1
|
Sun YV, Liu C, Staimez L, Ali MK, Chang H, Kondal D, Patel S, Jones D, Mohan V, Tandon N, Prabhakaran D, Quyyumi AA, Narayan KMV, Agrawal A. Cardiovascular disease risk and pathophysiology in South Asians: can longitudinal multi-omics shed light? Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:255. [PMID: 34136649 PMCID: PMC8176264 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16336.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in South Asia, with rapidly increasing prevalence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hyperlipidemia over the last two decades. Atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) affects South Asians earlier in life and at lower body weights, which is not fully explained by differential burden of conventional risk factors. Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome of heterogeneous structural phenotypes including two major clinical subtypes, HF with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The prevalence of HF in South Asians is also rising with other metabolic diseases, and HFpEF develops at younger age and leaner body mass index in South Asians than in Whites. Recent genome-wide association studies, epigenome-wide association studies and metabolomic studies of ASCVD and HF have identified genes, metabolites and pathways associated with CVD traits. However, these findings were mostly driven by samples of European ancestry, which may not accurately represent the CVD risk at the molecular level, and the unique risk profile of CVD in South Asians. Such bias, while formulating hypothesis-driven research studies, risks missing important causal or predictive factors unique to South Asians. Importantly, a longitudinal design of multi-omic markers can capture the life-course risk and natural history related to CVD, and partially disentangle putative causal relationship between risk factors, multi-omic markers and subclinical and clinical ASCVD and HF. In conclusion, combining high-resolution untargeted metabolomics with epigenomics of rigorous, longitudinal design will provide comprehensive unbiased molecular characterization of subclinical and clinical CVD among South Asians. A thorough understanding of CVD-associated metabolomic profiles, together with advances in epigenomics and genomics, will lead to more accurate estimates of CVD progression and stimulate new strategies for improving cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lisa Staimez
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Howard Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Shivani Patel
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dean Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swynghedauw B, Delcayre C, Samuel JL, Mebazaa A, Cohen-Solal A. Molecular mechanisms in evolutionary cardiology failure. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1188:58-67. [PMID: 20201887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Integration of the relevant evolutionary paradigm in cardiology has not yet been fully achieved: In the past, heart failure (HF) was mainly ascribed to infections, and the origins of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) were regarded as mechanical. Recent changes in lifestyle have both reduced the incidence of infections and increased lifespan, and HF is now seen as a complex disease--one that is still caused by mechanical disorder, but also associated with ischemia and senescence. The long-held view that CH serves to restore myocardial economy back to normal is still valid. The adaptive process is characterized by a quantitative and a qualitative fetal gene reprogramming, which is now being confirmed by recent advances in microRNA research. It underscores the fact CH is the physiologic reaction of the heart to a pathologic stimulus. The goal for therapy is economic, not inotropic. Another major issue is myocardial fibrosis, a major determinant of diastolic function and arrhythmias. Recent changes in lifestyle have crucially modified the context in which HF occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Swynghedauw
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U942, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muller J, Mehlen A, Vetter G, Yatskou M, Muller A, Chalmel F, Poch O, Friederich E, Vallar L. Design and evaluation of Actichip, a thematic microarray for the study of the actin cytoskeleton. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:294. [PMID: 17727702 PMCID: PMC2077341 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in supporting and regulating numerous cellular processes. Mutations or alterations in the expression levels affecting the actin cytoskeleton system or related regulatory mechanisms are often associated with complex diseases such as cancer. Understanding how qualitative or quantitative changes in expression of the set of actin cytoskeleton genes are integrated to control actin dynamics and organisation is currently a challenge and should provide insights in identifying potential targets for drug discovery. Here we report the development of a dedicated microarray, the Actichip, containing 60-mer oligonucleotide probes for 327 genes selected for transcriptome analysis of the human actin cytoskeleton. Results Genomic data and sequence analysis features were retrieved from GenBank and stored in an integrative database called Actinome. From these data, probes were designed using a home-made program (CADO4MI) allowing sequence refinement and improved probe specificity by combining the complementary information recovered from the UniGene and RefSeq databases. Actichip performance was analysed by hybridisation with RNAs extracted from epithelial MCF-7 cells and human skeletal muscle. Using thoroughly standardised procedures, we obtained microarray images with excellent quality resulting in high data reproducibility. Actichip displayed a large dynamic range extending over three logs with a limit of sensitivity between one and ten copies of transcript per cell. The array allowed accurate detection of small changes in gene expression and reliable classification of samples based on the expression profiles of tissue-specific genes. When compared to two other oligonucleotide microarray platforms, Actichip showed similar sensitivity and concordant expression ratios. Moreover, Actichip was able to discriminate the highly similar actin isoforms whereas the two other platforms did not. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that Actichip is a powerful alternative to commercial high density microarrays for cytoskeleton gene profiling in normal or pathological samples. Actichip is available upon request.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Analyse Génique et de Modélisation, Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique et Génomique Intégratives, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Inserm, U596; CNRS, UMR7104, F-67400 Illkirch, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André Mehlen
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Analyse Génique et de Modélisation, Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Guillaume Vetter
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Analyse Génique et de Modélisation, Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Cytoskeleton and cell plasticity laboratory, Life Sciences RU, University of Luxembourg, 162a Avenue de la faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mikalai Yatskou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Analyse Génique et de Modélisation, Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Analyse Génique et de Modélisation, Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique et Génomique Intégratives, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Inserm, U596; CNRS, UMR7104, F-67400 Illkirch, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- GERHM-Inserm U625, Université Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Bt 13, Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Olivier Poch
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique et Génomique Intégratives, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Inserm, U596; CNRS, UMR7104, F-67400 Illkirch, Université Louis Pasteur, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Evelyne Friederich
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Analyse Génique et de Modélisation, Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Cytoskeleton and cell plasticity laboratory, Life Sciences RU, University of Luxembourg, 162a Avenue de la faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Analyse Génique et de Modélisation, Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Babick AP, Dhalla NS. Role of subcellular remodeling in cardiac dysfunction due to congestive heart failure. Med Princ Pract 2007; 16:81-9. [PMID: 17303941 DOI: 10.1159/000098358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alterations in the size and shape of the heart (cardiac remodeling) are considered in explaining cardiac dysfunction during the development of congestive heart failure (CHF), there are several conditions including initial stages of cardiac hypertrophy, where cardiac remodeling has also been found to be associated with either an increased or no change in heart function. Extensive studies have indicated that cardiac dysfunction is related to defects in one or more subcellular organelles such as myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma, depending upon the stage of CHF. Such subcellular abnormalities in the failing hearts have been shown to occur at both genetic and protein levels. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system has been reported to partially attenuate changes in subcellular protein, gene expression, functional activities and cardiac performance in CHF. These observations provide support for the role of subcellular remodeling (alterations in molecular and biochemical composition of subcellular organelles) in cardiac dysfunction in the failing heart. On the basis of existing knowledge, it appears that subcellular remodeling during the process of cardiac remodeling plays a major role in the development of cardiac dysfunction in CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Babick
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|