1
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Lenzi A, De Cristofaro M, Biagini D, Ghimenti S, Armenia S, Pugliese NR, Masi S, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Development of a high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform for the determination of intact natriuretic peptides in human plasma. Talanta 2024; 275:126077. [PMID: 38636440 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We present an innovative, reliable, and antibody-free analytical method to determine multiple intact natriuretic peptides in human plasma. These biomolecules are routinely used to confirm the diagnosis and monitor the evolution of heart failure, so that their determination is essential to improve diagnosis and monitor the efficacy of treatment. However, common immunoassay kits suffer from main limitations due to high cross-reactivity with structurally similar species. In our method, we pre-treated the sample by combining salting-out with ammonium sulfate with microextraction by packed sorbent technique. Analyses were then carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The use of 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol as a supercharger reagent enhanced the ESI ionization and improved the signal-to-noise ratio. The analytical protocol showed good linearity over one order of magnitude, recovery in the range of 94-105 %, and good intra- and inter-day reproducibility (RSD<20 %), and the presence of a matrix effect. Limits of detection were in the range of pg/mL for all peptides (0.2-20 pg/mL). Stability study in plasma samples demonstrated that proper protease inhibitors need to be included in blood collection tubes to avoid peptide degradation. Preliminary analyses on plasma samples from heart failure patients allow the quantification of ANP 1-28 as the most abundant species and the detection of ANP 5-28, BNP 1-32, and BNP 5-32. The method could be used to investigate how cross-reactivity issues among structurally similar species impact determinations by ELISA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariano De Cristofaro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Armenia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Nicola R Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Xiao P, Chen J, Wu P, Zhang W, Sun Z, Ma J, Li H. Development of an SI-traceable N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide certified reference material using structure-based impurity-corrected isotope dilution mass spectrometry approaches. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3447-3458. [PMID: 38642097 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a pivotal biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure (HF). However, no SI-traceable certified reference material (CRM) or reference measurement procedure (RMP) is available for this biomarker, and so clinical testing results obtained in different laboratories cannot be traced to a higher-order standard, leading to incomparable measurements. Protein hydrolysis and protein cleavage isotope dilution mass spectrometry (AAA-IDMS and PepA-IDMS) were used to develop a CRM. Structurally related impurities were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The quantitative AAA-IDMS results were corrected according to the amino acid compositions of the impurities. Using PepA-IDMS, two peptides from the proteolyzed product were confirmed as signature peptides. To obtain traceable and accurate results, the signature peptides were quantified using impurity-corrected AAA-IDMS. The candidate NT-proBNP solution was denatured and enzymatically digested using the Glu-C endoproteinase. The released signature peptides were measured using an isotopic dilution approach. The homogeneity and stability of the candidate CRM were characterized, and their uncertainties were combined with the value assignment process. The developed CRM can be considered a unique SI-traceable NT-proBNP reference material and is expected to be used as a primary calibrator for matrix NT-proBNP CRM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications On Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jinchao Chen
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications On Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Peize Wu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications On Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weifei Zhang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications On Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zepeng Sun
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications On Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100029, China.
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3
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Asicioglu M, Oztug M, Karaguler NG. Development of an ID-LC-MS/MS method using targeted proteomics for quantifying cardiac troponin I in human serum. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:40. [PMID: 37759177 PMCID: PMC10536812 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac troponin is a complex protein consisting of the three subunits I, T and C located in heart muscle cells. When the heart muscle is damaged, it is released into the blood and can be detected. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered the most reliable and widely accepted test for detecting and confirming acute myocardial infarction. However, there is no current standardization between the commercial assays for cTnI quantification. Our work aims to create a measurement procedure that is traceable to the International System of Units for accurately measuring cardiac cTnI levels in serum samples from patients. METHODS The workflow begins with immobilizing anti-cTnI antibodies onto magnetic nanoparticles to form complexes. These complexes are used to isolate cTnI from serum. Next, trypsin is used to enzymatically digest the isolated cTnI. Finally, the measurement of multiple cTnI peptides is done simultaneously using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS). RESULTS The maximum antibody immobilization was achieved by combining 1 mg of nanoparticles with 100 μg of antibody, resulting in an average of 59.2 ± 5.7 μg/mg of immobilized antibody. Subsequently, the anti-cTnI-magnetic nanoparticle complex was utilized to develop and validate a method for quantifying cTnI in human serum using ID-LC-MS/MS and a protein calibration approach. The analytical method was assessed regarding linearity and recovery. The developed method enables the quantification of cTnI from 0.7 to 24 μg/L (R > 0.996). The limit of quantification was 1.8 μg/L and the limit of detection was 0.6 μg/L. Intermediate precision was ≤ 9.6% and repeatability was 2.0-8.7% for all quality control materials. The accuracy of the analyzed quality control materials was between 90 and 110%. Total measurement uncertainties for target value assignment (n = 6) were found to be ≤ 12.5% for all levels. CONCLUSIONS The analytical method demonstrated high analytical performance in accurately quantifying cardiac troponin I levels in human serum. The proposed analytical method has the potential to facilitate the harmonization of cTnI results between clinical laboratories, assign target values to secondary certified reference materials and support reliable measurement of cTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Asicioglu
- TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (TUBITAK UME), Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Ocalgiray Molecular Biology-Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Oztug
- TUBITAK National Metrology Institute (TUBITAK UME), Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Gul Karaguler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Ocalgiray Molecular Biology-Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Huynh HH, Delatour V, Derbez-Morin M, Liu Q, Boeuf A, Vinh J. Candidate High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Reference Method for the Quantification of Procalcitonin in Human Serum Using a Characterized Recombinant Protein as a Primary Calibrator. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4146-4154. [PMID: 35235744 PMCID: PMC8928150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Procalcitonin
(PCT) is a widely used biomarker for rapid sepsis
diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship. Variability of results in commercial
assays has highlighted the need for standardization of PCT measurements.
An antibody-free candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) based
on the isotope dilution mass spectrometry and protein calibration
approach was developed and validated to quantify PCT in human serum.
The method allows quantification of PCT from 0.25 to 13.74 μg/L
(R > 0.998) with extension up to 132 μg/L
after
dilution of samples with PCT concentration above 13.74 μg/L.
Intraday bias was between −3.3 and +5.7%, and interday bias
was between −3.0 and −0.7%. Intraday precision was below
5.1%, and interday precision was below 4.0%. The candidate RMP was
successfully applied to the absolute quantification of PCT in five
frozen human serum pools. A recombinant PCT used as a primary calibrator
was characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry and amino acid
analysis to establish traceability of the results to the SI units.
This candidate RMP is fit to assign target values to secondary certified
reference materials (CRMs) for further use in external quality assessment
schemes to monitor the accuracy and comparability of the commercially
available immunoassay results and to confirm the need for improving
the harmonization of PCT assays. The candidate RMP will also be used
to evaluate whether the correlation between the candidate RMP and
immunoassays is sufficiently high. Overall, this candidate RMP will
support reliable sepsis diagnosis and guide treatment decisions, patient
monitoring, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Hien Huynh
- Department of Biomedical and Organic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 75724 Paris, France.,Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, SMBP, PDC UMR 8249 CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Delatour
- Department of Biomedical and Organic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 75724 Paris, France
| | - Maxence Derbez-Morin
- Department of Biomedical and Organic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 75724 Paris, France.,CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Qinde Liu
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 117528 Singapore
| | - Amandine Boeuf
- Department of Biomedical and Organic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 75724 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Vinh
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, SMBP, PDC UMR 8249 CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Forgrave LM, Wang M, Yang D, DeMarco ML. Proteoforms and their expanding role in laboratory medicine. Pract Lab Med 2022; 28:e00260. [PMID: 34950758 PMCID: PMC8672040 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “proteoforms” describes the range of different structures of a protein product of a single gene, including variations in amino acid sequence and post-translational modifications. This diversity in protein structure contributes to the biological complexity observed in living organisms. As the concentration of a particular proteoform may increase or decrease in abnormal physiological states, proteoforms have long been used in medicine as biomarkers of health and disease. Notably, the analytical approaches used to analyze proteoforms have evolved considerably over the years. While ligand binding methods continue to play a large role in proteoform measurement in the clinical laboratory, unanticipated or unknown post-translational modifications and sequence variants can upend even extensively tested and vetted assays that have successfully made it through the medical regulatory process. As an alternate approach, mass spectrometry—with its high molecular selectivity—has become an essential tool in detection, characterization, and quantification of proteoforms in biological fluids and tissues. This review explores the analytical techniques used for proteoform detection and quantification, with an emphasis on mass spectrometry and its various applications in clinical research and patient care including, revealing new biomarker targets, helping improve the design of contemporary ligand binding in vitro diagnostics, and as mass spectrometric laboratory developed tests used in routine patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Forgrave
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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6
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Corica D, Pepe G, Currò M, Aversa T, Tropeano A, Ientile R, Wasniewska M. Methods to investigate advanced glycation end-product and their application in clinical practice. Methods 2021; 203:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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7
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Development of an antibody-free ID-LC MS method for the quantification of procalcitonin in human serum at sub-microgram per liter level using a peptide-based calibration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4707-4725. [PMID: 33987701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of low abundant proteins in complex matrices by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) remains challenging. A measurement procedure based on optimized antibody-free sample preparation and isotope dilution coupled to LC-MS/MS was developed to quantify procalcitonin (PCT) in human serum at sub-microgram per liter level. A combination of sodium deoxycholate-assisted protein precipitation with acetonitrile, solid-phase extraction, and trypsin digestion assisted with Tween-20 enhanced the method sensitivity. Linearity was established through peptide-based calibration curves in the serum matrix (0.092-5.222 μg/L of PCT) with a good linear fit (R2 ≥ 0.999). Quality control materials spiked with known amounts of protein-based standards were used to evaluate the method's accuracy. The bias ranged from -2.6 to +4.3%, and the intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variations (CVs) were below 2.2% for peptide-based quality controls. A well-characterized correction factor was determined and applied to compensate for digestion incompleteness and material loss before the internal standards spike. Results with metrological traceability to the SI units were established using standard peptide of well-characterized purity determined by peptide impurity corrected amino acid analysis. The validated method enables accurate quantification of PCT in human serum at a limit of quantification down to 0.245 μg/L (bias -1.9%, precision 9.1%). The method was successfully applied to serum samples obtained from patients with sepsis. Interestingly, the PCT concentration reported implementing the isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method was twofold lower than the concentration provided by an immunoassay.
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8
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Amplatz B, Sarg B, Faserl K, Hammerer-Lercher A, Mair J, Lindner HH. Exposing the High Heterogeneity of Circulating Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Fragments in Healthy Individuals and Heart Failure Patients. Clin Chem 2021; 66:1200-1209. [PMID: 32797158 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high molecular complexity of variably O-glycosylated and degraded pro B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) derived molecular forms challenges current immunoassays. Antibodies used show pronounced differences in cross-reactivities with these circulating fragments, which still need to be better characterized on a molecular level. To pave the way for advanced quantitative assays in the future, it is critical to fully understand these circulating forms. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 8 heart failure (HF) patients and 2 healthy controls. NT-proBNP and proBNP were purified by immunoprecipitation and analyzed by nano-flow liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Fragments formed during proteolysis in solution digestion were distinguished from naturally occurring peptides by using an 18O stable isotope labeling strategy. RESULTS We detected 16 previously unknown circulating fragments of proBNP peptides (9 of which are located in the N-terminal and 7 in the C-terminal region), revealing a more advanced state of degradation than previously known. Two of these fragments are indicative of either unidentified processing modes or a far-reaching C-terminal degradation (or a combination thereof) of the precursor proBNP. CONCLUSIONS Our results further restrict ideal target epitopes for immunoassay antibodies and expand the current thinking of diversity, degradation, and processing of proBNP, as well as the distribution of circulating forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Amplatz
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Bettina Sarg
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Klaus Faserl
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck , Austria
| | | | - Johannes Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck , Austria
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9
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Huynh HH, Bœuf A, Vinh J, Delatour V. Evaluation of the necessity and the feasibility of the standardization of procalcitonin measurements: Activities of IFCC WG-PCT with involvement of all stakeholders. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 515:111-121. [PMID: 33450213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Procalcitonin (PCT) is an important biomarker for sepsis diagnosis and management. To date, there is no higher-order reference measurement procedure (RMP) and certified reference material to achieve global standardization of results and results traceability to the SI units. Although efforts have been made to harmonize PCT results, a number of comparison studies and external quality assessment (EQA) schemes show conflicting results regarding results comparability and to date, equivalence of PCT results across the assays remains questionable in absence of studies relying on commutable EQA materials. In this context, the IFCC initiated activities to fill these gaps through the creation of the working group on standardization of PCT assays that gathers experts from National Metrology Institutes, calibration laboratories, clinicians, biologists, EQA providers and assay manufacturers. Among the activities, a higher order RMP and commutable reference materials are under development to build a robust reference measurement system (RMS). A commutability study is being organized to identify EQA materials that are fit for purpose to reliably estimate the current comparability of PCT results. This work will make it possible to evaluate the necessity and the feasibility for establishing and maintaining a new RMS for PCT assays, if deemed necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Hien Huynh
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essai, Paris, France; Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, SMBP, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Bœuf
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essai, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Vinh
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, SMBP, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
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10
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Xiao P, Zhang F, Wang X, Song D, Li H. Analysis of B-type natriuretic peptide impurities using label-free data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 59:217-226. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Synthetic B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is employed in most clinical testing platforms as a raw material of calibrator. Characterization of impurities with structures similar (BNPstrimp compounds) to that of BNP is a reasonable way to decrease clinical measurement errors and improve drug safety.
Methods
A novel quantitative method targeted towards BNPstrimp compounds was developed. First, the peptide samples were separated and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). To evaluate biological activity further, BNPstrimp immunoaffinity was investigated using western blot (WB) assays. Second, a quantitative label-free data-independent acquisition (DIA) MS approach was developed, and the internal standard peptide (ISP) was hydrolyzed. Absolute quantification was performed using an isotope dilution MS (ID-MS) approach. Third, method precision was investigated using the C-peptide reference material.
Results
Seventeen BNPstrimp compounds were identified in synthetic BNP, and 10 of them were successfully sequenced. The immunoassay results indicated that deaminated, oxidized, and isomerized BNPstrimp compounds exhibited weaker immunoaffinity than intact BNP1-32. The mass fraction of the synthetic solid ISP1-16, quantified by ID-MS, was 853.5 (±17.8) mg/g. Validation results indicated that the developed method was effective and accurate for the quantitation of the well-separated BNP impurities.
Conclusions
The developed approach was easy to perform, and it was suitable for the parallel quantification of low-abundance BNPstrimp compounds when they performed a good separation in liquid chromatography. The quantitative results were comparable and traceable. This approach is a promising tool for BNP product quality and safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science , National Institute of Metrology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products , Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology , Qinhuangdao , PR China
| | - Xinxue Wang
- Chemical Engineering Institute , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Dewei Song
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science , National Institute of Metrology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science , National Institute of Metrology , Beijing , PR China
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11
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Feygina EE, Artemieva MM, Postnikov AB, Tamm NN, Bloshchitsyna MN, Medvedeva NA, Katrukha AG, Semenov AG. Detection of Neprilysin-Derived BNP Fragments in the Circulation: Possible Insights for Targeted Neprilysin Inhibition Therapy for Heart Failure. Clin Chem 2019; 65:1239-1247. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.303438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Entresto™ is a new heart failure (HF) therapy that includes the neprilysin (NEP) inhibitor sacubitril. One of the NEP substrates is B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP); its augmentation by NEP inhibition is considered as a possible mechanism for the positive effects of Entresto. We hypothesized that the circulating products of BNP proteolysis by NEP might reflect NEP impact on the metabolism of active BNP. We suggest that NEP-based BNP cleavage at position 17–18 results in BNP ring opening and formation of a novel epitope with C-terminal Arg-17 (BNP-neo17 form). In this study, we use a specific immunoassay to explore BNP-neo17 in a rat model and HF patient plasma.
METHODS
We injected BNP into rats, with or without NEP inhibition with sacubitril. BNP-neo17 in plasma samples at different time points was measured with a specific immunoassay with neglectable cross-reactivity to intact forms. BNP-neo17 and total BNP were measured in EDTA plasma samples of HF patients.
RESULTS
BNP-neo17 generation in rat circulation was prevented by NEP inhibition. The maximum 13.2-fold difference in BNP-neo17 concentrations with and without sacubitril was observed at 2 min after injection. BNP-neo17 concentrations in 32 HF patient EDTA plasma samples ranged from 0 to 37 pg/mL (median, 5.4; interquartile range, 0–9.1). BNP-neo17/total BNP had no correlation with total BNP concentration (with r = −0.175, P = 0.680) and showed variability among individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
BNP-neo17 formation is NEP dependent. Considering that BNP-neo17 is generated from the active form of BNP by NEP, we speculate that BNP-neo17 may reflect both the NEP activity and natriuretic potential and serve for HF therapy guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya E Feygina
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina M Artemieva
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander B Postnikov
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia N Tamm
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina N Bloshchitsyna
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A Medvedeva
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Semenov
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Critical reagent screening and characterization: benefits and approaches for protein biomarker assays by hybrid LC–MS. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:785-795. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, hybrid ligand-binding assays (LBAs)/LC–MS assays have been increasingly used for quantitation of protein biomarkers in biological matrices. However, unlike in LBAs where the importance of critical reagent screening and characterization is well understood and widely reported, benefits of well-characterized hybrid LC–MS assay reagents are frequently underestimated. Two groups of analyte-specific reagents, binding reagents and assay calibrators, are considered the critical reagents for biomarker assays. In this article, we summarize the similarities and differences of critical reagents used in LBAs and hybrid LC–MS assays, overview the benefits and approaches of critical reagent screening, characterization, antibody conjugation and discuss bioanalytical considerations in hybrid LC–MS assay development for robust measurements of protein biomarkers in biological matrices.
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Xiao P, Li H, Li X, Song D. Analytical barriers in clinical B-type natriuretic peptide measurement and the promising analytical methods based on mass spectrometry technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 57:954-966. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a circulating biomarker that is mainly applied in heart failure (HF) diagnosis and to monitor disease progression. Because some identical amino acid sequences occur in the precursor and metabolites of BNP, undesirable cross-reactions are common in immunoassays. This review first summarizes current analytical methods, such as immunoassay- and mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches, including the accuracy of measurement and the inconsistency of the results. Second, the review presents some promising approaches to resolve the current barriers in clinical BNP measurement, such as how to decrease cross-reactions and increase the measurement consistency. Specific approaches include research on novel BNP assays with higher-specificity chemical antibodies, the development of International System of Units (SI)-traceable reference materials, and the development of structure characterization methods based on state-of-the-art ambient and ion mobility MS technologies. The factors that could affect MS analysis are also discussed, such as biological sample cleanup and peptide ionization efficiency. The purpose of this review is to explore and identify the main problems in BNP clinical measurement and to present three types of approaches to resolve these problems, namely, materials, methods and instruments. Although novel approaches are proposed here, in practice, it is worth noting that the BNP-related peptides including unprocessed proBNP were all measured in clinical BNP assays. Therefore, approaches that aimed to measure a specific BNP or proBNP might be an effective way for the standardization of a particular BNP form measurement, instead of the standardization of “total” immunoreactive BNP assays in clinical at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science , National Institute of Metrology , Beijing 100029 , P.R. China , Phone: +86-10-64228896, Fax: +86-10-64271639
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science , National Institute of Metrology , Beijing 100029 , P.R. China , Phone: +86-10-64228896, Fax: +86-10-64271639
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science , National Institute of Metrology , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Dewei Song
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science , National Institute of Metrology , Beijing , P.R. China
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Standardization of BNP and NT-proBNP Immunoassays in Light of the Diverse and Complex Nature of Circulating BNP-Related Peptides. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 85:1-30. [PMID: 29655458 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the N-terminal fragment of the BNP precursor (NT-proBNP) are widely used as heart failure (HF) biomarkers. Since the discovery of BNP in 1988, much effort has been allocated to the precise detection of BNP and NT-proBNP levels for reliable HF diagnostics. As a result, measurements of these biomarkers are globally accepted and used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of acute and chronic HF, risk stratification, and monitoring response to therapy. Several immunoassays specific for BNP and NT-proBNP are currently commercially available. Recent comparative studies show that there are marked differences between different BNP and NT-proBNP assays and platforms, and the results of measurements are not comparable enough. The lack of equivalence between the assays complicates the interpretation of the results and renders the cut-off points for diagnostic decisions to be method dependent. Presently, there is no agreement on what kind of BNP or NT-proBNP standard should be used for calibration, and a certified reference material as well as reference measurement procedures are lacking. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the available data on the complex nature of BNP-related peptides, specificity for existing BNP and NT-proBNP immunoassays, and to discuss potential approaches for standardization of BNP and NT-proBNP measurements.
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