The diabetic rats showed a significant increase of area under the curve in OGTT (p < 0.01) and IPITT (p < 0.01), increased urinary albumin (p < 0.01), urinary microprotein (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.001), with decreased serum albumin (p < 0.01), serum protein (p < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol levels (p < 0.05) than the control rats. The histopathological analysis evidenced mesangial expansion and hypercellularity at the end of the first and third month, and glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy at the end of the fifth month in diabetic rats. Moreover, on disease progression, increase in urinary podocalyxin, NGAL and CD36 was observed, and the renal mRNA and protein expression of podocalyxin decreased significantly with a concomitant increase in NGAL and CD36 expression from first till fifth month end. The treatment with GNE (20 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the serum albumin (p < 0.001) and urine albumin (p < 0.01) from the end of the third month with significant attenuation in the lipid profile than GO (20 mg/kg) or Ator (8 mg/kg). Moreover, GNE reverted the histopathological alterations and attenuated the aberrant mRNA, protein expression and urinary excretion level of renal CD36, podocalyxin and NGAL in diabetic rats from an early stage of disease till the end of the study period. This study demonstrated the enhanced efficacy of GO in nanoemulsified form in mitigating the progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidaran Yuvashree
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014 India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantrinagar, Puducherry India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014 India
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Yuvashree M, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Potential application of nanoemulsified garlic oil blend in mitigating the progression of type 2 diabetes-mediated nephropathy in Wistar rats. 3 Biotech 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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