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Through the looking-glass - Recent developments in reflectometry open new possibilities for biosensor applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu X, Jiang H. Construction and Potential Applications of Biosensors for Proteins in Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2805. [PMID: 29207528 PMCID: PMC5750678 DOI: 10.3390/s17122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors for proteins have shown attractive advantages compared to traditional techniques in clinical laboratory diagnosis. In virtue of modern fabrication modes and detection techniques, various immunosensing platforms have been reported on basis of the specific recognition between antigen-antibody pairs. In addition to profit from the development of nanotechnology and molecular biology, diverse fabrication and signal amplification strategies have been designed for detection of protein antigens, which has led to great achievements in fast quantitative and simultaneous testing with extremely high sensitivity and specificity. Besides antigens, determination of antibodies also possesses great significance for clinical laboratory diagnosis. In this review, we will categorize recent immunosensors for proteins by different detection techniques. The basic conception of detection techniques, sensing mechanisms, and the relevant signal amplification strategies are introduced. Since antibodies and antigens have an equal position to each other in immunosensing, all biosensing strategies for antigens can be extended to antibodies under appropriate optimizations. Biosensors for antibodies are summarized, focusing on potential applications in clinical laboratory diagnosis, such as a series of biomarkers for infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases, and an evaluation of vaccine immunity. The excellent performances of these biosensors provide a prospective space for future antibody-detection-based disease serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Zhang X, Zambrano A, Lin ZT, Xing Y, Rippy J, Wu T. Immunosensors for Biomarker Detection in Autoimmune Diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 65:111-121. [PMID: 27592176 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system generates proinflammatory molecules and autoantibodies that mistakenly attack their own body. Traditional diagnosis of autoimmune disease is primarily based on physician assessment combined with core laboratory tests. However, these tests are not sensitive enough to detect early molecular events, and quite often, it is too late to control these autoimmune diseases and reverse tissue damage when conventional tests show positivity for disease. It is fortunate that during the past decade, research in nanotechnology has provided enormous opportunities for the development of ultrasensitive biosensors in detecting early biomarkers with high sensitivity. Biosensors consist of a biorecognition element and a transducer which are able to facilitate an accurate detection of proinflammatory molecules, autoantibodies and other disease-causing molecules. Apparently, novel biosensors could be superior to traditional metrics in assessing the drug efficacy in clinical trials, especially when specific biomarkers are indicative of the pathogenesis of disease. Furthermore, the portability of a biosensor enables the development of point-of-care devices. In this review, various types of biomolecule sensing systems, including electrochemical, optical and mechanical sensors, and their applications and future potentials in autoimmune disease treatment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Zhang
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Amarayca Zambrano
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zuan-Tao Lin
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yikun Xing
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Justin Rippy
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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