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Garrido MM, Ribeiro R, Pinheiro LC, Holdenrieder S, Guimarães JT. The prostate health index and the percentage of [-2]proPSA maintain their diagnostic performance when calculated with total and free PSA from different manufacturers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1869-1877. [PMID: 34318651 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the prostate health index (PHI) and of the percentage of [-2]proPSA (%[-2]proPSA) calculated with total and free PSA from non-Beckman Coulter manufacturers (Roche and Abbott), and compare it with the fully Beckman Coulter [-2]proPSA derivatives. METHODS In this study, 237 men (PSA: 2-10 μg/L) scheduled for prostate biopsy were enrolled. %[-2]proPSA and PHI were calculated with total and free PSA from three manufacturers. Beckman Coulter PSA and [-2]proPSA were performed on the Access 2 analyzer (Hybritech calibration). Roche PSA was performed on the cobas e411 and the Abbott PSA on the Architect i2000sr. Statistical analysis was performed, considering prostate cancer (PCa) as the outcome. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that all indices were predictors of cancer, irrespective of the manufacturer (p<0.001). The AUC was similar for all manufacturers, both for %[-2]proPSA (Beckman Coulter: 0.756; Roche: 0.770; Abbott: 0.756) and PHI (Beckman Coulter: 0.776; Roche: 0.785; Abbott: 0.778). When considering the cutoffs that allowed 90% sensitivity, [-2]proPSA derivatives calculated with Roche and Abbott PSA had similar specificities and predictive values when compared to Beckman Coulter. The percentage of missed cancers (8-9%) was the same between manufacturers. The percentage of spared biopsies was significantly higher with Roche's PHI (21.0%) and Abbott's PHI (20.6%) than with Beckman Coulter's PHI (17.2%). CONCLUSIONS In the PSA range between 2 and 10 μg/L, [-2]proPSA derivatives maintain their diagnostic performance in PCa detection when calculated with PSA from Roche and Abbott. This can lead to a broader implementation of these indices in clinical laboratories worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Garrido
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Laboratory Medicine,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ruy Ribeiro
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís C Pinheiro
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Urology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Munich Biomarker Research Center, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - João T Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Klinkenberg LJ, Lentjes EG, Boer AK. Clinical interpretation of prostate-specific antigen values: Type of applied cut-off value exceeds methods bias as the major source of variation. Ann Clin Biochem 2019; 56:259-265. [PMID: 30798616 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218822665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen is the biochemical gold standard for the (early) detection and monitoring of prostate cancer. Interpretation of prostate-specific antigen is both dependent on the method and cut-off. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of method-specific differences and cut-off values in a national external quality assessment scheme (EQAS). METHODS The Dutch EQAS for prostate-specific antigen comprised an annual distribution of 12 control materials. The results of two distributions were combined with the corresponding cut-off value. Differences between methods were quantified by simple linear regression based on the all laboratory trimmed mean. To assess the clinical consequence of method-specific differences and cut-off values, a clinical data-set of 1040 patients with an initial prostate-specific antigen measurement and concomitant conclusive prostate biopsy was retrospectively collected. Sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer were calculated for all EQAS participants individually. RESULTS In the Netherlands, seven different prostate-specific antigen methods are used. Interestingly, 67% of these laboratories apply age-specific cut-off values. Methods showed a maximal relative difference of 26%, which were not reflected in the cut-off values. The largest differences were caused by the type of cut-off, for example in the Roche group the cut-off value differed maximal 217%. Clinically, a fixed prostate-specific antigen cut-off has a higher sensitivity than an age-specific cut-off (mean 89% range 86-93% versus 79% range 63-95%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the differences in cut-off values exceed the method-specific differences. These results emphasize the need for (inter)national harmonization/standardization programmes including cut-off values to allow for laboratory-independent clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eef Gwm Lentjes
- 2 Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen-Kars Boer
- 1 Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Boegemann M, Arsov C, Hadaschik B, Herkommer K, Imkamp F, Nofer JR, Gerß J, Albers P, Semjonow A. Discordant prostate specific antigen test results despite WHO assay standardization. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:275-282. [DOI: 10.1177/1724600818754750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) are the most commonly used biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer. Despite standardization efforts, many available PSA assays may still produce discordant results. In the present study, we compared four PSA assays calibrated to the WHO standards 96/670 and 96/668 for tPSA and fPSA, respectively. Methods: Within the scope of the Prostate Cancer Early Detection Study Based on a ‘‘Baseline’’ PSA Value in Young Men (PROBASE), we tested tPSA and fPSA in serum samples from 50 patients in the four different PROBASE sites using four WHO-calibrated assays from Roche (Elecsys, Cobas), Beckman-Coulter (Access-II) and Siemens (ADVIA Centaur). The comparison was performed using the Passing–Bablok regression method. Results: Compared to Access, the median tPSA levels for Centaur, Elecsys, and Cobas were +3%, +11%–20%, and +17%–23%, respectively, while for median fPSA levels the differences for Centaur, Elecsys, and Cobas were +49%, +29%–31%, and +22%, respectively. Discussion: Despite all investigated assays being WHO-calibrated, the Elecsys and Cobas tPSA assays produced considerably higher results than the Access and Centaur assays. Differences in fPSA-recovery between all investigated assays were even more pronounced. When applying the tPSA cutoff of 3.1 μg/L recommended for WHO-calibrated assays, the use of higher calibrated assays may lead to unnecessary prostate biopsies. Conversely, if the historical threshold of 4 μg/L is applied when using WHO-calibrated assays, it could lead to falsely omitted prostate biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Boegemann
- Department of Urology, Prostate Center, University Hospital Münster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Arsov
- Department of Urology, Dusseldorf University Medical Center, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Imkamp
- Department of Urology, Hannover University Medical Center, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Joachim Gerß
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research of the Westfalian Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter Albers
- Department of Urology, Dusseldorf University Medical Center, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Semjonow
- Department of Urology, Prostate Center, University Hospital Münster, Muenster, Germany
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Goč S, Kosanović M, Golubović S, Hajduković L, Janković M. Determination of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Serum and a Reference Material by On-Chip Immunoaffinity Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.928884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The Prostate Health Index in predicting initial prostate biopsy outcomes in Asian men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 4–10 ng/mL. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 46:711-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prostate specific antigen testing: age-related interpretation in early prostate cancer detection. Pathology 2013; 45:343-5. [PMID: 23619589 DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e3283619a77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Creeden J. Building bridges to the future of medicine: recommendations for boosting development of novel and companion diagnostics. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:1651-9. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the prospects for ‘personalized healthcare’ has become topical at the 10-year anniversary of the first results from the Human Genome Project. The coincidence of this milestone with a period of global financial difficulty is unfortunate, but industry has signaled its willingness to invest in this new medical paradigm in order to address the problems of high drug candidate attrition as well as escalating healthcare and R&D costs. For diagnostics manufacturers, justifying the ever-growing costs of development without an appropriate framework to provide reasonable return on investment is extremely challenging. Regulators have made good progress in defining what will satisfy current regulatory mandates, but there is still far to go to create conditions that would stimulate investment. My personal perspective is that personalized healthcare represents a solution rather than a problem and herein I describe the bottlenecks slowing development of novel diagnostics from the perspective of a willing commercial stakeholder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Creeden
- Medical & Scientific Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Ltd, Forrenstrasse, 6343 Rotkreuz, Switzerland
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Forde JC, Marignol L, Blake O, McDermott T, Grainger R, Crowley VE, Lynch TH. Standardization of assay methods reduces variability of total PSA measurements: an Irish study. BJU Int 2012; 110:644-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Panteghini M. Implementation of standardization in clinical practice: not always an easy task. Clin Chem Lab Med 2012; 50:1237-41. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Glycans as Biomarkers: Status and PerspectivesProtein glycosylation is a ubiquitous and complex co- and post-translational modification leading to glycan formation, i.e. oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to peptide backbones. The significance of changes in glycosylation for the beginning, progress and outcome of different human diseases is widely recognized. Thus, glycans are considered as unique structures to diagnose, predict susceptibility to and monitor the progression of disease. In the »omics« era, the glycome, a glycan analogue of the proteome and genome, holds considerable promise as a source of new biomarkers. In the design of a strategy for biomarker discovery, new principles and platforms for the analysis of relatively small amounts of numerous glycoproteins are needed. Emerging glycomics technologies comprising different types of mass spectrometry and affinity-based arrays are next in line to deliver new analytical procedures in the field of biomarkers. Screening different types of glycomolecules, selection of differentially expressed components, their enrichment and purification or identification are the most challenging parts of experimental and clinical glycoproteomics. This requires large-scale technologies enabling high sensitivity, proper standardization and validation of the methods to be used. Further progress in the field of applied glycoscience requires an integrated systematic approach in order to explore properly all opportunities for disease diagnosis.
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CLSI EP17-A protocol: A useful tool for better understanding the low end performance of total prostate-specific antigen assays. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1143-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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