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Eissa IH, Dahab MA, Ibrahim MK, Alsaif NA, Alanazi AZ, Eissa SI, Mehany ABM, Beauchemin AM. Design and discovery of new antiproliferative 1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-ones as tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeting colchicine binding site. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104965. [PMID: 34020238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-five new colchicine binding site inhibitors have been designed and synthesized based on the 1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one nucleus. Such molecules were synthesized through a cascade reaction between readily accessible α-amino ketones and phenyl carbazate as a masked N-isocyanate precursor. The synthesized derivatives are cisoid restricted combretastatin A4 analogues containing 1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one in place of the olefinic bond, and they have the same essential pharmacophoric features of colchicine binding site inhibitors. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative activities against a panel of three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG-2, and HCT-116), using colchicine as a positive control. Among them, two compounds 5i and 6i demonstrated a significant antiproliferative effect against all cell lines with IC50 ranging from 8.2 - 18.2 µM. Further investigation was carried out for the most active cytotoxic agents as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Compounds 5i and 6i effectively inhibited microtubule assembly with IC50 values ranging from 3.9 to 7.8 µM. Tubulin polymerization assay results were found to be comparable with the cytotoxicity results. The cell cycle analysis revealed significant G2/M cell cycle arrest of the analogue 5i in HepG-2 cells. The most active compounds 4i, 4j, 5 g, 5i and 6i did not induce significant cell death in normal human lung cells Wl-38, suggesting their selectivity against cancer cells. Also, These compounds upregulated the level of active caspase-3 and boosted the levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax by five to seven folds in comparison to the control. Moreover, apoptosis analyses were conducted for compound 5i to evaluate its apoptotic potential. Finally, in silico studies were conducted to reveal the probable interaction with the colchicine binding site. ADME prediction study of the designed compounds showed that they are not only with promising tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity but also with favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A Dahab
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada.
| | - Mohamed K Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Z Alanazi
- Department of pharmacology and toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally I Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - André M Beauchemin
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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Szymanowska A, Gornowicz A, Bielawska A, Bielawski K. [1,2,4]triazines – as potential drugs in cancer chemotherapy. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are a high risk for humanity. In 2018, approximately 18 million new cancer cases
were diagnosed in the world. The choice of treatment depends on the type of cancer
and its stage at diagnosis. The treatment of cancer consists mainly of surgical methods,
radiotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy. Cytotoxic drugs can
be used both in monotherapy and combination therapy. In 2009-2018, the US. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) approved about 356 new drugs for cancer therapy. However,
it should be noted that despite the increasing availability of modern drugs, this disease is
the second leading cause of death in the world. Research on the development of a cytotoxic
drug is aimed at designing a compound structure, whose action is directed at cancer
cells while not affecting normal cells. Triazine derivatives might be the chemical structure
with potential anticancer activity. This scaffold has been used in oncological therapy
since 1965. Depending on the location of the nitrogen atoms in the ring, three isomers
can be distinguished: [1,2,3]triazines, [1,2,4]triazines, [1,3,5]triazines. Modification of the
structure of the [1,2,4]triazine derivatives should provide stronger cytotoxic properties
and reduce the side effects of the novel drug. Designing new preparations also aims to
improve the patient’s quality of life. This review will briefly present how the modification of the chemical structure of [1,2,4]triazine derivatives increases their cytotoxic activity
against cancer and why these compounds may be better tolerated than current therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Bielawska
- Zakład Biotechnologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Zakład Syntezy i Technologii Środków Leczniczych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
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Cascioferro S, Parrino B, Spanò V, Carbone A, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Diana P, Cirrincione G. An overview on the recent developments of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as anticancer compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:328-375. [PMID: 28851503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, the antitumor activity, the SAR and, whenever described, the possible mode of action of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, their N-oxides, N,N'-dioxides as well as the benzo- and hetero-fused systems are reported. Herein are treated derivatives disclosed to literature from the beginning of this century up to 2016. Among the three possible triazine isomers, 1,2,4-triazines are the most studied ones and many derivatives having remarkable antitumor activity have been reported in the literature and also patented reaching advanced phases of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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