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Dams S, Holasek S, Tsiountsioura M, Malliga DE, Meier-Allard N, Poncza B, Lackner S, Jansenberger Y, Lamprecht M. An encapsulated fruit, vegetable and berry juice powder concentrate increases plasma values of specific carotenoids and vitamins. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:77-86. [PMID: 31726948 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins and carotenoids are organic compounds that are important for vital functions of the human organism. Since the human body is not able to synthesize most of these micronutrients, they need to be supplied by the intake of food or supplements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a whole food based, encapsulated fruit, berry, and vegetable juice powder concentrate provides bioavailable carotenoids and vitamins A (all-trans retinol), E and C. Eighteen healthy subjects received 6 capsules a day for 8 weeks, which provided 2.91 mg β-carotene, 490 μg vitamin A, 18.7 mg vitamin E, 159 mg vitamin C, 6.1 mg lutein and 1 mg lycopene. Plasma concentrations of several carotenoids and vitamins before and after supplementation were measured. After 8 weeks of supplementation, the plasma concentration of the following carotenoids increased significantly: α-carotene increased from 59.6 ± 22.4 nmol/L to 85.7 ± 24.2 nmol/L (p = 0.002), β-cryptoxanthin from 106.7 ± 39.8 nmol/L to 151.9 ± 57.9 nmol/L (p = 0.017), and lycopene from 1.2 ± 0.5 μmol/L to 1.7 ± 0.5 μmol/L (p = 0.005). Significant increases were also observed for plasma concentrations of vitamin C from 70 ± 20 μmol/L to 90 ± 10 μmol/L (p < 0.001), all-trans retinol from 1.99 ± 0.24 μmol/L to 2.30 ± 0.66 μmol/L (p = 0.015), and α-tocopherol from 27 ± 6 μmol/L to 32 ± 6 μmol/L (p = 0.008). For those micronutrients with accepted plasma reference ranges, all observed increases levelled off around the upper limit of the individual reference range. The data demonstrate that the investigated supplement is able to increase plasma concentrations of certain carotenoids and vitamins of healthy subjects within 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dams
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melina Tsiountsioura
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniela-Eugenia Malliga
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Poncza
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yvonne Jansenberger
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+ Science Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Cultivation and Immortalization of Human B-Cells Producing a Human Monoclonal IgM Antibody Binding to MDA-LDL: Further Evidence for Formation of Atherogenic MDA-LDL Adducts in Humans In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6047142. [PMID: 29250300 PMCID: PMC5700503 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6047142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oLDL) is firmly believed to play an important role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) is one of the major lipid peroxidation breakdown products involved in this process. In recent decades, antibodies against MDA-LDL have been detected in human and animal sera. In our study, human B-cells from the peripheral blood of a healthy female donor were fused with the SP2/0 mouse myeloma cell line. Antibody-producing hybridomas were detected by MDA-LDL-IgG/IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Cu++-oxidized LDL IgG/IgM (oLAb) ELISA. Cells with supernatants emitting positive signals for antibodies were then cloned and after sufficient multiplication frozen and stored under liquid nitrogen. Due to the loss of antibody-producing ability, we established an MDA-LDL-IgM-producing cell line by recloning. This allowed isolation and immortalization of several human B-cells. The human donor had not been immunized with MDA-modified proteins, thus obviously producing MDA-LDL antibodies in vivo. Furthermore, using these antibodies for in vitro experiments, we were able to demonstrate that MDA epitopes are among the epitopes generated during Cu++-LDL oxidation as well. Finally, these antibodies compete in ELISA and cell culture experiments with MDA as a challenging toxin or ligand.
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Lačná J, Foret F, Kubáň P. Sensitive determination of malondialdehyde in exhaled breath condensate and biological fluids by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection. Talanta 2017; 169:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zheng J, Zhou Y, Li S, Zhang P, Zhou T, Xu DP, Li HB. Effects and Mechanisms of Fruit and Vegetable Juices on Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E555. [PMID: 28273863 PMCID: PMC5372571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have indicated that consumption of vegetables and fruits are positively related to lower incidence of several chronic noncommunicable diseases. Although composition of fruit and vegetable juices is different from that of the edible portion of fruits and vegetables, they contain polyphenols and vitamins from fruits and vegetables. Drinking vegetable and fruit juices is very popular in many countries, and also an efficient way to improve consumption of fruits and vegetables. The studies showed that fruit and vegetable juices affect cardiovascular risk factors, such as lowering blood pressure and improving blood lipid profiles. The main mechanisms of action included antioxidant effects, improvement of the aspects of the cardiovascular system, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory effects, and prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia. Drinking juices might be a potential way to improve cardiovascular health, especially mixtures of juices because they contain a variety of polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals from different fruits and vegetables. This review summarizes recent studies on the effects of fruit and vegetable juices on indicators of cardiovascular disease, and special attention is paid to the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zeliger HI. Predicting disease onset in clinically healthy people. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 9:39-54. [PMID: 28652846 PMCID: PMC5458104 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all human disease is induced by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, which is caused by toxic environmental exposure, the presence of disease, lifestyle choices, stress, chronic inflammation or combinations of these, is responsible for most disease. Oxidative stress from all sources is additive and it is the total oxidative stress from all sources that induces the onset of most disease. Oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation, which in turn produces Malondialdehyde. Serum malondialdehyde level is an additive parameter resulting from all sources of oxidative stress and, therefore, is a reliable indicator of total oxidative stress which can be used to predict the onset of disease in clinically asymptomatic individuals and to suggest the need for treatment that can prevent much human disease.
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Chiras D, Kitsos G, Petersen MB, Skalidakis I, Kroupis C. Oxidative stress in dry age-related macular degeneration and exfoliation syndrome. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 52:12-27. [PMID: 25319011 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.968703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to cellular or molecular damage caused by reactive oxygen species, which especially occurs in age-related conditions as a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defense response. Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and exfoliation syndrome (XFS) are two common and complex age-related conditions that can cause irreversible vision loss. Two subtypes of AMD, which is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world, exist: the most prevalent dry type and the most severe wet type. Early dry AMD is characterized by formation of drusen, which are sub-retinal deposits, in the macular area and may progress to geographic atrophy with more dramatic manifestation. XFS is a systemic disorder of the extracellular matrix characterized by the accumulation of elastic fibrils that leads, in most cases, to glaucoma development with progressive and irreversible vision loss. Due to the aging population, the prevalence of these already-widespread conditions is increasing and is resulting in significant economic and psychological costs for individuals and for society. The exact composition of the abnormal drusen and XFS material as well as the mechanisms responsible for their production and accumulation still remain elusive, and consequently treatment for both diseases is lacking. However, recent epidemiologic, genetic and molecular studies support a major role for oxidative stress in both dry AMD and XFS development. Understanding the early molecular events in their pathogenesis and the exact role of oxidative stress may provide novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention for the prevention of progression to advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Chiras
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
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Cighetti G, Bamonti F, Aman CS, Gregori D, De Giuseppe R, Novembrino C, de Liso F, Maiavacca R, Paroni R. Oxidative status in different settings and with different methodological approaches compared by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis. Clin Biochem 2014; 48:73-8. [PMID: 25305628 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the performance of different analytical approaches in highlighting the occurrence of deregulated redox status in various physio-pathological situations. DESIGN AND METHODS 35 light and 61 heavy smokers, 19 chronic renal failure, 59 kidney transplanted patients, and 87 healthy controls were retrospectively considered for the study. Serum oxidative stress and antioxidant status, assessed by spectrophotometric Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d-ROMs) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) tests, respectively, were compared with plasma free (F-MDA) and total (T-MDA) malondialdehyde, both quantified by isotope-dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID-GC-MS). Sensitivity, specificity and cut-off points of T-MDA, F-MDA, d-ROMs and TAC were evaluated by both Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses and area under the ROC curve (AUC). RESULTS Only T-MDA assay showed a clear absence of oxidative stress in controls and significant increase in all patients (AUC 1.00, sensitivity and specificity 100%). Accuracy was good for d-ROMs (AUC 0.87, sensitivity 72.8%, specificity 100%) and F-MDA (AUC 0.82, sensitivity 74.7%, specificity 83.9%), but not high enough for TAC to show in patients impaired antioxidant defense (AUC 0.66, sensitivity 52.0%, specificity 92.9%). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals T-MDA as the best marker to detect oxidative stress, shows the ability of d-ROMs to identify modified oxidative status particularly in the presence of high damages, and evidences the poor TAC performance. d-ROMs and TAC assays could be useful for routine purposes; however, for an accurate clinical data evaluation, their comparison versus a "gold standard method" is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cighetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; U.O. Ematologia e CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Caroline S Aman
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unità di Biostatistica, Epidemiologia e Salute Pubblica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; U.O. Ematologia e CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Novembrino
- Laboratorio di Chimica Clinica e Microbiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica de Liso
- Laboratorio di Chimica Clinica e Microbiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Maiavacca
- Laboratorio di Chimica Clinica e Microbiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, H San Paolo, Milano, Italy.
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Bamonti F, Pellegatta M, Novembrino C, Vigna L, De Giuseppe R, de Liso F, Gregori D, Noce CD, Patrini L, Schiraldi G, Bonara P, Calvelli L, Maiavacca R, Cighetti G. An encapsulated juice powder concentrate improves markers of pulmonary function and cardiovascular risk factors in heavy smokers. J Am Coll Nutr 2013; 32:18-25. [PMID: 24015696 PMCID: PMC3996529 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.767652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced pulmonary function and increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study evaluated the effects of two different combinations of mixed fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate (Juice Plus+, NSA, Collierville, TN) on heavy smokers. METHODS At baseline (T 0) and after 3 months' supplementation (T 1), pulmonary function parameters and cardiovascular risk factors-that is, plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) with related B vitamins and cysteine (tCys) concentrations-were assessed in 75 apparently healthy smokers (aged 49.2 ± 10.6 years, >20 cigarettes/d, duration ≥10 years) randomized into 3 groups: placebo (P), fruit/vegetable (FV) and fruit/vegetable/berry (FVB). RESULTS T 0: most smokers showed abnormalities in tHcy and tCys concentrations. T 1: respiratory function was unchanged in P and slightly, but not significantly, improved in FV, whereas FVB showed a significant improvement in forced expiratory flow at 25% (FEF25; p < 0.0001 vs P and FV) and significant improvement in CO diffusion lung/alveolar volume (DLCO/VA). FV and FVB (50%) showed significant reduction in tHcy and tCys compared to T 0 ( p < 0.0001) and P ( p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS At T 1, both supplemented groups, but to a greater extent the FVB group, showed improvements in some pulmonary parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, and folate status. The beneficial effects of Juice Plus+ supplementation could potentially help smokers, even if smoking cessation is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bamonti
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Jarrett SG, Boulton ME. Consequences of oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:399-417. [PMID: 22510306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The retina resides in an environment that is primed for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resultant oxidative damage. The retina is one of the highest oxygen-consuming tissues in the human body. The highest oxygen levels are found in the choroid, but this falls dramatically across the outermost retina, creating a large gradient of oxygen towards the retina and inner segments of the photoreceptors which contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This micro-environment together with abundant photosensitizers, visible light exposure and a high energy demand supports a highly oxidative milieu. However, oxidative damage is normally minimized by the presence of a range of antioxidant and efficient repair systems. Unfortunately, as we age oxidative damage increases, antioxidant capacity decreases and the efficiency of reparative systems become impaired. The result is retinal dysfunction and cell loss leading to visual impairment. It appears that these age-related oxidative changes are a hallmark of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which, in combination with hereditary susceptibility and other retinal modifiers, can progress to the pathology and visual morbidity associated with advanced AMD. This review reassesses the consequences of oxidative stress in AMD and strategies for preventing or reversing oxidative damage in retinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Jarrett
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Novembrino C, Cighetti G, De Giuseppe R, Vigna L, de Liso F, Pellegatta M, Gregori D, Maiavacca R, Bamonti F. Effects of encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrates on oxidative status in heavy smokers. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30:49-56. [PMID: 21697538 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term cigarette smoking has negative effects on oxidative status, promoting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and formation of lipid peroxides. We evaluated the effects of 2 different encapsulated formulas, consisting primarily of mixed juice powder concentrate, on oxidative status compared with placebo. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed on 101 apparently healthy heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/d, duration >10 years; median age 47 years, range 41-57 years; 54 M) before and after 3 months' supplementation. Subjects were randomized into 3 groups, well matched for sex and age: (1) placebo; (2) fruit/vegetable (FV); and (3) fruit/vegetable/berry (FVB). Analysis of oxidative status was performed on 75 (46 M) compliant subjects (>95% of assigned capsules). Changes in lipid panel parameters, oxidative-INDEX (Oxy-I, calculated on the basis of serum hydroperoxides and total antioxidant capacity measured by spectrophotometric methods), oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] method), and malondialdehyde (MDA; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method) in free (fMDA), bound (bMDA), and total (tMDA = fMDA + bMDA) forms are reported. Statistical analysis was performed with R statistical software. RESULTS After supplementation, compared with placebo, both FV and FVB groups showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol (p < 0.05), ox-LDL (p = 0.03), and fMDA levels (p = 0.004) accompanied by a slight increase in bMDA concentrations, possibly as the result of fMDA conjugation. Moreover, a significant decrease in Oxy-I was found in both active groups compared with placebo (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Intervention with both nutraceutical formulations resulted in improvement in some oxidative alterations attributed to long-term cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Novembrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Universita` degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Crane TE, Kubota C, West JL, Kroggel MA, Wertheim BC, Thomson CA. Increasing the vegetable intake dose is associated with a rise in plasma carotenoids without modifying oxidative stress or inflammation in overweight or obese postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2011; 141:1827-33. [PMID: 21865569 PMCID: PMC3174856 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.139659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal amount of vegetable consumption required to reduce chronic disease risk is widely debated. Intervention trials evaluating biological activity of vegetables at various doses are limited. We conducted a 3-dose, crossover feeding trial to test the hypothesis that vegetable intake is associated in a dose-dependent manner with increased plasma carotenoids and subsequently reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in 49 overweight, postmenopausal women. Participants were assigned in random order to 2 (130 g), 5 (287 g), and 10 (614 g) daily servings of fresh, greenhouse-grown vegetables for 3-wk intervals with a 4-wk washout period between treatments. Plasma total carotenoids significantly increased from 1.63 to 2.07 μmol/L with a dose of 2 vegetable servings, from 1.49 to 2.84 μmol/L with a dose of 5 vegetable servings, and from 1.40 to 4.42 μmol/L with a dose of 10 vegetable servings (pre-post paired ttests, all P < 0.001). The change during each feeding period increased with each dose level (P < 0.001). Urine concentrations of 8-isoprostane F2α, hexanoyl lysine, and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein were not affected by any administered vegetable dose. In this variable-dose vegetable study, a dose-response for plasma carotenoids was demonstrated without significant change in oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight, postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Esfahani A, Wong JM, Truan J, Villa CR, Mirrahimi A, Srichaikul K, Kendall CW. Health Effects of Mixed Fruit and Vegetable Concentrates: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Interventions. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30:285-94. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Capaccio P, Pignataro L, Gaini LM, Sigismund PE, Novembrino C, De Giuseppe R, Uva V, Tripodi A, Bamonti F. Unbalanced oxidative status in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 269:449-53. [PMID: 21706323 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An impaired cochlear perfusion seems to be an important etiopathogenetic event in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Recently, oxidative stress has been proposed as risk factors of microvascular damage. This observational study aimed to evaluate the possible role of oxidative stress in ISSNHL. In thirty-nine ISSNHL patients and seventy healthy subjects serum reactive oxygen species concentrations (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by spectrophotometric methods on F.R.E.E. analyzer (Diacron International, Italy). Moreover, a global oxidative stress index (Oxidative-INDEX), reflecting both oxidative and antioxidant counterparts, was also calculated. 25/39 patients showed oxidative stress due to ROS levels significantly higher than controls (348.2 ± 84.8 vs. 306.75 ± 46.7 UCarr; p = 0.001). The Oxidative-INDEX was significantly higher in patients than in controls (0.75 ± 2.4 vs. -0.0007 ± 1.28 AU, p = 0.03). As oxidative stress is a key determinant in endothelial dysfunction, our findings could suggest vascular impairment involvement in ISSNHL etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Capaccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Specialistiche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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14
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Hoque A, Ambrosone CB, Till C, Goodman PJ, Tangen C, Kristal A, Lucia S, Wang Q, Kappil M, Thompson I, Hsing AW, Parnes H, Santella RM. Serum oxidized protein and prostate cancer risk within the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:478-83. [PMID: 20332306 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in prostate cancer risk, we analyzed serum levels of protein carbonyl groups in 1,808 prostate cancer cases and 1,805 controls, nested in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial that found finasteride decreased prostate cancer risk. There were no significant differences in protein carbonyl levels in baseline samples between those later diagnosed with prostate cancer and those without at the end of study biopsy. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the 4th quartile of protein carbonyl level for the combined, placebo, and finasteride arms were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.85-1.24), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.69-1.12), and 1.27 (95% CI, 0.94-1.71), respectively. There were no significant associations between carbonyl level and risk when analyzing high-grade and low-grade disease separately, nor did finasteride affect protein oxidation levels. The results of this large nested case-control study do not support the hypothesis that oxidative stress, at least as measured by protein carbonyl level, plays a role in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Hoque
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Tsikas D, Rossi R. Oxidative stress and human diseases: Origin, link, measurement, mechanisms, and biomarkers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009; 46:241-81. [DOI: 10.3109/10408360903142326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rossner P, Terry MB, Gammon MD, Agrawal M, Zhang FF, Ferris JS, Teitelbaum SL, Eng SM, Gaudet MM, Neugut AI, Santella RM. Plasma protein carbonyl levels and breast cancer risk. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 11:1138-48. [PMID: 17979889 PMCID: PMC4401280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the role of oxidative stress in breast cancer risk, we analysed plasma levels of protein carbonyls in 1050 cases and 1107 controls. We found a statistically significant trend in breast cancer risk in relation to increasing quartiles of plasma protein carbonyl levels (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.9–1.5; OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2–2.0; OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2–2.1, for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile relative to the lowest quartile, respectively, P for trend = 0.0001). The increase in risk was similar for younger (<50 years) and older women, more pronounced among women with higher physical activity levels (0.7 hrs/week for 4th quartile versus lowest quartile OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–3.0), higher alcohol consumption (≥15 grams/day for 4th quartile versus lowest quartile OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1–4.7), and hormone replacement therapy use (HRT, OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.6–4.4 for 4th quartile versus lowest quartile). The multiplicative interaction terms were statistically significant only for physical activity and HRT. The positive association between plasma protein carbonyl levels and breast cancer risk was also observed when the analysis was restricted to women who had not received chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to blood collection. Among controls, oxidized protein levels significantly increased with cigarette smoking and higher fruit and vegetable consumption, and decreased with alcohol consumption >30 grams per day. Women with higher levels of plasma protein carbonyl and urinary 15F2t-isoprostane had an 80% increase in breast cancer risk (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2–2.6) compared to women with levels below the median for both markers of oxidative stress. In summary, our results suggest that increased plasma protein carbonyl levels may be associated with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rossner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Lykkesfeldt J. Malondialdehyde as biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 380:50-8. [PMID: 17336279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have been used as biomarkers of lipid oxidation for more than thirty years. The validity of these biomarkers has been rightfully criticized for a lack of specificity and problems with post sampling formation. Numerous assays have been published for their analysis giving rise to reference intervals for healthy non-smoking humans varying more than to orders of magnitude. In spite of these problems, these biomarkers remain among the most commonly reported indices of oxidative damage and the present review focuses on the problems associated with MDA/TBARS analysis, their potential as biomarkers of oxidative stress and the effect of smoking on MDA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 9 Ridebanevej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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