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Fan L, Jiang Y, Deng R, Zhu H, Dai X, Liang H, Li N, Qian Z. Mechanical Robustness Enhanced Flexible Antennas Using Ti 3C 2 MXene and Nanocellulose Composites for Noninvasive Glucose Sensing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1866-1876. [PMID: 38499997 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic sensors with flexible antennas as sensing elements have attracted increasing attention in noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring for diabetic patients. The significant radiation performance loss of flexible antennas during mechanical deformation impairs the reliability of glucose monitoring. Here, we present flexible ultrawideband monopole antennas composed of Ti3C2 MXene and cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite films for continuous glucose monitoring. The flexible MXene/CNF antenna with 20% CNF content can obtain a gain of up to 3.33 dBi and a radiation efficiency of up to 65.40% at a frequency range from 2.3 to 6.0 GHz. Compared with the pure MXene antenna, this antenna offers a comparable radiation performance and a lower performance loss in mechanical bending deformation. Moreover, the MXene/CNF antenna shows a stable response to fetal bovine serum/glucose, with a correlation of >0.9 at the reference glucose levels, and responds sensitively to the variations in blood glucose levels during human trials. The proposed strategy enhancing the mechanical robustness of MXene-based flexible antennas makes metallic two-dimensional nanomaterials more promising in wearable electromagnetic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ruihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (Shenzhen), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Zhengfang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Forst T. Paradigmenwechsel in der Glukosekontrolle: Urin-, Blut-, interstitielle Glukosemessung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1225-8678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Chen Y, Jiang X, Wang J, Wu Z, Wu Y, Ni Z, Yi H, Lu R. Sensitive Oxidation of Sorbitol-Mediated Fe 2+ by H 2O 2: A Reliable TD-NMR Method for Clinical Blood Glucose Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14153-14160. [PMID: 34637275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinical challenge of high-accuracy blood glucose detection schemes is to overcome the detection error caused by the background interferences in different individuals. H2O2 as the specific product of glucose oxidation can be involved in the Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion and detected by the time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) method sensitively. But, in clinical applications, the oxidation of Fe2+ is susceptible to the complex sample substrates. In this work, we sorted out two kinds of possible interference mechanisms of Fe2+ oxidation in the NMR blood glucose detection method and proposed a feasible scheme that uses sorbitol to weaken the adverse effects of interference. We found that sorbitol-mediated Fe2+ can greatly enhance the sensitivity of the T2 value to H2O2. The chain reaction caused by sorbitol can significantly amplify the efficiency of Fe2+ oxidation at the same concentration of H2O2. Thereby, we can achieve the higher dilution multiple of serum samples to reduce the amount of interfering substances involved in the Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion. We justified the accuracy and availability of our method by successfully detecting and confirming the correlation between the T2 decrease and glucose concentration of the serum samples collected from 16 subjects. The sorbitol-Fe2+ glucose detection method with high sensitivity can be further combined with miniature NMR analyzers to satisfy the calibration requirements of glucose monitoring in diabetic patients instead of frequent medical visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongsheng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China.,National Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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4
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Morgan RK, Cortes Y, Murphy L. Pathophysiology and aetiology of hypoglycaemic crises. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:659-669. [PMID: 30102417 PMCID: PMC7166581 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoglycaemia is a common, life-threatening complication that occurs as a component of a wide variety of disease processes. Despite its frequent occurrence, information concerning the aetiology, characteristics and outcomes of hypoglycaemic crises in veterinary medicine is limited. This review summarises the current understanding of the pathophysiology of hypoglycaemia, the body's counter-regulatory response, underlying aetiologies, diagnosis and treatment. Disease mechanisms are discussed and published evidence in veterinary literature regarding prognostic indicators, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment is examined for hypoglycaemia-related disease processes including insulinoma, glucose-lowering toxins and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Morgan
- Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Y Cortes
- Emergency Department, Oradell Animal Hospital, Paramus, New Jersey, USA
| | - L Murphy
- Veterinary Specialty Center of Delaware, New Castle, Delaware, USA
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Quandt JE, Barletta M, Cornell KK, Giguère S, Hofmeister EH. Evaluation of a point-of-care blood glucose monitor in healthy goats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018; 28:45-53. [PMID: 29314531 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess agreement between a point-of-care glucometer (POCG) and a laboratory chemistry analyzer for blood glucose measurements in goats. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Eighteen healthy adult goats. INVESTIGATIONS Whole blood samples were obtained via jugular venipuncture prior to premedication with xylazine and butorphanol (T0), following premedication (T20), and after 1 hour of inhalant anesthesia (T60). Each sample was tested with a POCG and a laboratory analyzer (HITA). Agreement was assessed using concordance correlation coefficients and calculation of bias and 95% limits of agreement. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mean blood glucose concentration at T0 was 3.9 ± 0.6 mmol/L (70 ± 10 mg/dL; POCG) and 2.9 ± 0.4 mmol/dL (53 ± 8 mg/dL; HITA). Glucose concentrations at T20 were 6.7 ± 2.4 mmol/L (121 ± 43 mg/dL) and 5.4 ± 2.1 mmol/L (97 ± 37 mg/dL) and at T60 were 5.7 ± 1.7 mmol/L (102 ± 31 mg/dL) and 4.7 ± 1.3 mmol/L (85 ± 24 mg/dL) when measured with the POCG and HITA, respectively. The POCG overestimated blood glucose compared to the HITA. The bias ± SD was 1.08 ± 0.53 mmol/L (19.4 ± 9.5 mg/dL) (95% LOA 0.04 to 2.11 mmol/L [0.7 to 38.0 mg/dL]) and the concordance correlation coefficient was 0.82. After correcting the results of the POCG using a mixed-effects linear model, the bias was 0.0 ± 0.38 mmol/L (0.0 ± 6.8 mg/dL) (95% LOA ± 0.74 mmol/L [± 13.4 mg/dL]) and the concordance correlation coefficient was 0.98. CONCLUSIONS The POCG overestimated blood glucose concentrations in goats, compared to the HITA, but when the POCG concentrations were corrected, the agreement was excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Quandt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Quandt, Cornell, Hofmeister), and the Department of Large Animal Medicine (Barletta, Giguère), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Michele Barletta
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Quandt, Cornell, Hofmeister), and the Department of Large Animal Medicine (Barletta, Giguère), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Karen K Cornell
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Quandt, Cornell, Hofmeister), and the Department of Large Animal Medicine (Barletta, Giguère), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Steeve Giguère
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Quandt, Cornell, Hofmeister), and the Department of Large Animal Medicine (Barletta, Giguère), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Erik H Hofmeister
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Quandt, Cornell, Hofmeister), and the Department of Large Animal Medicine (Barletta, Giguère), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Erbach M, Freckmann G, Hinzmann R, Kulzer B, Ziegler R, Heinemann L, Schnell O. Interferences and Limitations in Blood Glucose Self-Testing: An Overview of the Current Knowledge. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2016; 10:1161-8. [PMID: 27044519 PMCID: PMC5032951 DOI: 10.1177/1932296816641433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In general, patients with diabetes performing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can strongly rely on the accuracy of measurement results. However, various factors such as application errors, extreme environmental conditions, extreme hematocrit values, or medication interferences may potentially falsify blood glucose readings. Incorrect blood glucose readings may lead to treatment errors, for example, incorrect insulin dosing. Therefore, the diabetes team as well as the patients should be well informed about limitations in blood glucose testing. The aim of this publication is to review the current knowledge on limitations and interferences in blood glucose testing with the perspective of their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Freckmann
- Institut für Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM), Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Ziegler
- Diabetes Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Schnell
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Lane SL, Koenig A, Brainard BM. Formulation and validation of a predictive model to correct blood glucose concentrations obtained with a veterinary point-of-care glucometer in hemodiluted and hemoconcentrated canine blood samples. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 246:307-12. [PMID: 25587730 DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of PCV on veterinary point-of-care (POC) glucometer measurements in canine blood samples and develop a formula to correct the glucose concentration as measured by a point-of-care glucometer (POCgluc) given a known PCV. DESIGN Experimental and prospective study. SAMPLES Blood samples from 6 healthy dogs and from 30 hospitalized dogs. PROCEDURES 60 mL of heparinized blood was obtained from each of 6 healthy dogs. Samples were processed into packed RBCs and plasma. Packed RBCs were resuspended with plasma to achieve a range of PCVs from 0% to 94%. Duplicate POCgluc and PCV measurements were obtained for each dilution; following POCgluc measurements, plasma samples were analyzed for glucose concentration by a clinical laboratory biochemical analyzer (LABgluc). A correction formula for POCgluc was developed. Measurements of POCgluc, PCV, and LABgluc were also determined from blood samples of 30 dogs admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital. RESULTS Values of LABgluc for each sample were similar at any PCV. As PCV decreased, POCgluc was falsely increased; as PCV increased, POCgluc was falsely decreased, compared with LABgluc. The absolute difference between POCgluc and LABgluc increased as the PCV changed from 50%. Compared with POCgluc, the corrected POCgluc had a significantly improved correlation with LABgluc, which was also reflected in improvements in Clarke and consensus error grid analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that in dogs with hemodilution or hemoconcentration, POCgluc did not reflect actual patient glucose concentrations. Use of a correction formula reduced this error. Corrected POCgluc data had strong, significant correlations with LABgluc data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena L Lane
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Kapusta M, Slowinska-Solnica K, Skupien J, Solnica B. Analytical Evaluation of the Xpress and Hospital Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2014; 8:434-435. [PMID: 24876602 PMCID: PMC4455418 DOI: 10.1177/1932296813520368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kapusta
- Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jan Skupien
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Wang Y, Hu M. Blood‐Glucose Biosensors, Development and Challenges. DETECTION CHALLENGES IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737302-00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of premature illness and death worldwide. The World Health Organization estimated that by 2030, 439 million people, corresponding to 7.8% of the world adult population, will live with diabetes. With an increasing diabetic population, a Blood Glucose Monitoring System (BGMS) is becoming an ever important tool for diabetes management. The history of blood biosensor development can be traced back to 1932, when Warburg and Christian reported the “yellow enzyme” from yeast changed to colorless upon oxidizing its substrate and resumed the yellow color after its oxidation by oxygen. Since then a lot of research and development has taken place on blood glucose sensors, and the biosensor technology has gone through three generations, with the current commercially available BGMS predominantly relies on the second generation of technology. The advantages and challenges of each generation are discussed. This chapter will examine in detail topics covering the areas of electrode substrate and electrode material selection, fluid detection electrode, reaction chamber, chemistry (electrolyte, polymer, enzyme and mediator), detection method, analytical performance, regulatory requirements and the manufacturing process. The chapter will close with the clinical utility and future direction and application of glucose biosensor include a brief introduction to the Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Siemens HealthCare Diagnostics 511 Benedix Ave. Tarrytown, NY 10591 United States
| | - Madeleine Hu
- The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Road Ewing, NJ 08628‐0718 United States
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