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Alam K, Qamar SZ, Iqbal M, Piya S, Al-Kindi M, Qureshi A, Al-Ghaithi A, Al-Sumri B, Silberschmidt VV. Effect of drill quality on biological damage in bone drilling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6234. [PMID: 37069203 PMCID: PMC10110507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone drilling is a universal procedure in orthopaedics for fracture fixation, installing implants, or reconstructive surgery. Surgical drills are subjected to wear caused by their repeated use, thermal fatigue, irrigation with saline solution, and sterilization process. Wear of the cutting edges of a drill bit (worn drill) is detrimental for bone tissues and can seriously affect its performance. The aim of this study is to move closer to minimally invasive surgical procedures in bones by investigating the effect of wear of surgical drill bits on their performance. The surface quality of the drill was found to influence the bone temperature, the axial force, the torque and the extent of biological damage around the drilling region. Worn drill produced heat above the threshold level related to thermal necrosis at a depth equal to the wall thickness of an adult human bone. Statistical analysis showed that a sharp drill bit, in combination with a medium drilling speed and drilling at shallow depth, was favourable for safe drilling in bone. This study also suggests the further research on establishing a relationship between surface integrity of a surgical drill bit and irreversible damage that it can induce in delicate tissues of bone using different drill sizes as well as drilling parameters and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Alam
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Sayyad Zahid Qamar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Creative Engineering & Management Services, Saddar Road, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sujan Piya
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mahmood Al-Kindi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Asim Qureshi
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghaithi
- Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Badar Al-Sumri
- Histopathology Laboratory, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Vadim V Silberschmidt
- School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Sigilião Celles CA, Ferreira I, Valente MDLDC, Dos Reis AC. Osseointegration in relation to drilling speed in the preparation of dental implants sites: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00138-5. [PMID: 37019748 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The drilling speed used for preparing dental implants may affect bone-implant contact (BIC), implant stability quotient (ISQ), and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Different rotational speeds and the presence or absence of irrigation during site preparation have been investigated, but an established protocol for achieving the best osseointegration results is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of drill rotational speed on bone drilling for dental implant placement and its relationship with osseointegration. MATERIAL AND METHODS This review included the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database. Electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase databases. The risk of bias was analyzed by using the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE). RESULTS A total of 1282 articles were found, and after removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria to in vivo articles on animals that addressed drilling speed and its relationship to osseointegration, 8 articles were selected for analysis. Of these, 5 articles showed no statistical differences, and 3 others showed significantly better osseointegration results by analyzing the parameters of BIC, BAFO, ISQs, and pull-out forces (PoFs). In all selected articles, high-speed drilling was performed with irrigation. CONCLUSIONS Although drilling speed seems to affect bone perforation, no definitive protocol was found in the literature consulted. The results vary depending on the combination of different factors, including bone type, irrigation, and drilling speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cícero Andrade Sigilião Celles
- Post-graduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Izabela Ferreira
- Post-graduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Lima da Costa Valente
- Collaborating Professor, Post-doctoral fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Wang H, Gao X, Wang B, Wang M, Liu Y, Zan T, Gao P, Liu C. Evaluation of temperature distribution for bone drilling considering aging factor. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Tsiagadigui JG, Ndiwe B, Ngo Yamben MA, Fotio N, Belinga FE, Njeugna E. The effects of multiple drilling of a bone with the same drill bit: thermal and force analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08927. [PMID: 35243056 PMCID: PMC8861400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated use of the same drill bit during drilling wears off the cutting edges, which can lead to a significant increase in heat as a result of friction, which is harmful to a bone above 55 °C. Few previous studies have examined the effects of using the same drill bit several times, on temperature. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of each drilling on temperature and force. 72 trials were performed. A total of 24 stainless steel drill bits of ∅3.2 mm were used to drill bovine bone samples. Each drill bit was used at least 3 times. T thermocouples were used to measure temperatures during each drilling test. Possible correlations of cutting parameters were studied. Tests were performed on a test rig measuring forces and temperatures during drilling. Effects of spindle speed (N), feed rate (Vf), and several trials (E) on temperature and forces were measured. Images of the drill bits were analyzed by digital microscopy before and after the drilling series for signs of wear. Temperatures increased significantly from E1 to E3. They decreased moderately with Vf. The best cutting conditions were at N = 200 rpm for Vf = 60 mm/min and N = 100 rpm for Vf = 30 mm/min drilling. At N > 200 rpm, they were very high. Temperature rise is significantly related to number of drilling (E), spindle speed (N), and inversely to feed rate (Vf). Analysis of images by digital microscopy confirmed drill bits wearing off, following the number of trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gustave Tsiagadigui
- Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, B.P: 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
- Corresponding author.
| | - Benoit Ndiwe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Marie-Ange Ngo Yamben
- Department of Surgery and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, B.P: 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nzogning Fotio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Materials Mechanics, Structures and Integrated Manufacturing, National Advanced School of Engineering, Yaoundé 1 University, BP 8390, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Ella Belinga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Ebenezer Njeugna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
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Surgical Drill Bit Design and Thermomechanical Damage in Bone Drilling: A Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:29-56. [PMID: 32860111 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As drilling generates substantial bone thermomechanical damage due to inappropriate cutting tool selection, researchers have proposed various approaches to mitigate this problem. Among these, improving the drill bit design is one of the most feasible and economical solutions. The theory and applications in drill design have been progressing, and research has been published in various fields. However, pieces of information on drill design are dispersed, and no comprehensive review paper focusing on this topic. Systemizing this information is crucial and, therefore, the impetus of this review. Here, we review not only the state-of-the-art in drill bit designs-advances in surgical drill bit design-but also the influences of each drill bit geometries on bone damage. Also, this work provides future directions for this topic and guidelines for designing an improved surgical drill bit. The information in this paper would be useful as a one-stop document for clinicians, engineers, and researchers who require information related to the tool design in bone drilling surgery.
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Bai X, Hou S, Li K, Qu Y, Zhu W. Analysis of machining process and thermal conditions during vibration-assisted cortical bone drilling based on generated bone chip morphologies. Med Eng Phys 2020; 83:73-81. [PMID: 32807351 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
When the temperature during bone drilling exceeds the safety threshold, the bone tissue surrounding the drilling site can be irreversibly damaged. To investigate the influence of vibration-assisted drilling (VAD) methods on the temperature increase during bone drilling and the causes for temperature increase, drilling experiments were performed on fresh bovine femur samples. The morphology and granularity distribution of the generated bone chips were innovatively used to directly compare the machining processes and thermal conditions of conventional drilling (CD), low-frequency vibration-assisted drilling (LFVAD), and ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling (UVAD). The experimental results indicated that LFVAD produced the lowest temperature increase of 31.4°C, whereas UVAD produced the highest temperature increase of 44.1°C with the same drilling parameters. Additionally, the morphologies and granularity distributions of the bone chips significantly differed among these methods. We concluded that the smaller temperature increase in LFVAD was mainly attributed to the improved thermal conditions resulting from the periodic cutting/separation motion and the reliable geometric chip-breaking mechanism. In contrast, the unfavourable thermal conditions of UVAD were caused by the higher applied frequency, which created a significantly larger amount of friction heat. This was the main cause for the highest observed temperature increase, resulting in bone crushing processes that generated additional heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Shujun Hou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Kai Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yunxia Qu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
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