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Klobučar I, Hinteregger H, Lechleitner M, Trbušić M, Pregartner G, Berghold A, Sattler W, Frank S, Degoricija V. Association between Serum Free Fatty Acids and Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3197. [PMID: 38137418 PMCID: PMC10740773 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about the association between individual serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and clinical and laboratory parameters (indicators of heart failure severity) in acute heart failure (AHF) patients. Here, the baseline serum levels of FFAs, 16:0 (palmitic acid), 16:1 (palmitoleic acid), 18:0 (stearic acid), 18:1 (oleic acid), 18:2 (linoleic acid), 18:3 (alpha-linolenic acid or gamma-linolenic acid), 20:4 (arachidonic acid), 20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid), and 22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid), were determined in 304 AHF patients (94.7% belonged to New York Heart Association functional class IV) using gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the associations between the individual and total (the sum of all FFAs) FFAs and clinical and laboratory parameters. After applying a Bonferroni correction to correct for multiple testing, the total FFAs, as well as the individual FFAs (except FFAs 18:0, 20:5, and 22:6), were found to be significantly positively correlated with serum albumin. Only a few additional associations were found: FFA 16:0 was significantly negatively correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure, FFA 18:3 was significantly negatively correlated with C-reactive protein and body mass index, and FFA 20:4 was significantly negatively correlated with blood urea nitrogen. Based on our results, we conclude that in patients with severe AHF, individual and total serum FFAs are slightly associated with established laboratory and clinical parameters, which are indicators of heart failure severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Klobučar
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Helga Hinteregger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (M.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (M.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Matias Trbušić
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (M.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (M.L.); (W.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (M.L.); (W.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Görs PE, Wittenhofer P, Ayala-Cabrera JF, Meckelmann SW. Potential of atmospheric pressure ionization sources for the analysis of free fatty acids in clinical and biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6621-6634. [PMID: 35851410 PMCID: PMC9411222 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because of the central role of fatty acids in biological systems, their accurate quantification is still important. However, the impact of the complex matrix of biologically and clinically relevant samples such as plasma, serum, or cells makes the analysis still challenging, especially, when free non-esterified fatty acids have to be quantified. Here we developed and characterized a novel GC–MS method using pentafluorobenzyl bromide as a derivatization agent and compared different ionization techniques such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure chemical photoionization (APPI), and negative ion chemical ionization (NICI). The GC-APCI-MS showed the lowest limits of detection from 30 to 300 nM for a broad range of fatty acids and a similar response for various fatty acids from a chain length of 10 to 20 carbon atoms. This allows the number of internal standards necessary for accurate quantification to be reduced. Moreover, the use of pentafluorobenzyl bromide allows the direct derivatization of free fatty acids making them accessible for GC–MS analysis without labor-intense sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Görs
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Wittenhofer
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Juan F Ayala-Cabrera
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Yu Y, Jin C, Zhao C, Zhu S, Meng S, Ma H, Wang J, Xiang M. Serum Free Fatty Acids Independently Predict Adverse Outcomes in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:761537. [PMID: 35004879 PMCID: PMC8727366 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Perturbation of energy metabolism exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, serving as a potential therapeutic target in congestive heart failure. Although circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) are linked to insulin resistance and risk of coronary heart disease, it still remains unclear whether circulating FFAs are associated with the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Methods: This single-center, observational cohort study enrolled 183 AHF patients (de novo heart failure or decompensated chronic heart failure) in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. All-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) rehospitalization within 1 year after discharge were investigated. Serum FFAs were modeled as quartiles as well as a continuous variable (per SD of FFAs). The restricted cubic splines and cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate the association between the serum FFAs level and all-cause mortality or HF rehospitalization. Results: During a 1-year follow-up, a total of 71 (38.8%) patients had all-cause mortality or HF rehospitalization. The levels of serum FFAs positively contributed to the risk of death or HF rehospitalization, which was not associated with the status of insulin resistance. When modeled with restricted cubic splines, the serum FFAs increased linearly for the incidence of death or HF rehospitalization. In a multivariable analysis adjusting for sex, age, body-mass index, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptid, each SD (303.07 μmol/L) higher FFAs were associated with 26% higher risk of death or HF rehospitalization (95% confidence interval, 2–55%). Each increasing quartile of FFAs was associated with differentially elevated hazard ratios for death or HF rehospitalization of 1 (reference), 1.71 (95% confidence interval, [0.81, 3.62]), 1.41 (95% confidence interval, [0.64, 3.09]), and 3.18 (95% confidence interval, [1.53, 6.63]), respectively. Conclusion: Serum FFA levels at admission among patients with AHF were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Additional studies are needed to determine the causal-effect relationship between FFAs and acute cardiac dysfunction and whether FFAs could be a potential target for AHF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunna Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengchen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Härdrich M, Haase-Fielitz A, Fielitz J, Boschmann M, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Pfeiffer AFH, Rudovich N, Weylandt KH, Butter C. Physical Performance and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Men and Women after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010203. [PMID: 35011078 PMCID: PMC8747609 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Men and women with valvular heart disease have different risk profiles for clinical endpoints. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are possibly involved in cardio-metabolic disease. However, it is unclear whether NEFA concentrations are associated with physical performance in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and whether there are sex-specific effects. Methods: To test the hypothesis that NEFA concentration is associated with sex-specific physical performance, we prospectively analysed data from one hundred adult patients undergoing TAVI. NEFA concentrations, physical performance and anthropometric parameters were measured before and 6 and 12 months after TAVI. Physical performance was determined by a six-minute walking test (6-MWT) and self-reported weekly bicycle riding time. Results: Before TAVI, NEFA concentrations were higher in patients (44 women, 56 men) compared to the normal population. Median NEFA concentrations at 6 and 12 months after TAVI were within the reference range reported in the normal population in men but not women. Men but not women presented with an increased performance in the 6-MWT over time (p = 0.026, p = 0.142, respectively). Additionally, men showed an increased ability to ride a bicycle after TAVI compared to before TAVI (p = 0.034). NEFA concentrations before TAVI correlated with the 6-MWT before TAVI in women (Spearman’s rho −0.552; p = 0.001) but not in men (Spearman’s rho −0.007; p = 0.964). No association was found between NEFA concentrations and physical performance 6 and 12 months after TAVI. Conclusions: NEFA concentrations improved into the reference range in men but not women after TAVI. Men but not women have an increased physical performance after TAVI. No association between NEFA and physical performance was observed in men and women after TAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Härdrich
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Brandenburg Bernau, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, 16321 Bernau, Germany; (M.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Anja Haase-Fielitz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Brandenburg Bernau, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, 16321 Bernau, Germany; (M.H.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Social Medicine & Health Care Systems Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3338-694-649; Fax: +49-3338-694-644
| | - Jens Fielitz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Experimental & Clinical Research Centre (ECRC), a Joint Cooperation between Charité—University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Centre (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental & Clinical Research Centre (ECRC), a Joint Cooperation between Charité—University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Centre (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum Für Diabetesforschung e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (Deutsches Zentrum Für Diabetesforschung e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spital STS AG, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Bülach, 8180 Bülach, Switzerland
| | - Karsten H. Weylandt
- Medical Department, Divisions of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Haematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ruppiner Kliniken, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany;
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Brandenburg Bernau, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, 16321 Bernau, Germany; (M.H.); (C.B.)
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Xin Y, Zhang J, Fan Y, Wang C. Serum free fatty acids are associated with severe coronary artery calcification, especially in diabetes: a retrospective study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:343. [PMID: 34266394 PMCID: PMC8281587 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations are associated with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus (DM). Few studies focused on the relationship between serum FFA levels and coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods This was a retrospective, single-centered study recruiting patients underwent FFA quantification, coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). CAC severity was assessed with the maximum calcific angle (arc) of the calcified plaque scanned by IVUS. Patients with an arc ≥ 180° were classified into the severe CAC (SCAC) group, and those with an arc < 180° were classified into the non-SCAC group. Clinical characteristics, serum indices were compared between 2 groups. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curves (AUC) were performed. Results Totally, 426 patients with coronary artery disease were consecutively included. Serum FFA levels were significantly higher in the SCAC group than non-SCAC group (6.62 ± 2.17 vs. 5.13 ± 1.73 mmol/dl, p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that serum FFAs were independently associated with SCAC after adjusting for confounding factors in the whole cohort (OR 1.414, CI 1.237–1.617, p < 0.001), the non-DM group (OR 1.273, CI 1.087–1.492, p = 0.003) and the DM group (OR 1.939, CI 1.388–2.710, p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed a serum FFA AUC of 0.695 (CI 0.641–0.750, p < 0.001) in the whole population. The diagnostic predictability was augmented (AUC = 0.775, CI 0.690–0.859, p < 0.001) in the DM group and decreased (AUC = 0.649, CI 0.580–0.718, p < 0.001) in the non-DM group. Conclusions Serum FFA levels were independently associated with SCAC, and could have some predictive capacity for SCAC. The association was strongest in the DM group. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02152-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxun Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang SM, Ye LF, Wang LH. Shenmai Injection Improves Energy Metabolism in Patients With Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:459. [PMID: 32362824 PMCID: PMC7181884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the application of Shenmai (SM) injection, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to treat heart failure (HF) has been gradually accepted in China. However, whether SM improves energy metabolism in patients with HF has not been determined due to the lack of high-quality studies. We aimed to investigate the influence of SM on energy metabolism in patients with HF. Methods This single-blind, controlled study randomly assigned 120 eligible patients equally into three groups receiving SM, trimetazidine (TMZ), or control in addition to standard medical treatment for HF for 7 days. The primary endpoints were changes in free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, lactic acid (LA), pyroracemic acid (pyruvate, PA) and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) in serum. The secondary outcomes included the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, TCM syndrome score (TCM-s), left ventricular injection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular internal dimension systole (LVIDs), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Results After treatment for 1 week, the NYHA functional classification, TCM-s, and BNP level gradually decreased in the patients in all three groups, but these metrics were significantly increased in the patients in the SM group compared with those in the patients in the TMZ and control groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, energy metabolism was improved in the NYHA III–IV patients in the SM group compared with those in the patients in the TMZ and control groups as evidenced by changes in the serum levels of FFA, LA, PA, and BCAA. Conclusions Integrative treatment with SM in addition to standard medical treatment for HF was associated with improved cardiac function compared to standard medical treatment alone. The benefit of SM in HF may be related to an improvement in energy metabolism, which seems to be more remarkable than that following treatment with TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Mei Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li-Fang Ye
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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