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Crnčević D, Krce L, Mastelić L, Maravić A, Soldo B, Aviani I, Primožič I, Odžak R, Šprung M. The mode of antibacterial action of quaternary N-benzylimidazole salts against emerging opportunistic pathogens. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104938. [PMID: 33933803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are antimicrobial agents displaying a broad spectrum of activity due to their mechanism of action targeting the bacterial membrane. The emergence of bacterial resistance to QACs, especially in times of pandemics, requires the continuous search for new and potent QACs structures. Here we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of QACs based on imidazole derivative, N-benzylimidazole. The antimicrobial activity was tested against a range of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, both ATCC and clinical isolates, showing varying activities ranging in minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from as low as 7 ng/mL. The most promising compound, N-tetradecyl derivative (BnI-14), proved to be very potent against bacterial biofilms, even at sub-MIC doses, suggesting interference with the bacterial growth and/or division process. The BnI-14 treatment induces bacterial membrane disruption, as observed by fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy and it also binds to DNA indicating that bacterial membrane might not be the only cellular target of QACs. Most importantly, BnI-14 exhibits low toxicity to healthy human cell lines, suggesting that N-benzylimidazolium-based QACs may be promising new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Crnčević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, Split, Croatia.
| | - Lucija Krce
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, Split, Croatia.
| | - Linda Mastelić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, Split, Croatia.
| | - Barbara Soldo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ivica Aviani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ines Primožič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Renata Odžak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, Split, Croatia.
| | - Matilda Šprung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, Split, Croatia.
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Bošković P, Šprung M, Bazina L, Soldo B, Odžak R. The Aggregation Behavior and Antioxidative Activity of Amphiphilic Surfactants Based on Quinuclidin‐3‐ol. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Perica Bošković
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Split, R. Bošković 33 21000 Split Croatia
| | - Matilda Šprung
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Split, R. Bošković 33 21000 Split Croatia
| | - Linda Bazina
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Split, R. Bošković 33 21000 Split Croatia
| | - Barbara Soldo
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Split, R. Bošković 33 21000 Split Croatia
| | - Renata Odžak
- Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Split, R. Bošković 33 21000 Split Croatia
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Radman Kastelic A, Odžak R, Pezdirc I, Sović K, Hrenar T, Čipak Gašparović A, Skočibušić M, Primožič I. New and Potent Quinuclidine-Based Antimicrobial Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142675. [PMID: 31340589 PMCID: PMC6680456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new antibiotics is currently very important since antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest problems of global health today. In the search for a new class of potential antimicrobial agents, ten new compounds were designed and synthesized based on the quinuclidinium heterocyclic core and the oxime functional group. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against a panel of representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All compounds demonstrated potent activity against the tested microorganisms, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.25 to 256.00 μg/mL. Among the tested compounds, two quaternary compounds, para-N-chlorobenzyl and meta-N-bromobenzyl quinuclidinium oximes, displayed the most potent and broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains (MIC values from 0.25 to 4.00 μg/mL), with the lowest value for the important multidrug resistant gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae, activity of those compounds are 256-fold and 16-fold better than gentamicin, respectively. MTT assays showed that compounds are nontoxic for human cell lines. Multi-way analysis was used to separately reduce dimensionality of quantum chemical data and biological activity data to obtain a regression model and the required parameters for the enhancement of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Radman Kastelic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Odžak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Iskra Pezdirc
- KB "Sestre milosrdnice", Vinogradska cesta 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Sović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomica Hrenar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mirjana Skočibušić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Ines Primožič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Bazina L, Maravić A, Krce L, Soldo B, Odžak R, Popović VB, Aviani I, Primožič I, Šprung M. Discovery of novel quaternary ammonium compounds based on quinuclidine-3-ol as new potential antimicrobial candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:626-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships of self-assembled and solubilization properties of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium derivatives of quinuclidine. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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