1
|
Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051407. [PMID: 36900198 PMCID: PMC10000250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are identified as carriers of proton ions between the mitochondrial inner membrane and the mitochondrial matrix. ATP is mainly generated through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial matrix, which facilitates a smooth transfer of electrons across ETC complexes. Until now, it was thought that the role of UCPs was to break the electron transport chain and thereby inhibit the synthesis of ATP. UCPs allow protons to pass from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix and decrease the proton gradient across the membrane, which results in decreased ATP synthesis and increased production of heat by mitochondria. In recent years, the role of UCPs in other physiological processes has been deciphered. In this review, we first highlighted the different types of UCPs and their precise location across the body. Second, we summarized the role of UCPs in different diseases, mainly metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular complications, cancer, wasting syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and kidney complications. Based on our findings, we conclude that UCPs play a major role in maintaining energy homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, ROS production, and apoptosis. Finally, our findings reveal that mitochondrial uncoupling by UCPs may treat many diseases, and extensive clinical studies are required to meet the unmet need of certain diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Pravednikova AE, Shevchenko SY, Kerchev VV, Skhirtladze MR, Larina SN, Kachaev ZM, Egorov AD, Shidlovskii YV. Association of uncoupling protein (Ucp) gene polymorphisms with cardiometabolic diseases. Mol Med 2020; 26:51. [PMID: 32450815 PMCID: PMC7249395 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary aspect of obesity is a major focus of modern medical genetics. The genetic background is known to determine a higher-than-average prevalence of obesity in certain regions, like Oceania. There is evidence that dysfunction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A significant number of studies in the field focus on the UCP family. The Ucp genes code for electron transport carriers. UCP1 (thermogenin) is the most abundant protein of the UCP superfamily and is expressed in BAT, contributing to its capability of generating heat. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Ucp1-Ucp3 were recently associated with risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This review covers the main Ucp SNPs A-3826G, A-1766G, A-112C, Met229Leu, Ala64Thr (Ucp1), Ala55Val, G-866A (Ucp2), and C-55 T (Ucp3), which may be associated with the development of obesity, disturbance in lipid metabolism, T2D, and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Pravednikova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y. Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Kerchev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Manana R. Skhirtladze
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Larina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zaur M. Kachaev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin P, Li Z, Xu X, He J, Chen J, Xu X, Du X, Bai X, Zhang B, He X, Lu L, Zhu J, Shi Y, Zou H. Analysis of association between common variants of uncoupling proteins genes and diabetic retinopathy in a Chinese population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:25. [PMID: 32028915 PMCID: PMC7006419 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the variants of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) genes in a Chinese population of type 2 diabetes, in total and in patients of different glycemic status separately. METHODS This case-control study included a total of 3107 participants from two datasets, among which 662 were DR patients (21.31%). Eighteen tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 were selected as genetic markers. TaqMan probes, Sequenom MassARRAY MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry platform and Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array were used for genotyping. Online SHEsis software was used for association analysis. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons correction. RESULTS Three SNPs of UCP1: rs7688743 (A allele, OR = 1.192, p = 0.013), rs3811787 (T allele, OR = 0.863, p = 0.023), and rs10011540 (G allele, OR = 1.368, p = 0.004) showed association with DR after the adjustment of glucose, but only rs10011540 was marginally significantly associated with DR when Bonferroni correction was strictly applied (padj = 0.048). In patients with uncontrolled glucose, rs7688743 (A allele, p = 0.012, OR = 1.309), rs10011540 (G allele, p = 0.033, OR = 1.432), and rs3811787 (T allele, p = 0.022, OR = 0.811) were associated with DR, while in participants with well controlled glucose, the rs2734827 of UCP3 was associated with DR (A allele, p = 0.017, OR = 0.532). Rs3811787 of UCP1 showed a protective effect to sight threatening DR (T allele, p = 0.007, OR = 0.490), and the association existed after the adjustment for environmental factors and the correction. In patients with uncontrolled glucose, the rs3811787 of UCP1 (T allele, p = 0.017, OR = 0.467) and the rs591758 of UCP3 (C allele, p = 0.026, OR = 0.103) were associated with STDR. While in those with well controlled glucose, only the rs7688743 of UCP1 showed a protective effect (A allele, p = 0.024, OR = 0.049). None of the associations remain significant when Bonferroni correction was strictly applied (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The rs10011540 and rs3811787 of the UCP1 gene was marginally significantly associated with DR in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. There might be different mechanisms of DR development in patients with different glycemic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named"Shanghai First People's Hospital"), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xian Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named"Shanghai First People's Hospital"), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Jiangnan He
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named"Shanghai First People's Hospital"), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 20080, China.,Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuelin Bai
- Xinjing Community Health Service Centre, Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiangui He
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named"Shanghai First People's Hospital"), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 20080, China. .,Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Association of uncoupling protein gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in a northeastern Han Chinese population. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 33:524-530. [PMID: 30518806 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) belong to the family of mitochondrial transporter proteins and mediate regulated proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The UCPs play an important role in energy homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and have been established as candidate genes for obesity, diabetes and hypertension. This study examined the possible association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UCP1-3 genes and essential hypertension (EH) in a northeastern Han Chinese population. A total of 2207 Chinese Han subjects were enrolled, including 1045 normotensives and 1162 hypertensives. Genotyping of UCP1 rs1800592, UCP1 rs12502572, UCP2 rs659366, UCP2 rs660339, and UCP3 rs3781907 was detected using Sequenom MassArray System. SHEsis was used to analyze linkage disequilibrium and haplotype. No evident association was observed between the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of individual SNPs and EH. Haplotype analysis showed the haplotype GAATA (rs1800592-rs12502572-rs659366-rs660339-rs3781907) was significantly associated with lower EH risk (p = 0.001, χ2 = 10.861, OR = 0.634, 95% CI = 0.483-0.833), and AGATG was associated with increased EH risk (p = 0.012, χ2 = 6.287, OR = 1.265, 95% CI = 1.052-1.521). These findings suggest haplotypes of UCP1-3 genes are linked to EH risk in a northeastern Han Chinese population. Further investigation with larger sample size in multiethnic population is needed to confirm our results.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang G, Forrest R, Zhou H, Hodge S, Hickford J. Genetic variation in the ovine uncoupling protein 1 gene: association with carcass traits in New Zealand (NZ) Romney sheep, but no association with growth traits in either NZ Romney or NZ Suffolk sheep. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 131:437-44. [PMID: 24909360 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) plays an important role in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Genetic variation within three regions (the promoter, intron 2 and exon 5) of the ovine UCP1 gene (UCP1) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analyses. These revealed three promoter variants (designated A, B and C) and two intron 2 variants (a and b). The association of this genetic variation with variation in lamb carcass traits and postweaning growth was investigated in New Zealand (NZ) Romney and Suffolk sheep. The presence of B in a lamb's genotype was associated with decreased subcutaneous carcass fat depth (V-GR) (p = 0.004) and proportion of total lean meat yield of loin meat (p = 0.005), and an increased proportion of total lean meat yield of hind-leg meat (p = 0.018). In contrast, having two copies of C was associated with increased V-GR (p < 0.001) and proportion of total lean meat yield of shoulder meat (p = 0.009), and a decreased hind-leg yield (p = 0.032). No associations were found with postweaning growth. These results suggest that ovine UCP1 is a potential gene marker for carcass traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tranah GJ. Mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis: implications for human aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:238-52. [PMID: 20601194 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that mitochondria are involved in the aging process. Mitochondrial function requires the coordinated expression of hundreds of nuclear genes and a few dozen mitochondrial genes, many of which have been associated with either extended or shortened life span. Impaired mitochondrial function resulting from mtDNA and nuclear DNA variation is likely to contribute to an imbalance in cellular energy homeostasis, increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, and an increased rate of cellular senescence and aging. The complex genetic architecture of mitochondria suggests that there may be an equally complex set of gene interactions (epistases) involving genetic variation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Results from Drosophila suggest that the effects of mtDNA haplotypes on longevity vary among different nuclear allelic backgrounds, which could account for the inconsistent associations that have been observed between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and survival in humans. A diversity of pathways may influence the way mitochondria and nuclear-mitochondrial interactions modulate longevity, including: oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondrial uncoupling; antioxidant defenses; mitochondrial fission and fusion; and sirtuin regulation of mitochondrial genes. We hypothesize that aging and longevity, as complex traits having a significant genetic component, are likely to be controlled by nuclear gene variants interacting with both inherited and somatic mtDNA variability.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cassis LA, Police SB, Yiannikouris F, Thatcher SE. Local adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system. Curr Hypertens Rep 2008; 10:93-8. [PMID: 18474174 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-008-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed in adipocytes. Adipocytes are a suggested source of components of the RAS, with regulation of their production related to obesity-hypertension. Both angiotensin type 1 and 2 receptors have been localized to adipocytes. Angiotensin II has been demonstrated to regulate adipocyte growth and differentiation, lipid metabolism, and expression and release of adipokines and RAS components, and to promote oxidative stress. Differences in regional expression of RAS components in visceral versus subcutaneous adipose tissue have been suggested as a link between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease. Finally, several studies support antihypertensive efficacy of RAS blockade in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Future studies should address the role of adipocyte-specific deficiency of RAS components to definitively determine the relevance of the adipose RAS to normal physiology and to the development of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Cassis
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, Wethington Building, Room 521b, 900 South Limestone Street, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|