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Bernieri EM, Medeiros LS, Lopes UH, Vilas Boas FG, Santos SMD, Marques OKDL, Macêdo GRD, Lustosa R, Franke CR. Patterns and spatial distribution of sea turtle strandings in Alagoas, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116127. [PMID: 38412794 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study makes a descriptive analysis of necropsied sea turtles registered in the Biota Conservation Institute database between May 2018 and May 2022 on the coast of Alagoas, Brazil. During this period, 79 animals of four species were necropsied: 87.4 % (69) Chelonia mydas, 6.3 % (5) Caretta caretta, 3.8 % (3) Lepidochelys olivacea and 2.5 % (2) Eretmochelys imbricata. C. mydas was the most frequent species, mainly juvenile females. In 29.1 % (23/79) evidence of anthropogenic interactions was found (e.g., fishing net marks, plastic waste in the digestive tract, trauma from collisions with boats). Cutaneous tumors suggestive of fibropapillomatosis in 35.4 % (28/79), in C. mydas and E. imbricata, half were in an area of high eutrophication, close to the capital. Endoparasites were found in 46.8 % (37/79) individuals. Information on strandings in the region is essential for understanding the use of the area and the impacts to which these animals are exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Macedo Bernieri
- Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Milton Santos, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, CEP: 40170-110; Biota Institute of Conservation, Rua Padre Odilon Lôbo, n° 5900 Guaxuma, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, CEP 57038-770.
| | - Luciana Santos Medeiros
- Biota Institute of Conservation, Rua Padre Odilon Lôbo, n° 5900 Guaxuma, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, CEP 57038-770
| | - Uylla Hipper Lopes
- Biota Institute of Conservation, Rua Padre Odilon Lôbo, n° 5900 Guaxuma, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, CEP 57038-770
| | - Francielly Gomes Vilas Boas
- Biota Institute of Conservation, Rua Padre Odilon Lôbo, n° 5900 Guaxuma, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, CEP 57038-770
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Lustosa
- Federal University of Western Bahia, Barra Multidisciplinary Center, Av. 23 de Agosto, SN, Assunção, Barra, Bahia, Brazil, CEP: 47100-000
| | - Carlos Roberto Franke
- Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Milton Santos, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, CEP: 40170-110
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Cavaco B, Madeira de Carvalho LM, Shimoda E, Santoro M, Werneck MR. Helminth Fauna of Juvenile Green Sea Turtles ( Chelonia mydas) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Helminthologia 2023; 60:196-200. [PMID: 37745228 PMCID: PMC10516470 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The helminth fauna of juvenile green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758) is still poorly known. Herein, we study the gastrointestinal helminths of 28 juvenile green sea turtles found stranded on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. All turtles were infected showing a rich helminth fauna. In total, 14802 trematodes belonging to 30 species and 5 families including Micros-caphidiidae, Plagiorchiidae, Pronocephalidae, Hapalotrematidae, and Telorchiidae were recovered. An unidentified nematode specimens was also found. The mean intensity was 536 (95% CI = 362 - 853) (range: 1 - 2831), and the species richness was 7.86 (95% CI = 6.46 - 9.21) (range: 1 - 17). The coast of Rio de Janeiro state represents new locality records for Angiodictyum posterovitellatum, Microscaphidium aberrans, M. warui, Octangium hyphalum, O. sagitta, Enodiotrema reductum and Pleurogonius laterouterus. This study confirms that the green sea turtle harbors the richest helminth fauna among sea turtle species and provides useful information on the gastrointestinal helminths of a poorly known stage in the life cycle of this endangered chelonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Cavaco
- CIISA – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)
| | - L. M. Madeira de Carvalho
- CIISA – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS)
| | - E. Shimoda
- Universidade Cândido Mendes, Rua Anita Peçanha, 100, Parque São Caetano. 28030-335 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - M. Santoro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121Naples, Italy
| | - M. R. Werneck
- Instituto BW para Conservação e Medicina da Fauna Marinha. Araruama, RJ, 28970-000, Brazil
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Plesiochorus cymbiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) in Olive Ridley Sea turtles Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Testudines: Chelonidae) from the Brazilian coast: New geographic occurrence and associated injuries. Helminthologia 2021; 58:408-414. [PMID: 35095318 PMCID: PMC8776299 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the first occurrence of Plesiochorus cymbiformis (Digenea: Gorgoderidae), in two Olive Ridley Sea turtles Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Chelonidae), from the states of São Paulo and Sergipe in Brazilian coast. Concerning the Neotropical region, P. cymbiformis has been previously reported in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Panama and Brazil, in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from Brazil, in hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Puerto Rico, and in Olive Ridley Sea turtles only in Costa Rica. Lesions resulting from the presence of parasites in the hosts’ urinary bladders are also presented. This is the second report on endoparasites in Olive Ridley sea turtles from Brazil.
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Some Digenetic Trematodes Found in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( Caretta Caretta) from Brazil. Helminthologia 2021; 58:217-224. [PMID: 34248383 PMCID: PMC8256453 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports three recovered species of digeneans from an adult loggerhead sea turtle - Caretta caretta (Testudines, Cheloniidae) in Brazil. These trematodes include Diaschistorchis pandus (Pronocephalidae), Cymatocarpus solearis (Brachycoeliidae) and Rhytidodes gelatinosus (Rhytidodidae) The first two represent new geographic records. A list of helminths reported from the Neotropical region, Gulf of Mexico and USA (Florida) is presented.
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Werneck MR, Hayes PM, Lawton SP. Molecular evidence for resurrection of Plesiochorus elongatus (Digenea: Gorgoderidae): An urinary bladder parasite of sea turtles. Parasitol Int 2019; 71:180-185. [PMID: 30926538 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trematodes of the genus Plesiochorus were recovered from the urinary bladder of a stranded female adult loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, on a beach in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Morphological analysis of the specimens revealed characteristics resembling the sub-species Plesiochorus cymbiformis elongatus rather than the recently synonymised Plesiochorus cymbiformis. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the ITS2 region also showed that P. c. elongatus was distinct from P. cymbiformis and related taxa. Further analysis of the ITS2 revealed substantial differentiation between P. cymbiformis from the USA and Brazil and the newly sequenced P. c. elongatus from Brazil, while a previously unspecified Plesiochorus sp. from the USA closely related to the novel Brazilian P. c. elongatus was reconciled as a USA isolate of P. c. elongatus. Based on both the morphological and molecular data it is suggested that P. c. elongatus should be referred to as Plesiochorus elongatus and be considered as the second species in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R Werneck
- BW Veterinary Consulting, Rua Sueli Brasil Flores, 88, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ 28970-000, Brazil.
| | - Polly M Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Scott P Lawton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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de Buron I, Colon BL, Siegel SV, Oberstaller J, Rivero A, Kyle DE. First evidence of polychaete intermediate hosts for Neospirorchis spp. marine turtle blood flukes (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae). Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:1097-1106. [PMID: 30367866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Life cycles of spirorchiids that infect the vascular system of turtles are poorly understood. Few life cycles of these blood flukes have been elucidated and all intermediate hosts reported are gastropods (Mollusca), regardless of whether the definitive host is a freshwater or a marine turtle. During a recent survey of blood fluke larvae in polychaetes on the coast of South Carolina, USA, spirorchiid-like cercariae were found to infect the polychaetes Amphitrite ornata (Terebellidae) and Enoplobranchus sanguineus (Polycirridae). Cercariae were large, furcate, with a ventral acetabulum, but no eyespots were observed. Partial sequences of D1-D2 domains of the large ribosomal subunit, the internal transcribed spacer 2, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 genes allowed the identification of sporocysts and cercariae as belonging to two unidentified Neospirorchis species reported from the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Florida: Neospirorchis sp. (Neogen 13) in A. ornata and Neospirorchis sp. (Neogen 14) in E. sanguineus. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that infection of annelids by blood flukes evolved separately in aporocotylids and spirorchiids. Our results support the contention that the Spirorchiidae is not a valid family and suggest that Neospirorchis is a monophyletic clade within the paraphyletic Spirorchiidae. Since specificity of spirorchiids for their intermediate hosts is broader than it was thus far assumed, surveys of annelids in turtle habitats are necessary to further our understanding of the life history of these pathogenic parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaure de Buron
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, 205 Ft Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Beatrice L Colon
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Coverdell Room 370B, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3270 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sasha V Siegel
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3270 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jenna Oberstaller
- Center for Global Health Infectious Diseases Research, University of South Florida, 3270 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrea Rivero
- Center for Global Health Infectious Diseases Research, University of South Florida, 3270 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dennis E Kyle
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Coverdell Room 370B, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Global Health Infectious Diseases Research, University of South Florida, 3270 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Werneck MR, Mastrangelli A, Velloso R, Jerdy H, Carvalho ECQ. Chronic Cystitis Associated with Plesiochorus cymbiformis () (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) in a Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta (Linnaeus 1758) (Testudines, Cheloniidae) from Brazil: A Case Report. J Parasitol 2018; 104:334-336. [DOI: 10.1645/17-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Max R. Werneck
- BW Veterinary Consulting. Estrada RJ 102, Km 12, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ (CEP) 28970-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Mastrangelli
- CTA Serviços em Meio Ambiente, Rua Saturnino Rangel Mauro 283, Pontal de Camburi, Vitória, ES, CEP 29062-030, Brazil
| | - Renato Velloso
- CTA Serviços em Meio Ambiente, Rua Saturnino Rangel Mauro 283, Pontal de Camburi, Vitória, ES, CEP 29062-030, Brazil
| | - Hassan Jerdy
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro–UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Eulógio C. Q. Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro–UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil
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Gomes M, Martins I, Werneck M, Pavanelli L. Ecologia da comunidade de helmintos gastrointestinais de tartarugas-verdes ( Chelonia mydas ) recolhidas no litoral do Espírito Santo. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A tartaruga-verde, Chelonia mydas, apresenta distribuição cosmopolita. No Brasil, ocorre na costa, porém desova em ilhas oceânicas. A helmintofauna de tartarugas-verdes é diversificada, podendo-se dizer que tem a maior diversidade comparada com outras espécies de tartarugas. Objetivou-se avaliar aspectos ecológicos da comunidade de helmintos gastrointestinais e relacionar com a condição corporal de tartarugas-verdes recolhidas no litoral do Espírito Santo. Foram utilizados 36 exemplares juvenis da espécie C. mydas. O trato gastrointestinal foi separado e dividido em porções: esôfago/estômago, intestino delgado e intestino grosso. Cada porção foi inspecionada à procura de parasitos, e os exemplares encontrados foram separados para posterior identificação. Das 36 tartarugas avaliadas, 34 estavam parasitadas por helmintos (94,44%), com um total de 10.734 helmintos. Foram encontradas 18 espécies de trematodas pertencentes a quatro famílias. A riqueza de espécies encontrada foi de 4,29±2,19 (1-10) e a intensidade média de infecção foi de 315,64±281,83 (2-994) helmintos. Os parasitos mais prevalentes foram Cricocephalus albus, Metacetabulum invaginatum e Neoctangium travassosi, ambos com 61,11% (22/36), Pronocephalus obliquus com 33,33% (12/36), e Glyphicephalus lobatus com 30,55% (11/36). O helminto mais abundante foi M. invaginatum com 70,63 helmintos/animal, seguido de C. albus com 58,77 helmintos/animal e N. travassosi com 41,75 helmintos/animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Abstract
Summary
This paper presents a list of parasites described in sea turtles from the Neotropical region. Through the review of literature the occurrence of 79 taxa of helminthes parasites were observed, mostly consisting of the Phylum Platyhelminthes with 76 species distributed in 14 families and 2 families of the Phylum Nematoda within 3 species. Regarding the parasite records, the most studied host was the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) followed by the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Overall helminths were reported in 12 countries and in the Caribbean Sea region. This checklist is the largest compilation of data on helminths found in sea turtles in the Neotropical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Werneck
- BW Veterinary Consulting. Rua Ponciano Eugênio Duarte 203, Centro, Zip Code: 11680-000, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - R. J. Da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Parasitology, Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Werneck MR, Modolo Conti L, Berger B. Report of Enodiotrema megachondrus (Looss, 1899) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae) in a green turtle Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758 (Testudines, Cheloniidae) from Brazil. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
This paper describes the occurrence of Enodiotrema megachondrus (Looss, 1899) Looss, 1901 in a juvenile green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758) found on the coast of Brazil. This parasite has been described in Caretta caretta from Egypt, France, the Mediterranean Sea, the Madeira Archipelago, the Adriatic Sea and the USA, in C. mydas from Egypt and the USA, in Eretmochelys imbricata from Cuba, in Lepidochelys olivacea from Mexico and Costa Rica and in Lepidochelys kempii from USA. This note represents the first report of E. megachondus in a green sea turtle in the South-West Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Werneck
- BW Veterinary Consulting. Rua Ponciano Eugênio Duarte 203, Centro, Zip Code: 11680-000, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - L. Modolo Conti
- CTA – Enviromental services. Adress: Rua Saturnino Rangel Mauro 283, Pontal de Camburi, Vitória, Zip Code: 29062-030, Espirito Santo State, Brazil
| | - B. Berger
- CTA – Enviromental services. Adress: Rua Saturnino Rangel Mauro 283, Pontal de Camburi, Vitória, Zip Code: 29062-030, Espirito Santo State, Brazil
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