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Zhu J, Kou J, Ma L, Yu X, Li C, Wang Z, Shen J, Wen K, Yu W. Molecular Recognition Mechanism of an Anti-Amatoxins mAb and Its Application in Centrifugal Disk-Based Immunoassay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13889-13898. [PMID: 37695809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Amatoxins are polypeptides that cause 90% of fatalities from accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms. Unfortunately, there are no specific antidotes against amatoxins poisoning, hence preparation of high-affinity antibodies, understanding the receptor (amatoxins) and ligand (antibody) mechanism, and establishing a straightforward screening approach are of great significance for confirming poison agents and clinical diagnosis. Here, anti-amatoxins monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9B2 was prepared and the recognition mechanism was investigated. The approach is useful for designing desirable immunogens, developing new antibodies with improved performance, and constructing effective immunoassays. Based on the mAb, we designed a centrifugal disk-like microfluidics chip and developed a fully automated immunoassay capable of detecting amatoxins poisoning in various samples including serum, urine, and mushrooms. The whole detection process could be automatically accomplished within 30 min, with a limit of detection of 0.08 to 0.12 μg/L for real samples, ∼30-fold more sensitive than conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our platform not only provided a practical approach for performing poison agent confirmation and clinical diagnosis but also had important implications for improving the survival of patients with mushroom poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, 132013 Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Kou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Licai Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Barbosa I, Domingues C, Ramos F, Barbosa RM. Analytical methods for amatoxins: A comprehensive review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 232:115421. [PMID: 37146495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Amatoxins are toxic bicyclic octapeptides found in certain wild mushroom species, particularly Amanita phalloides. These mushrooms contain predominantly α- and β-amanitin, which can lead to severe health risks for humans and animals if ingested. Rapid and accurate identification of these toxins in mushroom and biological samples is crucial for diagnosing and treating mushroom poisoning. Analytical methods for the determination of amatoxins are critical to ensure food safety and prompt medical treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the research literature on the determination of amatoxins in clinical specimens, biological and mushroom samples. We discuss the physicochemical properties of toxins, highlighting their influence on the choice of the analytical method and the importance of sample preparation, particularly solid-phase extraction with cartridges. Chromatographic methods are emphasised with a focus on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as one of the most relevant analytical method for the determination of amatoxins in complex matrices. Furthermore, current trends and future perspectives in amatoxin detection are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barbosa
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Domingues
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, Oporto 55142, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, Oporto 55142, Portugal
| | - Rui M Barbosa
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Henstra C, Dekkers BGJ, Olgers TJ, Ter Maaten JC, Touw DJ. Managing intoxications with nicotine-containing e-liquids. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:115-121. [PMID: 35345955 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2058930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotine is an addictive and poisonous agent. The recent development of e-cigarettes has caused a new demand for highly concentrated nicotine-containing solutions. These concentrated nicotine solutions have also increased the risk of nicotine overdoses. AREAS COVERED Essential factors for nicotine exposure are the concentration of the nicotine-containing e-liquid solution and its pharmacokinetics. Liquid nicotine refills contain nicotine in varying concentrations, which vary widely between and within products. The pharmacokinetics of nicotine are dependent on the route of administration, renal/hepatic clearance and urinary pH. The dose is another essential determinant of nicotine exposure. There is a considerable discrepancy between the generally accepted lethal dose and symptoms reported in case studies. Ingested doses correlate poorly to clinical symptoms. Symptoms of liquid nicotine toxicity vary from mild to severe between patients and are the result of overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which may lead to fatal respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse. EXPERT OPINION The literature on nicotine-containing e-liquid intoxications originating from vaping device refills are mainly case reports. Based on these case reports, we propose a treatment plan which is primarily symptomatic. Research should focus on providing insight on its toxicity, based on oral and transdermal pharmacokinetics and on toxicodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Henstra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart G J Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho J Olgers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Department, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Ter Maaten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Department, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Touw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Zhu J, Dou L, Shao S, Kou J, Yu X, Wen K, Wang Z, Yu W. An Automated and Highly Sensitive Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Diagnosing Mushroom Poisoning. Front Chem 2022; 9:813219. [PMID: 35004629 PMCID: PMC8733245 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.813219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms containing Amanita peptide toxins are the major cause of mushroom poisoning, and lead to approximately 90% of deaths. Phallotoxins are the fastest toxin causing poisoning among Amanita peptide toxins. Thus, it is imperative to construct a highly sensitive quantification method for the rapid diagnosis of mushroom poisoning. In this study, we established a highly sensitive and automated magnetic bead (MB)-based chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for the early, rapid diagnosis of mushroom poisoning. The limits of detection (LODs) for phallotoxins were 0.010 ng/ml in human serum and 0.009 ng/ml in human urine. Recoveries ranged from 81.6 to 95.6% with a coefficient of variation <12.9%. Analysis of Amanita phalloides samples by the automated MB-based CLIA was in accordance with that of HPLC-MS/MS. The advantages the MB-based CLIA, high sensitivity, repeatability, and stability, were due to the use of MBs as immune carriers, chemiluminescence as a detection signal, and an integrated device to automate the whole process. Therefore, the proposed automated MB-based CLIA is a promising option for the early and rapid clinical diagnosis of mushroom poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Leina Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shibei Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqian Kou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhu J, Dou L, Mi J, Bai Y, Liu M, Shen J, Yu W, Zhang S, Yu X, Wang Z. Production of highly sensitive monoclonal antibody and development of lateral flow assays for phallotoxin detection in urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4979-4987. [PMID: 34240228 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phallotoxins, toxic cyclopeptides found in wild poisonous mushrooms, are predominant causes of fatal food poisoning. For the early and rapid diagnosis mushroom toxin poisoning, a highly sensitive and robust monoclonal antibody (mAb) against phallotoxins was produced for the first time. The half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) values of the mAb-based indirect competitive ELISAs for phallacidin (PCD) and phalloidin (PHD) detection were 0.31 ng mL-1 and 0.35 ng mL-1, respectively. In response to the demand for rapid screening of the type of poisoning and accurate determination of the severity of poisoning, colloidal gold nanoparticle (GNP) and time-resolved fluorescent nanosphere (TRFN) based lateral flow assays (LFA) were developed. The GNP-LFA has a visual cut-off value of 3.0 ng mL-1 for phallotoxins in human urine sample. The TRFN-LFA provides a quantitative readout signal with detection limit of 0.1 ng mL-1 in human urine sample. In this study, urine samples without pretreatment were used directly for the LFA strip tests, and both two LFAs were able to accomplish analysis within 10 min. The results demonstrated that LFAs based on the newly produced, highly sensitive, and robust mAb were able to be used for both rapid qualitative screening of the type of poisoning and accurate quantitative determination of the severity of poisoning after accidental ingestion by patients of toxic mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafei Mi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minggang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Analytical method development for α-amanitin and β-amanitin in plasma at ultra-trace level by online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and its application in poisoning events. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li S, Chen D. Rapid Determination of Aconitum Alkaloids from Human Urine by UHPLC–HRMS. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 41:611-617. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, No. 16 Wuyi Street, Wuyishan, Fujian 354300, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Building 2, Guangqu Road 37, Beijing 100021, China
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Zhang S, Zhao Y, Li H, Zhou S, Chen D, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Sun C. A Simple and High-Throughput Analysis of Amatoxins and Phallotoxins in Human Plasma, Serum and Urine Using UPLC-MS/MS Combined with PRiME HLB μElution Platform. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8050128. [PMID: 27153089 PMCID: PMC4885043 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amatoxins and phallotoxins are toxic cyclopeptides found in the genus Amanita and are among the predominant causes of fatal food poisoning in China. In the treatment of Amanita mushroom poisoning, an early and definite diagnosis is necessary for a successful outcome, which has prompted the development of protocols for the fast and confirmatory determination of amatoxins and phallotoxins in human biological fluids. For this purpose, a simple, rapid and sensitive multiresidue UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of α-amanitin, β-amanitin, γ-amanitin, phalloidin (PHD) and phallacidin (PCD) in human plasma, serum and urine was developed and validated. The diluted plasma, serum and urine samples were directly purified with a novel PRiME technique on a 96-well μElution plate platform, which allowed high-throughput sample processing and low reagent consumption. After purification, a UPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed using positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. This method fulfilled the requirements of a validation test, with good results for the limit of detection (LOD), lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy, intra- and inter-assay precision, recovery and matrix effects. All of the analytes were confirmed and quantified in authentic plasma, serum and urine samples obtained from cases of poisoning using this method. Using the PRiME μElution technique for quantification reduces labor and time costs and represents a suitable method for routine toxicological and clinical emergency analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Haijiao Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Qunmei Yao
- The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong 675000, China.
| | - Chengye Sun
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen D, Hong Z. A Rapid LC-HRMS Method for the Determination of Domoic Acid in Urine Using a Self-Assembly Pipette Tip Solid-Phase Extraction. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 8:E10. [PMID: 26729165 PMCID: PMC4728532 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a self-assembly pipette tip solid-phase extraction (PTSPE) method using a high molecular weight polymer material (PAX) as the adsorbent for the determination of domoic acid (DA) in human urine samples by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. The PTSPE cartridge, assembled by packing 9.1 mg of PAX as sorbent into a 200 μL pipette tip, showed high adsorption capacity for DA owing to the strong cationic properties of PAX. Compared with conventional SPE, the PTSPE is simple and fast, and shows some advantages in the aspects of less solvent consumption, low cost, the absence of the evaporation step, and short time requirement. All the parameters influencing the extraction efficiency such as pH, the amount of sorbent, the number of aspirating/dispensing cycles, and the type and volume of eluent in PTSPE were carefully investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of DA were 0.12 μg/L and 0.37 μg/L respectively. The extraction recoveries of DA from the urine samples spiked at four different concentrations were in a range from 88.4% to 102.5%. The intra- and inter-day precisions varied from 2.1% to 7.6% and from 2.6% to 12.7%, respectively. The accuracy ranged from -1.9% to -7.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Helfer AG, Meyer MR, Michely JA, Maurer HH. Direct analysis of the mushroom poisons α- and β-amanitin in human urine using a novel on-line turbulent flow chromatography mode coupled to liquid chromatography–high resolution-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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