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Roli L, Veronesi A, DE Santis MC, Baraldi E. Pediatric total fractionated metanephrines: age-related reference intervals in spot urine. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:506-513. [PMID: 30511558 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.18.05319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparse metanephrines reference intervals in pediatric populations are available and different study designs and technologies/ assays used in these studies lead to hardly transferable data from a laboratory to another. The aim of this study was to update pediatric reference intervals of total fractionated metanephrines in spot urine samples, using a commercial extraction kit run on a specific high-pressure liquid chromatograph coupled with an electrochemical detector. METHODS Four hundred and fifty-two spot pediatric urinary samples previously submitted to urinalysis were consecutively included in the study with the exclusion of children's samples with diagnosis or clinical suspicion of paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma, kidney diseases and arterial hypertension. Urinary metanephrine, normetanephrine and 3-methoxytyramine were extracted with ClinRep® HPLC Complete kit and run on HPLC Prominence liquid chromatograph LC-20AT (Shimadzu Italia S.r.l. Milan, Italy) coupled with Decade II electrochemical detector (Antec Scientific, Zoeterwoude, the Nederlands, provided by Alfatech S.r.l., Genoa, Italy). Results were expressed as the ratio analyte-to-creatinine. RESULTS Any of the three analytes required a repartition by gender (metanephrine P=0.27; normetanephrine P=0.90 and 3-methoxytyramine P=0.18). A significant statistically inversely proportional relation with age was found for metanephrine (P<0.0001; ρ=-0.72), normetanephrine (P<0.0001; ρ=-0.75) and 3-methoxytyramine (P<0.0001; ρ=-0.83). Reference intervals were calculated as function of age. CONCLUSIONS This study provides pediatric reference intervals for urinary fractionated total metanephrines in spot urine calibrated on a specific instrumentation and extraction commercial kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Roli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy -
| | - Agnese Veronesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria C DE Santis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrica Baraldi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy
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2
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Simultaneous determination of selected pesticides and/or their metabolites in urine by off-line solid phase extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography / hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Höglund K, Palmqvist H, Ringmark S, Svensson A. Quantification of normetanephrine in canine urine using ELISA: evaluation of factors affecting results. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:28-35. [PMID: 34697963 PMCID: PMC8689017 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211052984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine release increases in dogs with pheochromocytomas and in situations of stress. Although plasma catecholamines degrade rapidly, their metabolites, normetanephrine (NME) and metanephrine (ME), are stable in acidified urine. Our aim was to verify a human urine ELISA kit for the quantification of NME and ME in canine urine and to determine the effects on metabolite stability of sampling time (morning or midday) and day (ordinary or day spent in a clinic). We analyzed 179 urine samples from 17 healthy dogs. For NME, the mean intra-assay CV was 6.0% for all samples and 4.3% for the canine control; inter-assay CVs were 3.3, 3.8, and 12% for high and low concentration human urine positive controls supplied in the ELISA kit and a positive canine control, respectively; spike-recovery was 90-101%. For ME, mean intra-assay CV was 6.5% for samples and 9.0% for the canine control; inter-assay CVs were 12.7, 7.2, and 22.5% for high and low concentration human urine positive controls supplied in the ELISA kit and a positive canine control, respectively; spike-recovery was 85-89%. Dilution recovery was unsatisfactory for both metabolites. Based on our verification results, NME was selected for remaining analyses. We found no effect on NME concentrations of acidification or room temperature storage for up to 24 h. The NME:creatinine ratio was higher after the first of 3 clinic days compared to the same morning (111.2 ± 5.5 vs. 82.9 ± 5.3; p < 0.0001), but not on the other days. NME verification results were generally superior to ME. Dilution studies were unsatisfactory for both metabolites. Given that NME was stable without acidification at room temperature, urine samples can be collected at home. The clinic environment can cause higher NME:creatinine ratios, especially in unaccustomed dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Höglund
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Palmqvist
- Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Ringmark
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Svensson
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Boot C, Toole B, Harris S, Tetlow L, Wassif WS. A UK national audit of the laboratory investigation of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 59:65-75. [PMID: 34605294 DOI: 10.1177/00045632211046759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are catecholamine secreting tumours associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and management are essential. A range of laboratory tests can be utilised in the investigation of PPGL. There is scope for significant variation in practice between centres. We aimed to investigate how the laboratory investigation of PPGL is performed in laboratories across the United Kingdom. METHODS A questionnaire consisting of 21 questions was circulated to Clinical Biochemistry laboratories in the United Kingdom via the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine office. The survey was designed to allow audit against Endocrine Society Guidelines on the Investigation and Management of PPGL and to obtain information on other important aspects not included in these guidelines. RESULTS Responses were received from 58 laboratories and the data were compiled. The majority of laboratories use either urine or plasma metanephrines in first-line testing for PPGL, although a number of different combinations of biochemistry tests are utilised in different centres. All laboratories measuring metanephrines or catecholamines in-house use LC or LC-MS/MS methods. There are some marked differences between laboratories in urine metanephrines reference ranges used and sample requirements. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of good practice in UK laboratories (as assessed against Endocrine Society Guidelines) such as widespread use of urine/plasma metanephrines and appropriate analytical methodologies used. However, there is also evidence of variations in practice in some areas that should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Boot
- Blood Sciences, 5983Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barry Toole
- Blood Sciences, 5983Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sharman Harris
- Department of Blood Sciences, 7696Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport, UK
| | - Lisa Tetlow
- Blood Science Department, 1507Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, UK
| | - Wassif S Wassif
- Chair ACB National Audit Group, Clinical Biochemistry Department, 1578Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, Bedford, UK
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5
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Chen L, Singh V, Rickert D, Khaled A, Pawliszyn J. High throughput determination of free biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in urine using thin-film solid phase microextraction. Talanta 2021; 232:122438. [PMID: 34074423 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UPLC-MS/MS methods are the gold standard for routine, high-throughput measurements of biogenic monoamines for the diagnosis of catecholamine-producing tumors. However, this cannot be achieved without employing efficient sample pretreatment methods. Therefore, two pretreatment methods, thin-film solid phase microextraction (TF-SPME) and packed fibers solid phase extraction (PFSPE), were developed and evaluated for the analysis of biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in urine. A hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) coating was chosen for the thin-film blade format SPME method and compared with a Polycrown ether (PCE) composite nanofiber used as an adsorbent for the PFSPE method. Under optimal conditions, the absolute extraction recovery and relative matrix effect of the newly developed TF-SPME method were determined to be 35.7-74.8% and 0.47-3.63%, respectively. The linearity was 0.25-500 ng mL-1 for norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, normetanephrine 3-methoxytyramine, serotonin, histamine, and 0.1-500 ng mL-1 for metanephrine. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 0.7-8.7%, and the respective accuracies were calculated to be 90.8-104.7% and 89.5-104.5% for TF-SPME. Compared with the PFSPE method, the TF-SPME method had a higher extraction efficiency, lower matrix effects and a wider linear range for eight target substances, which ensured higher accuracy of simultaneous detection of all compounds of interest. Therefore, the proposed TF-SPME method can be employed for the high throughput screening for neuroendocrine tumors in a routine clinical setting and other relative research by simultaneous quantitation of urine eight biological monoamines in a single run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Abir Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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6
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Sasaki N, Ikenaka Y, Inoue Y, Ichise T, Nagata N, Ishizuka M, Nakayama SM, Nakamura K, Takiguchi M. Urinary free metanephrines measurement in dogs with adrenal gland diseases using a new simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:648-655. [PMID: 33678734 PMCID: PMC8111342 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of urinary metanephrines in spot samples is used for the diagnosis of canine
pheochromocytoma (PC). We describe a simple analytical method based on liquid
chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for measuring free metanephrine (MN)
and normetanephrine (NMN) in spot urine samples. Using the developed method, we evaluated
the stability of urinary free-MN and free-NMN at various storing conditions. In addition,
we assessed the feasibility of urinary free-MN and -NMN measurement for diagnosing PC.
Urine samples were mixed with stable isotope internal standards and thereafter purified by
ultrafiltration. The purified samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction
monitoring mode after separation on a multimode octa decyl silyl column. The coefficient
of variation of free-MN and -NMN measurement was 7.6% and 5.5%, respectively. The
linearity range was 0.5–10 µg/l for both analytes. Degradation was less than 10% for both
analytes under any of the storage conditions. The median free-NMN ratio to creatinine of 9
PC dogs (595, range 144–47,961) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than
that of 13 dogs with hypercortisolism (125, range 52–224) or 15 healthy dogs (85, range
50–117). The developed method is simple and may not require acidification of spot urine.
The results of this preliminary retrospective study suggest that the measurement of
urinary free metanephrines is a promising tool for diagnosing canine PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, North West, South Africa.,Present address: Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospotal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yumiko Inoue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichise
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Syouta Mm Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-jo Nishi 9-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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7
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Lefeuvre S, Bois-Maublanc J, Mongeois E, Policarpo V, Formaux L, Francia T, Billaud EM, Got L. Quantitation using HRMS: A new tool for rapid, specific and sensitive determination of catecholamines and deconjugated methanephrines metanephrines in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1166:122391. [PMID: 33246878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Urinary catecholamines and their methylated metabolites are biochemical indicators of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma. A rapid and precise analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography separation coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was developed and validated to measure urinary catecholamines (epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NorE), dopamine (D)) and total methylated metabolites (normetanephrine (NorMN), metanephrine(MN) and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT)) in a clinical setting. Results of 51 urine specimens measured using this LC-HRMS method were compared with a liquid chromatography assay with electrochemical detection (LC-EC). Urine samples (200 μL) were spiked with an internal standard solution followed by SPE purification. In the case of total methylated metabolites, urine was hydrolyzed before SPE purification. Separation was achieved on an Acclaim Mixed Mode WCX column, with an 8.5 min runtime. All compounds were detected in electrospray positive ionization mode with a parallel reaction monitoring acquisition and quantified with a linear regression (r2 > 0.998) between 2 and 200 µg/L (10.9-1090; 11.8-1182 nmol/L) for E and NorE respectively and between 10 and 1000 µg/L for others (65.2-6520; 50.7-5070; 54.5-5450 ; 59.8-5980 nmol/L for D, M, NorMN and 3-MT, respectively). Overall imprecision and bias did not exceed 15%. No significant matrix effect was observed. Correlation between the two assays was good except for epinephrine. Epinephrine concentrations measured by LC-EC method were slightly higher than values obtained with LC-HRMS method but without impact on clinical decision. This LC-HRMS assay provides a new tool for simultaneous quantitative catecholamine determination and was successfully applied in routine for the screening or follow up of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma. LC-HRMS method offers significant advantages compared to LC-EC with good sensitivity, an unambiguous analyte determination and high sample throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lefeuvre
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France.
| | | | - E Mongeois
- Diabetology - Endocrinology - Nutrition Department, CHR Orléans, France
| | - V Policarpo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - L Formaux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - T Francia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - E M Billaud
- Pharmacology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - L Got
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
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8
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Stabilization of urinary biogenic amines measured in clinical chemistry laboratories. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 514:24-28. [PMID: 33333038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), vanillylmandelic (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), catecholamines and metanephrines are produced in excess by catecholamine-producing tumors. These biogenic amines are unstable at low or high pH and require hydrochloric acid (HCl) to prevent their degradation. However, HCl addition may result in very low pH causing degradation or deconjugation of several metabolites. This study evaluated the buffering properties of sodium citrate to stabilize all biogenic amines. The metabolite concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS or by a coulometric assay in 22 urine samples collected native and with HCl or sodium citrate. We studied the effect of pH, time (48 h, four weeks) and storage temperature at 22 °C, 4 °C, and -20 °C. We found that catecholamines degradation was prevented by HCl and citrate and that 5-HIAA was degraded in 5 out of 22 samples collected with HCl. All biogenic amines were efficiently stabilized by citrate for four weeks at 22 °C, except epinephrine (48 h at 4 °C, or four weeks at -20 °C). Sodium citrate did not cause quantification or analytical artefacts concerns. In conclusion, sodium citrate is a non-hazardous alternative to HCl for patients to send unfrozen urine samples to the laboratory which may safely store the sample for four weeks.
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9
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Development of a LC-MS/MS method for urinary hydroxytyrosol as a marker for consumption of olive oil. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Jung-Klawitter S, Kuseyri Hübschmann O. Analysis of Catecholamines and Pterins in Inborn Errors of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Metabolism-From Past to Future. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080867. [PMID: 31405045 PMCID: PMC6721669 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis and degradation belong to the rare inborn errors of metabolism. They are caused by monogenic variants in the genes encoding the proteins involved in (1) neurotransmitter biosynthesis (like tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)), (2) in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor biosynthesis (GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), sepiapterin reductase (SPR)) and recycling (pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase (PCD), dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR)), or (3) in co-chaperones (DNAJC12). Clinically, they present early during childhood with a lack of monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and its products norepinephrine and epinephrine. Classical symptoms include autonomous dysregulations, hypotonia, movement disorders, and developmental delay. Therapy is predominantly based on supplementation of missing cofactors or neurotransmitter precursors. However, diagnosis is difficult and is predominantly based on quantitative detection of neurotransmitters, cofactors, and precursors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, and blood. This review aims at summarizing the diverse analytical tools routinely used for diagnosis to determine quantitatively the amounts of neurotransmitters and cofactors in the different types of samples used to identify patients suffering from these rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Jung-Klawitter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oya Kuseyri Hübschmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Barco S, Verly I, Corrias MV, Sorrentino S, Conte M, Tripodi G, Tytgat G, van Kuilenburg A, van der Ham M, de Sain-van der Velden M, Garaventa A, Cangemi G. Plasma free metanephrines for diagnosis of neuroblastoma patients. Clin Biochem 2019; 66:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Srithunyarat T, Svensson A, Hanås S, Höglund OV, Hagman R, Lilliehöök I, Olsson U, Ljungvall I, Häggström J, Ström Holst B, Pettersson A, Höglund K. Evaluation of an ELISA for metanephrines in feline urine. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:887-893. [PMID: 30136903 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718793168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines can be used to evaluate neuroendocrine tumors, stress, and potentially pain, but catecholamines degrade rapidly. Their metabolites normetanephrine (NME) and metanephrine (ME) have better stability in urine. In cats, urine sampling in a home environment would be beneficial to reduce effects of clinical stress and simplify sampling. We evaluated a human urine ELISA for analysis of NME and ME in feline urine, and investigated the effects of acidification, cat tray pellets, and storage time at room temperature up to 8.5 h. In 26 feline urine samples, mean NME concentration was 192 ± 80 ng/mL, mean intra- and inter-assay CV was 6.5% and 4.2%, respectively, and spike recovery was 98-101%, but dilutional recovery was unsatisfactory. For ME, mean intra- and inter-assay CV was 10.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Mean urine ME concentration was 32.1 ± 18.3 ng/mL, close to the kit's lowest standard, and spike recovery was 65-90%; the ELISA could not be validated for ME. The stability study, performed for NME on 12 urine samples, did not identify differences between acidified and non-acidified samples, cat tray pellets, or storage time, and no interaction effects. The ME ELISA was not suitable for feline urine; performance of the NME ELISA was acceptable, except for dilution recovery. For analysis of NME, feline urine can be sampled at home using cat tray pellets and stored at room temperature up to 8.5 h without acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanikul Srithunyarat
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anna Svensson
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Hanås
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Evidensia Animal Clinic, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Odd V Höglund
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inger Lilliehöök
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Unit of Applied Statistics and Mathematics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Häggström
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ström Holst
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Pettersson
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katja Höglund
- Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Mastrianni KR, Kemnitzer WE, Miller KWP. A Novel, Automated Dispersive Pipette Extraction Technology Greatly Simplifies Catecholamine Sample Preparation for Downstream LC-MS/MS Analysis. SLAS Technol 2018; 24:117-123. [PMID: 30111228 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318792659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamines are integral neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous system. Clinically, catecholamine levels are determined to help diagnose disease and measure corresponding therapeutic effectiveness. However, manual extraction of catecholamines and their metabolites may be labor-intensive and user-variable and require a variety of peripheral laboratory devices, especially at low sample concentrations. Here, we propose a novel solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using patented dispersive pipette extraction (DPX) tip technology. The tips are readily integrated into an automated workflow to extract these compounds from urine, which increases analytical throughput while removing human variability and error. Diphenylboronic acid (DPBA) forms a stable, negatively charged complex with catecholamines in the samples, and when aspirated into the DPX tip, the complexed analytes are retained on a styrene divinyl benzene sorbent. Wash buffers remove interfering compounds, after which the complex is eluted from the tip using an acidic aqueous solution and subsequently measured via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The automated DPX method for catecholamine sample preparation from urine has excellent linearity over more than three orders of magnitude with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1000 ng/mL, with replicate analyses resulting in coefficients of variation of less than 8%. This high-throughput workflow is appropriate for use in regulated laboratories.
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Miękus N, Olędzka I, Kossakowska N, Plenis A, Kowalski P, Prahl A, Bączek T. Ionic liquids as signal amplifiers for the simultaneous extraction of several neurotransmitters determined by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Talanta 2018; 186:119-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Development and validation of a simple, rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the measurement of urinary neurotransmitters and their metabolites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:7191-7199. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Kirupakaran K, Mahoney L, Rabe H, Patel BA. Understanding the Stability of Dopamine and Dobutamine Over 24 h in Simulated Neonatal Ward Conditions. Paediatr Drugs 2017; 19:487-495. [PMID: 28516289 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-017-0234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to investigate the possible effects of temperature and light on the stability of dopamine and dobutamine continuous infusions over 24 h when prepared in a variety of dilution vehicles. METHODS Syringe-driver infusion apparatuses were set up for dopamine and dobutamine diluted with either 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) or 5% glucose delivering 3 and 5 μg/kg/min, respectively, via 206-cm extension sets. All infusions were prepared for a neonate weight of 1 kg. Infusions were run over 24 h with approximately half the tubing within an incubator set at 35 °C. Cyclic voltammetry was used to monitor the concentration of the inotrope within the syringe and at the end of the extension set, both initially and after 24 h. RESULTS The variation in the concentration of dopamine and dobutamine in the vials (n = 6) was 3.58 and 1.22%, respectively. This variation increased to 10.88% for dopamine and 5.76% for dobutamine in the syringe. After 24 h, a significant reduction in the concentration of dopamine was observed at the end of the extension set when prepared in 0.9% NaCl versus 5% glucose (p < 0.001; n = 6-7) and in dobutamine when prepared in 0.9% NaCl (p < 0.001; n = 6-7). No differences in the concentration of dopamine prepared in 0.9% NaCl were observed after 24 h in light-exposed and light-protected extension sets (n = 6-7). CONCLUSIONS Dobutamine is more stable in dilution vehicles than dopamine, and inotropes are more stable in the 5% glucose dilution vehicle than in 0.9% NaCl. Such findings will provide guidance on the choice of inotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liam Mahoney
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Department of Neonatology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Heike Rabe
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Department of Neonatology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Bhavik A Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
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Simultaneous extraction and determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in human urine for clinical routine testing based on a dual functional solid phase extraction assisted by phenylboronic acid coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2859-2871. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Miękus N, Olędzka I, Plenis A, Kowalski P, Bień E, Miękus A, Krawczyk MA, Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska E, Bączek T. Determination of urinary biogenic amines’ biomarker profile in neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma patients by MEKC method with preceding dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1036-1037:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hervet T, Grouzmann E, Grabherr S, Mangin P, Palmiere C. Determination of urinary catecholamines and metanephrines in cardiac deaths. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:995-1001. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Analysis of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in urine samples of hospital patients by micellar liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:9009-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Höglund OV, Hagman R, Olsson K, Olsson U, Lagerstedt AS. Intraoperative Changes in Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Plasma Vasopressin, and Urinary Noradrenalin During Elective Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs: Repeatability at Removal of the 1st and 2nd Ovary. Vet Surg 2014; 43:852-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odd V. Höglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kerstin Olsson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Department of Economics; Applied Statistics and Mathematics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anne-Sofie Lagerstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
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22
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Diagnostic performance of urinary metanephrines for the postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2014; 10:518-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-014-9585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Abstract
For more than 20 years, measurement of catecholamines in plasma and urine in clinical chemistry laboratories has been the cornerstone of the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors deriving from the neural crest such as pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and neuroblastoma (NB), and is still used to assess sympathetic stress function in man and animals. Although assay of catecholamines in urine are still considered the biochemical standard for the diagnosis of NB, they have been progressively abandoned for excluding/confirming PHEOs to the advantage of metanephrines (MNs). Nevertheless, catecholamine determinations are still of interest to improve the biochemical diagnosis of PHEO in difficult cases that usually require a clonidine-suppression test, or to establish whether a patient with PHEO secretes high concentrations of catecholamines in addition to metanephrines. The aim of this chapter is to provide an update about the catecholamine assays in plasma and urine and to show the most common pre-analytical and analytical pitfalls associated with their determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Grouzmann
- Service de Biomédecine, Laboratoire des Catécholamines et Peptides, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Reproducibility of NMR analysis of urine samples: impact of sample preparation, storage conditions, and animal health status. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:878374. [PMID: 23865070 PMCID: PMC3705931 DOI: 10.1155/2013/878374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Spectroscopic analysis of urine samples from laboratory animals can be used to predict the efficacy and side effects of drugs. This employs methods combining 1H NMR spectroscopy with quantification of biomarkers or with multivariate data analysis. The most critical steps in data evaluation are analytical reproducibility of NMR data (collection, storage, and processing) and the health status of the animals, which may influence urine pH and osmolarity. Methods. We treated rats with a solvent, a diuretic, or a nephrotoxicant and collected urine samples. Samples were titrated to pH 3 to 9, or salt concentrations increased up to 20-fold. The effects of storage conditions and freeze-thaw cycles were monitored. Selected metabolites and multivariate data analysis were evaluated after 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results. We showed that variation of pH from 3 to 9 and increases in osmolarity up to 6-fold had no effect on the quantification of the metabolites or on multivariate data analysis. Storage led to changes after 14 days at 4°C or after 12 months at −20°C, independent of sample composition. Multiple freeze-thaw cycles did not affect data analysis. Conclusion. Reproducibility of NMR measurements is not dependent on sample composition under physiological or pathological conditions.
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Liquid chromatographic methods for the quantification of catecholamines and their metabolites in several biological samples—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 768:12-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Simultaneous liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric determination of urinary free metanephrines and catecholamines, with comparisons of free and deconjugated metabolites. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 418:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Höglund K, Hanås S, Carnabuci C, Ljungvall I, Tidholm A, Häggström J. Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Urinary Catecholamines in Healthy Dogs Subjected to Different Clinical Settings. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1300-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Höglund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - S. Hanås
- Strömsholm Specialist Animal Hospital Dog and Cat; Strömsholm; Sweden
| | - C. Carnabuci
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - I. Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - A. Tidholm
- Albano Animal Hospital; Danderyd; Sweden
| | - J. Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala; Sweden
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Davidson DF, Hammond PJ, Murphy D, Carachi R. Age-related medical decision limits for urinary free (unconjugated) metadrenalines, catecholamines and metabolites in random urine specimens from children. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 48:358-66. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour in childhood (8% of all childhood cancers), the most frequently diagnosed in infancy, and has one of the highest death rates, while chromaffin tumours rarely present in childhood. Both tumour types produce catecholamines and their metabolites. It is difficult to produce reference ranges for tests in children, and currently, no age-related medical decision limits for free metadrenalines (free metanephrines) in random urine specimens exist in the paediatric literature. Methods Results of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid (HVA), noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline, dopamine (DA), free normetadrenaline (fNMA), free metadrenaline and free 3-methoxytyramine (f3MT) in 1658 random urines obtained from infants, children and young adults were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Specimens were excluded from consideration if obtained from the following categories, i.e. (a) harbouring neuroblastic, chromaffin, carcinoid or other tumours or malignancies; (b) medical conditions having known association with excess catecholamine excretion; (c) patients administered catecholamine or paracetamol; (d) overly dilute urine; and (e) manifesting outlying values following visual inspection. Results There remained 872 specimens that were grouped into seven age ranges (<1; 1 or 2; 3 or 4; 5–7; 8–10; 11–13; 14–19 y) for which medical decision limits were determined for each analyte. There was no significant difference between the results for boys or girls. In 55 patients harbouring neuroblastic tumours, HVA (54/55), f3MT (14/16), VMA (45/53) and DA (43/53) were the most frequently elevated analytes at time of diagnosis. In 11 patients presenting in childhood with chromaffin tumours, fNMA (11/11) followed by NA (10/11) were the most frequently elevated. Discussion The likely reasons for outlying or missing values, together with the reasons for variation in the distinctive biochemical patterns of analytes exhibited in individuals harbouring either neuroblastic or chromaffin tumours are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip J Hammond
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow
| | - Dermot Murphy
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Carachi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow
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Gorina A, Kolesnichenko L, Mikhnovich V. Catecholamines and their metabolites in children with asperger and kanner syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 57:562-70. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20115705562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Children with Asperger and Kanner syndromes in the stable state demonstrate similar decrease in plasma norepinephrine. In the aggravated state, these changes become more expressed and are characterized by a decrease in plasma tyrosine, norepinephrine, normetanephrine and by an increase in dopamine and homovanylic acid and a decrease in excretion of norepinephrine and an increase in excretion of homovanylic acid, epinephrine and MHPG. Only in children with Kanner syndrome in the aggravated state plasma MHPG increases, excretion of tyrosine decreases and excretion of normetanephrine increases. The observed imbalance in dopamine and epinephrine/norepinephrine systems justifies combined analysis of changes in catecholamines and their metabolites levels as the most informative approach in the study of the effect of autistic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V.I. Mikhnovich
- Russian Research Institute for Health Family Problems and Human Reproduction SB RAMS
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