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Ashraf A, ElDin NB, Rostom Y, El-Zeany BA, Sedik GA. Novel RP-HPLC-DAD approach for simultaneous determination of chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride and caffeine with their related substances. BMC Chem 2024; 18:133. [PMID: 39030644 PMCID: PMC11264915 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ensuring the quality control of active pharmaceutical ingredients is crucial for drug products being introduced into the market. Even for established drugs, it is necessary to maintain a cutting-edge impurity control system. To analyze caffeine and chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride in their binary mixture, as well as theophylline and chlorphenoxamine N-oxide as related substances, a reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector system was created. The chromatographic separation was conducted using a C18 X-select Waters® column. The mobile phase consisted of 20.0 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate modified to pH 3 with o-phosphoric acid and methanol. A gradient elution program was adopted at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min and detected at a wavelength of 222 nm. The present methodology demonstrates a concentration ranging from 2-60, 1-80, 0.5-20 to 0.4-20 µg/mL for chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride, caffeine, chlorphenoxamine N-Oxide and theophylline, respectively. Chlorphenoxamine N-Oxide, being an impurity of chlorphenoxamine was prepared by refluxing intact drug with 5% H2O2 for 24 h at 100 °C. One of the objectives of the analytical community is to promote the adoption of green analysis methods, which involve the development of environmentally friendly techniques. The levels of greenness and whiteness were evaluated using four specific tools: Eco-Scale System, GAPI, AGREE, and RGB tool. Furthermore, we have evaluated the greenness of the analytical method presented and compared its performance and greenness to that of the approach described in the literature. In this study, results from CPX and CAF analysis were compared to those obtained in a previous study. The result shows that there is no notable variation in precision and accuracy. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the requirements of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ashraf
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Norhan Badr ElDin
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Rostom
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Badr A El-Zeany
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Sedik
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Hussain A, Afzal O, Yasmin S, Haider N, Altamimi AS, Martinez F, Acree WE, Ramzan M. Preferential Solvation Study of Rosuvastatin in the {PEG400 (1) + Water (2)} Cosolvent Mixture and GastroPlus Software-Based In Vivo Predictions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12761-12772. [PMID: 37065087 PMCID: PMC10099431 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rosuvastatin (RST) is a poorly water-soluble drug responsible for limited in vivo dissolution and subsequently low oral systemic absorption (poor bioavailability). The mole fraction solubility values of RST in various ratios of binary mixtures "{PEG400 (1) + water (2)}" at 298.15 K were employed to investigate the preferential solvation (PS) of RST (3) by the binary components. Moreover, the GastroPlus program predicted the drug dissolution/absorption rates, plasma drug concentration, and compartmental regional drug absorbed from a conventional tablet as compared to the RST-loaded (PEG400 + water) mixture (at x 1 = 0.5) in healthy subjects (considering the fast condition). Fedors' method was adopted to estimate the values of molar volume (314.8 cm3·mol-1) and Hildebrand solubility parameter (28.08 MPa1/2) of RST. The results of inverse Kirkwood-Buff integrals showed the PS of RST by PEG400 as observed in all studied ratios of the binary mixture. The highest PS value (δx 1,3 = 1.65 × 10-2) for RST by PEG400 was attained at x 1 = 0.5. Finally, the GastroPlus program predicted the maximum dissolution rate [20 mg within 15 min as compared to pure RST (1.5 mg within 15 min)]. Moreover, the program predicted increased in vivo oral absorption (1.2 μg/mL) and enhanced regional absorption (95.3%) of RST from upper segments of the gastrointestinal tract for the RST-loaded PEG400 + water mixture in humans as compared to conventional tablets (87.5% as total regional absorption and 0.88 μg/mL as in vivo absorption). Hence, the present binary system ferrying RST can be a promising strategy to control systemic dyslipidemia after oral or subcutaneous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department
of Pathology, College of Medicine, King
Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fleming Martinez
- Grupo
de Investigaciones Farmacéutico-Fisicoquímicas, Departamento
de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
Sede Bogotá, Cra
30 No. 45-03, Bogotá D. C. 111321, Colombia
| | - William E. Acree
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5070, United States
| | - Mohhammad Ramzan
- School
of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, Grand Trunk Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
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RP-HPTLC fingerprinting of secondary metabolites from Nephrolepis exaltata and Cycas revoluta. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Haq N, Alshehri S, Alam P, Ghoneim MM, Hasan Z, Shakeel F. Green analytical chemistry approach for the determination of emtricitabine in human plasma, formulations, and solubility study samples. SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY 2022; 26:100648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2022.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
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Haq N, Alanazi FK, Salem-Bekhit MM, Rabea S, Alam P, Alsarra IA, Shakeel F. Greenness estimation of chromatographic assay for the determination of anthracycline-based antitumor drug in bacterial ghost matrix of Salmonella typhimurium. SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY 2022; 26:100642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2022.100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
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Shah J, Kotadiya R. A Critical Review on Analytical Methods for Recently Approved FDC Drugs: Pregabalin and Etoricoxib. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:1048-1068. [PMID: 33307732 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1855411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) refer to products containing two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. The FDCs are justified because of several advantages. These are a) potentiating therapeutic efficacy, b) reducing the incidences of adverse drug effects, c) having pharmacokinetic advantages, d) reducing pills burden, e) reducing the dose of individual drugs and f) decreasing the drug resistance development. A recently approved FDC of Pregabalin IP (75 mg) and Etoricoxib (60 mg) recommended to control neuropathic chronic back pain. Analytical methods are available for individual quantitation of pregabalin (PGB) and etoricoxib (ETC), but an effective and reliable analytical method has not been reported for their combination. Thus, the objective of this literature survey was to gather information on various analytical instrumental methods used so far for the individual quantitation of PGB and ETC in various matrices. Such data would be useful to the scientific community to develop a novel analytical method for the analysis of recently approved FDC of PGB and ETC. Various scientific databases were explored to meet the objectives, and the information is synchronized. The reported methods are high-performance liquid chromatography (48% & 53%), hyphenated techniques (54% & 21%), spectroscopy (50% & 34%), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography, or thin-layer chromatography (6% & 13%) for pregabalin and etoricoxib, respectively. All these methods were specific and selective for the analysis of individual drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janvi Shah
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajendra Kotadiya
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India
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Alkharfy KM, Jan BL, Raish M, Haq N, Ahmad A. A Sensitive Rapid and Environmentally Friendly UHPLC Assay Method for the Determination of Thymoquinone in Plasma Samples and Its Analytical Application. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:629-635. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A precise, swift and environmental-friendly reverse phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of thymoquinone (TQ) in plasma samples using thymol (TM) as an internal standard was developed and validated. The method used a high strength silica C18 1.7 μm column (100 × 2.1 mm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of a blend of methanol and 20 mM potassium dihydrogen ortho-phosphate (90:10 v/v; pH of 4.2). The selected eluent provided a short run time (≤2 min), better peak symmetry, lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL and satisfactory values of other chromatographic parameters including resolution (Rs = 1), capacity factor (k = 21.5 and 14.5 for TQ and TM, respectively), selectivity (α = 1.482) and number of theoretical plates (N = 1653 and 784 for TQ and TM, respectively). The method was efficiently applied to a pharmacokinetic study of TQ following an intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg/kg in mice. The concentrations of TQ in plasma were measurable up to 12 h with Cmax of 404.08 ± 28.91 ng/mL, T1/2 of 2.31 ± 0.10 h and area under plasma concentration-time curve of 1527.00 ± 46.61 ng/mL × h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit L Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alam P, Ezzeldin E, Iqbal M, Mostafa GA, Anwer MK, Alqarni MH, Foudah AI, Shakeel F. Determination of Delafloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Green RP-HPTLC and NP-HPTLC Methods: A Comparative Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E359. [PMID: 32630451 PMCID: PMC7344820 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work; delafloxacin (DLFX) was determined using a validated green RP-HPTLC and NP-HPTLC methods in commercial tablets and in-house developed solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). RP-HPTLC determination of DLFX was performed using "RP-18 silica gel 60 F254S HPTLC plates". However; NP-HPTLC estimation of DLFX was performed using "silica gel 60 F254S HPTLC plates". For a green RP-HPTLC method; the ternary combination of ethanol:water:ammonia solution (5:4:2 v/v/v) was used as green mobile phase. However; for NP-HPTLC method; the ternary mixture of ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia solution (5:4:2 v/v/v) was used as normal mobile phase. The analysis of DLFX was conducted in absorbance/reflectance mode of densitometry at λmax = 295 nm for both methods. RP-HPTLC method was found more accurate, precise, robust and sensitive for the analysis of DLFX compared with the NP-HPTLC method. The % assay of DLFX in commercial tablets and in-house developed SLNs was determined as 98.2 and 101.0%, respectively, using the green RP-HPTLC technique, however; the % assay of DLFX in commercial tablets and in-house developed SLNs was found to be 94.4 and 95.0%, respectively, using the NP-HPTLC method. Overall, the green RP-HPTLC method was found superior over the NP-HPTLC. Therefore, the proposed green RP-HPTLC method can be successfully applied for analysis of DLFX in commercial tablets, SLNs and other formulations containing DLFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (M.I.); (G.A.E.M.)
- Drug Bioavailability Unit, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (M.I.); (G.A.E.M.)
- Drug Bioavailability Unit, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A.E. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (M.I.); (G.A.E.M.)
- Micro-Analytical Laboratory, Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (P.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Alam P, Ezzeldin E, Iqbal M, Anwer MK, Mostafa GAE, Alqarni MH, Foudah AI, Shakeel F. Ecofriendly densitometric RP-HPTLC method for determination of rivaroxaban in nanoparticle formulations using green solvents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2133-2140. [PMID: 35494604 PMCID: PMC9048746 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A literature survey revealed no suitable “reversed phase-high performance thin layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC)” method for the analysis of rivaroxaban in nanoparticle (NP) formulations. Therefore, a novel rapid, simple, economical and environment friendly RP-HPTLC method has been established for the quantification of rivaroxaban in NP formulations and commercial tablets. RP-HPTLC analysis of rivaroxaban was performed using “RP-18 silica gel 60 F254S HPTLC plates”. The binary mixture of green solvents ethanol : water (7 : 3 v/v) was utilized as the mobile phase. The quantification of rivaroxaban was carried out in densitometric mode at λmax = 253 nm. Rivaroxaban peaks from NP formulations was confirmed by comparing its single spot at Rf = 0.71 ± 0.02 with that of the standard. The proposed RP-HPTLC method was found to be linear in the range of 50–600 ng per band with R2 = 0.9994. The equation for linear regression analysis was obtained as Y = 13.28x + 1189.4. The proposed RP-HPTLC technique was validated for “precision, accuracy, robustness and sensitivity”. The accuracy of the method was obtained as 97.97–99.67%. The % RSD in repeatability and intermediate precision was recorded as 0.46–0.64 and 0.48–0.86%, respectively. The LOD and LOQ for rivaroxaban were obtained as 18.45 and 55.35 ng per spot, respectively. The % content of rivaroxaban in marketed tablets and NPs was recorded as 99.20 and 98.08%, respectively. The proposed RP-HPTLC technique could be successfully applied for the pharmaceutical assay of rivaroxaban in NPs, marketed tablets and related formulations. A literature survey revealed no suitable “reversed phase-high performance thin layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC)” method for the analysis of rivaroxaban in nanoparticle (NP) formulations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- College of Pharmacy
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
- Al-Kharj
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmacy
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
- Al-Kharj
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. E. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- College of Pharmacy
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
- Al-Kharj
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- College of Pharmacy
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
- Al-Kharj
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
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