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Tsai FP, Weng MT, Chang CH, Zeng MH, Wei SC. A simplified fecal leukocyte esterase strip test results as a low cost, widely available, alternative bowel inflammation biomarker. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00058-5. [PMID: 38331636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND /Purpose: Leukocyte esterase strips have been widely used to detect the presence of leukocyte in human body fluids. We investigated the correlation between fecal leukocyte esterase (FLE) and fecal calprotectin (FC) levels and compared manual with machine automated interpretation of FLE level. METHODS This prospective study enrolled inflammatory bowel disease and colitis patients in National Taiwan University Hospital from Dec 2021 to Feb 2022. FLE and FC measured using the same sample were compared with various FC cutoff values. The correlation between values indicated by the two tests was analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were calculated using SAS. RESULTS A total of 103 samples were analyzed. The correlation between FLE and FC level was moderate and positive (r = 0.3505, P = 0.0003). With an FLE reading more than 1+ indicating mucosa inflammation, when the FC cutoff was 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg, the sensitivities of FLE readings were 60.3 %, 74.3 %, and 84.6 %, respectively, and the specificities were 62.9 %, 58.8 %, and 58.4 %, respectively. With an FLE reading greater than 1+ indicating mucosa inflammation, FLE reflected FC with AUROC values at the optimal cutoff (500 mg/kg) of 0.72. No difference was noted between manual and machine readings for FLE. CONCLUSION Positive FLE can predict FC levels of more than 500 mg/kg. The test is widely available, produces results on the same day, and is low cost; therefore, FLE should be further investigated for use in bowel inflammation monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Pai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tzu Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu County, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hao Chang
- Clinical Trial Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huan Zeng
- Clinical Trial Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bergsland KJ, Coe FL, El-Achkar TM, Worcester EM. Increased Urinary Leukocyte Esterase Distinguishes Patients With Brushite Kidney Stones. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:1729-1731. [PMID: 34169214 PMCID: PMC8207319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Bergsland
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fredric L. Coe
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tarek M. El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elaine M. Worcester
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Cherri M, Ferraro M, Mohammadifar E, Quaas E, Achazi K, Ludwig K, Grötzinger C, Schirner M, Haag R. Biodegradable Dendritic Polyglycerol Sulfate for the Delivery and Tumor Accumulation of Cytostatic Anticancer Drugs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2569-2579. [PMID: 34061498 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery and extended blood circulation of anticancer drugs have been the challenges for decreasing the adverse side effects and improving the therapeutic efficiency in cancer chemotherapy. Herein, we present a drug delivery system (DDS) based on biodegradable dendritic polyglycerol sulfate-bearing poly(caprolactone) (dPGS-PCL) chains, which has been synthesized on 20 g scale using a straightforward two-step protocol. In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated a significant accumulation of the DDS in the tumor environment. Sunitinib, an anticancer drug, was loaded into the DDS and the drug-induced toxicity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The drug encapsulated in dPGS-PCL and the free drug showed similar toxicities in A431 and HT-29 cells, and the cellular uptake was comparable. The straightforward and large-scale synthesis, the organic solvent-free drug-loading approach, together with the tumor targetability of the biodegradable dendritic polyglycerols, render this copolymer a promising candidate for targeted cancer nanomedicine drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Cherri
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Ferraro
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ehsan Mohammadifar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Quaas
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Research Center for Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schirner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Ferraro M, Silberreis K, Mohammadifar E, Neumann F, Dernedde J, Haag R. Biodegradable Polyglycerol Sulfates Exhibit Promising Features for Anti-inflammatory Applications. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4524-4533. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Ferraro
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ehsan Mohammadifar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, CVK Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Van Biervliet S, Hauser B, Verhulst S, Stepman H, Delanghe J, Warzee JP, Pot B, Vandewiele T, Wilschanski M. Probiotics in cystic fibrosis patients: A double blind crossover placebo controlled study: Pilot study from the ESPGHAN Working Group on Pancreas/CF. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 27:59-65. [PMID: 30144894 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential positive effect of probiotics in cystic fibrosis (CF) on fecal calprotectin (FCP), pulmonary exacerbations and weight has been described in small controlled trials. METHODS A double-blind multicenter cross-over study (2 × 4 m) was performed looking at abdominal pain, nutritional status, pulmonary function, pulmonary exacerbation, FCP and lactulose/mannitol gut permeability test. Patients kept a diary with daily scoring of abdominal pain, stool frequency and consistency as well as treatment changes. RESULTS 31 CF patients entered the study of which 25 finished it. At start patients aged 9.3yrs (6.9-12.2), had a median BMI z-score of -0.5 (-1.5-0.08), height z-score of -0.4 (-1.1-0.05) and FEV1% of 100% (87.2-106.6). Median FCP at start was 61 μg/g (17-108) and gut permeability 0.079 (0.051-0.122). No significant changes were observed in the clinical parameters (BMI, FEV1%, abdominal pain, exacerbations). Despite being frequently abnormal (17/28 (61%) >50 mg/kg), FCP did not change significantly with probiotics. The proportion of patients with normal permeability was 8% during placebo and 32% during probiotic treatment (p = 0.031). FCP correlated to BMI z-score (p = 0.043) and gut permeability to abdominal pain (p = 0.015). The microbiome revealed a high predominance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteriae. Probiotic supplementation did not result in a shift at the phylum nor at phylogenetic level. CONCLUSION Normalization of gut permeability was observed in 13% of patients during probiotic treatment. However, none of the previously described effects could be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Hauser
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pediatric Gastroenterology, CF Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verhulst
- Antwerp University, Pediatric Pulmonology, CF Centre, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hedwig Stepman
- Ghent University Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Ghent University Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Bruno Pot
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michael Wilschanski
- Hadassah University Hospitals, Pediatric Gastroenterology, CF Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
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Erkens T, Bueters R, van Heerden M, Cuyckens F, Vreeken R, Goeminne N, Lammens L. Translational safety biomarkers of colonic barrier integrity in the rat. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1282-1292. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Erkens
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Ruud Bueters
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Marjolein van Heerden
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Rob Vreeken
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Nick Goeminne
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Lieve Lammens
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
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Jin P, Wang K, Huang C, Nice EC. Mining the fecal proteome: from biomarkers to personalised medicine. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:445-459. [PMID: 28361558 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1314786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fecal proteomics has gained increased prominence in recent years. It can provide insights into the diagnosis and surveillance of many bowel diseases by both identifying potential biomarkers in stool samples and helping identify disease-related pathways. Fecal proteomics has already shown its potential for the discovery and validation of biomarkers for colorectal cancer screening, and the analysis of fecal microbiota by MALDI-MS for the diagnosis of a range of bowel diseases is gaining clinical acceptance. Areas covered: Based on a comprehensive analysis of the current literature, we introduce the range of sensitive and specific proteomics methods which comprise the current 'Proteomics Toolbox', explain how the integration of fecal proteomics with data processing/bioinformatics has been used for the identification of potential biomarkers for both CRC and other gut-related pathologies and analysis of the fecal microbiome, outline some of the current fecal assays in current clinical practice and introduce the concept of personalised medicine which these technologies will help inform. Expert commentary: Integration of fecal proteomics with other proteomics and genomics strategies as well as bioinformatics is paving the way towards personalised medicine, which will bring with it improved global healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- b State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu , P.R. China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- b State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu , P.R. China.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
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Ye L, Zhang YP, Yu N, Jia YX, Wan SJ, Wang FY. Serum platelet factor 4 is a reliable activity parameter in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6323. [PMID: 28296751 PMCID: PMC5369906 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the diagnostic utility of serum platelet factor 4 (PF4) levels and to assess its accuracy in detecting inflammatory bowel disease activity.This study included 45 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 45 patients with Crohn disease (CD), and 30 control subjects at Jinling Hospital between May 2014 and July 2015. Laboratory tests measured white blood count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count. PF4 was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to disease activity: active and inactive.Median PF4 values dramatically increased in UC and CD patients compared with the healthy group (UC: 26.64 [20.00-36.22] mg/mL vs 20.02 [14.63-26.83] mg/mL, P = 0.002; CD: 25.56 [18.57-36.36] mg/mL vs 20.02 [14.63-26.83] mg/mL, P = 0.014); however, the serum PF4 levels between UC and CD failed to show a significant difference (26.64 [20.00-36.22] mg/mL vs 25.56 [18.57-36.36] mg/mL, P = 0.521). Furthermore, serum PF4 levels were elevated in both UC and CD patients with active disease (UC: 20.19 [14.89-23.53] mg/mL vs 28.86 [22.57-37.29] mg/mL, P < 0.001; CD: 18.33 [16.72-25.77] mg/mL vs 34.38 [22.58-39.92] mg/mL, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed higher PF4 level as an independent predictor of disease activity in UC and CD patients (UC: odds ratio 30.375, P = 0.002; CD: odds ratio 54.167, P < 0.001). The cut-off level of PF4 for distinguishing active from inactive UC patients was 24.1 mg/mL. While in CD patients, the cut-off level of PF4 was 19.24 mg/mL.Serum PF4 levels could be a potential biomarker for monitoring the disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | | | - Na Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Ya-Xu Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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