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Wang Y, Fei J, Xu J, Cheng ZY, Ma YC, Wu JH, Yang J, Zhao H, Fu L. Associations of the Serum KL-6 with Severity and Prognosis in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Lung 2024; 202:245-255. [PMID: 38743087 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a biomarker of alveolar-capillary basement membrane injury, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is involved in the occurrence and development of pulmonary diseases. However, the role of the KL-6 in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has yet to be elucidated. This prospective study was designed to clarify the associations of the serum KL-6 with the severity and prognosis in patients with AECOPD. METHODS This study enrolled 199 eligible AECOPD patients. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were recorded. Follow-up was tracked to evaluate acute exacerbation and death. The serum KL-6 concentration was measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum KL-6 level at admission was higher in AECOPD patients than in control subjects. The serum KL-6 concentration gradually elevated with increasing severity of AECOPD. Pearson and Spearman analyses revealed that the serum KL-6 concentration was positively correlated with the severity score, monocyte count and concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase in AECOPD patients during hospitalization. A statistical analysis of long-term follow-up data showed that elevated KL-6 level at admission was associated with longer hospital stays, an increased risk of future frequent acute exacerbations, and increased severity of exacerbation in COPD patients. CONCLUSION Serum KL-6 level at admission is positively correlated with increased disease severity, prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of future acute exacerbations in COPD patients. There are positive dose-response associations of elevated serum KL-6 with severity and poor prognosis in COPD patients. The serum KL-6 concentration could be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in AECOPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ju-Hong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Portacci A, Iorillo I, Maselli L, Amendolara M, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Carpagnano GE. The Role of Galectins in Asthma Pathophysiology: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4271-4285. [PMID: 38785528 PMCID: PMC11119966 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins with several roles in immune response, cellular adhesion, and inflammation development. Current evidence suggest that these proteins could play a crucial role in many respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and respiratory infections. From this standpoint, an increasing body of evidence have recognized galectins as potential biomarkers involved in several aspects of asthma pathophysiology. Among them, galectin-3 (Gal-3), galectin-9 (Gal-9), and galectin-10 (Gal-10) are the most extensively studied in human and animal asthma models. These galectins can affect T helper 2 (Th2) and non-Th2 inflammation, mucus production, airway responsiveness, and bronchial remodeling. Nevertheless, while higher Gal-3 and Gal-9 concentrations are associated with a stronger degree of Th-2 phlogosis, Gal-10, which forms Charcot-Leyden Crystals (CLCs), correlates with sputum eosinophilic count, interleukin-5 (IL-5) production, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) secretion. Finally, several galectins have shown potential in clinical response monitoring after inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and biologic therapies, confirming their potential role as reliable biomarkers in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Portacci
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Iorillo
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Leonardo Maselli
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Monica Amendolara
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | | | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
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Liu P, Wang Y, Chen C, Liu H, Ye J, Zhang X, Ma C, Zhao D. Research trends on airway remodeling: A bibliometrics analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24824. [PMID: 38333835 PMCID: PMC10850909 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Airway remodeling is an essential pathological basis of respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD, which is significantly related to pulmonary function and clinical symptoms. And pulmonary disease can be improved by regulating airway remodeling. This study aimed to establish a knowledge map of airway remodeling to clarify current research hotspots and future research trends. Methods A comprehensive search was performed to analyze all relevant articles on airway remodeling using the Web of Science Core Collection Database from January 01, 2004 to June 03, 2023.2 reviewers screened the retrieved literature. Besides, the CiteSpace (6.2. R3) and VOSviewer (1.6.19) were utilized to visualize the research focus and trend regarding the effect of airway remodeling. Results A total of 4077 articles about airway remodeling were retrieved. The United States is the country with the most published literature, underscoring the country's role in airway remodeling. In recent years, China has been the country with the fastest growth in the number of published literature, suggesting that China will play a more critical role in airway remodeling in the future. From the perspective of co-operation among countries, European co-operation was closer than Asian co-operation. The co-citation analysis showed that 98,313 citations were recorded in 3594 articles, and 25 clusters could be realized. In recent years, Burst detection shows that oxidative stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition are hot words. Conclusions Based on the bibliometric analysis of airway remodeling studies in the past 20 years, a multi-level knowledge structure map was drawn, it mainly includes countries, institutions, research fields, authors, journals, keywords and so on. The research directions represented by obstructive airway disease, PDGF-BB treatment of airway smooth muscle, allergen-induced airway remodeling, extracellular matrix, and non-coding RNA are the research hotspots in the field of airway remodeling. While the risk factors for airway remodeling, the application of new noninvasively assessing tools, biomarkers as well as The molecular mechanism represented by EMT and autophagy had been frontiers in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Changxiu Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
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Savin IA, Zenkova MA, Sen’kova AV. Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16042. [PMID: 38003234 PMCID: PMC10671561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent respiratory system inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and airflow obstruction. Airway remodeling, defined as changes in airway wall structure such as extensive epithelial damage, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and subepithelial fibrosis, is a key feature of asthma. Lung fibrosis is a common occurrence in the pathogenesis of fatal and long-term asthma, and it is associated with disease severity and resistance to therapy. It can thus be regarded as an irreversible consequence of asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Asthma heterogeneity presents several diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing between chronic asthma and other pulmonary diseases characterized by disruption of normal lung architecture and functions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The search for instruments that can predict the development of irreversible structural changes in the lungs, such as chronic components of airway remodeling and fibrosis, is particularly difficult. To overcome these challenges, significant efforts are being directed toward the discovery and investigation of molecular characteristics and biomarkers capable of distinguishing between different types of asthma as well as between asthma and other pulmonary disorders with similar structural characteristics. The main features of bronchial asthma etiology, pathogenesis, and morphological characteristics as well as asthma-associated airway remodeling and lung fibrosis as successive stages of one process will be discussed in this review. The most common murine models and biomarkers of asthma progression and post-asthmatic fibrosis will also be covered. The molecular mechanisms and key cellular players of the asthmatic process described and systematized in this review are intended to help in the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets for asthma prediction and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev Ave 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
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