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Farid M, Aboul Naser AF, Salem M, Ahmed YR, Emam M, Hamed MA. Chemical compositions of Commiphora opobalsamum stem bark to alleviate liver complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: Role of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Biomarkers 2022; 27:671-683. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2099015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Farid
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Aboul Naser
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Salem
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yomna R. Ahmed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Emam
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Manal A. Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki Giza, Egypt
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Irving H, Turek I, Kettle C, Yaakob N. Tapping into 5-HT 3 Receptors to Modify Metabolic and Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111910. [PMID: 34769340 PMCID: PMC8584345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors are ligand gated ion channels, which clearly distinguish their mode of action from the other G-protein coupled 5-HT or serotonin receptors. 5-HT3 receptors are well established targets for emesis and gastrointestinal mobility and are used as adjunct targets in treating schizophrenia. However, the distribution of these receptors is wider than the nervous system and there is potential that these additional sites can be targeted to modulate inflammatory and/or metabolic conditions. Recent progress in structural biology and pharmacology of 5-HT3 receptors have provided profound insights into mechanisms of their action. These advances, combined with insights into clinical relevance of mutations in genes encoding 5-HT3 subunits and increasing understanding of their implications in patient's predisposition to diseases and response to the treatment, open new avenues for personalized precision medicine. In this review, we recap on the current status of 5-HT3 receptor-based therapies using a biochemical and physiological perspective. We assess the potential for targeting 5-HT3 receptors in conditions involving metabolic or inflammatory disorders based on recent findings, underscoring the challenges and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilona Turek
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Christine Kettle
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Nor Yaakob
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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Zeng F, Luo J, Han H, Xie W, Wang L, Han R, Chen H, Cai Y, Huang H, Xia Z. Allopurinol ameliorates liver injury in type 1 diabetic rats through activating Nrf2. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211031417. [PMID: 34240649 PMCID: PMC8274082 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211031417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays important roles in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a common complication in diabetic patients. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is important for cell antioxidant protection, while its role in exogenous antioxidant mediated protection against NAFLD is unclear. We thus, postulated that antioxidant treatment with allopurinol (ALP) may attenuate diabetic liver injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. Control (C) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats (D) were untreated or treated with ALP for 4 weeks starting at 1 week after diabetes induction. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), production of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected. Liver protein expressions of cleaved-caspase 3, IL-1β, nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), P62, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and LC3 were analyzed. In vitro, cultured rat normal hepatocytes BRL-3A were grouped to normal glucose (5.5 mM, NG) or high glucose (25 mM, HG) and treated with or without allopurinol (100 µM) for 48 h. Rats in the D group demonstrated liver injury evidenced as increased serum levels of ALT and AST. Diabetes increased apoptotic cell death, enhanced liver protein expressions of cleaved-caspase 3 and IL-1β with concomitantly increased production of MDA while serum SOD content was significantly reduced (all P < 0.05 vs C). In the meantime, protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and P62 were reduced while Keap1 and LC3 were increased in the untreated D group as compared to control (P < 0.05 vs C). And all the above alterations were significantly attenuated by ALP. Similar to our findings obtained from in vivo study, we got the same results in in vitro experiments. It is concluded that ALP activates the Nrf2/p62 pathway to ameliorate oxidative stress and liver injury in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jierong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huansen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, HuiZhou First Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, China
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Ghiasi R, Alihemmati A, Naderi R. The impacts of garlic and voluntary training alone or together on myocardial miR-126 and miR-210 gene expressions and angiogenesis in healthy rats. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:195-202. [PMID: 33123325 PMCID: PMC7581846 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: microRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in both physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that garlic and exercise training have many beneficial effects in different disorders including cardiovascular disease. However, their mechanisms have not been fully understood. This study sought to investigate the impact of garlic and voluntary training alone or together on themiR-126 and miR-210 gene expressions and cardiac angiogenesis. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7): (1) Control, (2) Garlic, (3) Exercise, and (4) Garlic+ Exercise. Animals were gavaged with raw fresh garlic homogenate (250 mg/kg body weight/day) or were subjected to voluntary training alone or together for about 6 weeks. The expressions of miR-126 and miR-210 in the heart tissue were measured by real-time PCR and lipid profile in serum was assessed by enzymatic kits. Angiogenesis was determined by immuno staining detection of PECAM-1 and CD31 in the heart tissue. Results: Garlic and exercise up-regulated myocardial miR-126 (P < 0.01), miR-210 (P < 0.001)expressions, and angiogenesis (P < 0.001) which was evidenced by higher CD31 expression. Besides, combination of garlic and exercise amplified their effects on those parameters (P < 0.001). Moreover, both voluntary exercise and garlic alone (P < 0.01) or together (P < 0.001) markedly modulated serum lipid profile. Conclusion: Voluntary exercise and garlic treatment for 6 weeks enhanced myocardial angiogenesis. These alterations were partly due to the increment of miR-126 and miR-210 expressions in the heart tissue in relation to improvement in lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafighe Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Ghazipour AM, Shirpoor A, Ghiasi R, Pourheydar B, Khalaji N, Naderi R. Cyclosporine A induces testicular injury via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by regulation of mir-34a and sirt-1 in male rats: The rescue effect of curcumin. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109180. [PMID: 32569592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Testicular damage contributes to cyclosporine A (CsA) induced male infertility. However, the exact underlying molecular mediators involved in CsA-induced testis disorder remains unclear. The present study aimed to characterize the role of mir-34a/sirt-1 in CsA induced testicular injury alone or in combination with curcumin. A total of twenty-eight male Wistar rats were subdivided into four groups: control (Con), sham, cyclosporine A (CsA), cyclosporineA + curcumin (CsA + cur). The animals received cyclosporine A (30 mg/kg) and curcumin (40 mg/kg) for 28 days by oral gavage. At the end of the experiment, CsA administration significantly resulted in a decrease in testis weight and testis coefficient. The molecular analysis demonstrated that CsA exposure increased 8-OHdg and Nox4 protein contents in the testis tissue. TUNEL staining indicated that CsA caused the number of apoptotic cells to increase in the testes of male rats. In addition, exposure to CsA resulted in an increased expression of Bax, and a decreased expresion in that of Bcl-2, with a concomitant up-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2, c-Caspase-3/p-Caspase-3 ratio and cytochrome c level. Meanwhile, exposure to CsA increased the expression of mir-34a and decreased sirt-1 protein level in the testis tissue samples compared to the control group. Taken together, our findings suggested that CsA can cause damage to testicular germ cells via oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and probably mir-34a/sirt-1 play a crucial role in this process. It also demonstrates that these negative effects of CsA can be reduced by using curcumin as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Shirpoor
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rafighe Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naser Khalaji
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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