1
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Zhang SL, Yu HJ, Lian ZQ, Wan J, Xie SM, Lei W, Chen QP, Zhang L, Wang Q. Septin9 DNA methylation is associated with breast cancer recurrence or metastasis. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231220827. [PMID: 38180895 PMCID: PMC10771060 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231220827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the prognostic value of Septin9 DNA methylation in breast cancer. METHODS Breast cancer patients with and without recurrence or metastasis and matched non-breast cancer patients were screened retrospectively from 2014 to 2016. Bisulfite conversion and fluorescence quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the Septin9 methylation status and distribution levels in patient breast tissues. RESULTS Septin9 DNA methylation was more frequent in breast cancer tissues than in non-breast cancer tissues, but was not significantly correlated with any relevant breast cancer patient clinicopathological characteristic. Septin9 methylation rates were higher in patients with recurrence or metastasis. Septin9 methylation, tumor size, lymph node status, and progesterone receptor (PR) expression could influence prognosis. Septin9 methylation was significantly associated with worse disease-free survival in breast cancer patients, with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicating that it had good prognostic ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.719. The AUC values increased when Septin9 methylation was combined with tumor size, lymph node status, and PR to predict prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Septin9 DNA methylation was an independent predictors of breast cancer prognostic risk. This could possibly help improve comprehensive prognosis prediction methods when combined with other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Jing Yu
- Department of Breast Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Lian
- Department of Breast Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Breast Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Mei Xie
- Department of Breast Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Breast Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Okletey J, Angelis D, Jones TM, Montagna C, Spiliotis ET. An oncogenic isoform of septin 9 promotes the formation of juxtanuclear invadopodia by reducing nuclear deformability. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112893. [PMID: 37516960 PMCID: PMC10530659 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading structures, which promote cancer cell invasion. The nucleus is increasingly viewed as a mechanosensory organelle that determines migratory strategies. However, how the nucleus crosstalks with invadopodia is little known. Here, we report that the oncogenic septin 9 isoform 1 (SEPT9_i1) is a component of breast cancer invadopodia. SEPT9_i1 depletion diminishes invadopodium formation and the clustering of the invadopodium precursor components TKS5 and cortactin. This phenotype is characterized by deformed nuclei and nuclear envelopes with folds and grooves. We show that SEPT9_i1 localizes to the nuclear envelope and juxtanuclear invadopodia. Moreover, exogenous lamin A rescues nuclear morphology and juxtanuclear TKS5 clusters. Importantly, SEPT9_i1 is required for the amplification of juxtanuclear invadopodia, which is induced by the epidermal growth factor. We posit that nuclei of low deformability favor the formation of juxtanuclear invadopodia in a SEPT9_i1-dependent manner, which functions as a tunable mechanism for overcoming ECM impenetrability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Okletey
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dimitrios Angelis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tia M Jones
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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3
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Martens AK, Erwig M, Patzig J, Fledrich R, Füchtbauer EM, Werner HB. Targeted inactivation of the Septin2 and Septin9 genes in myelinating Schwann cells of mice. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:290-302. [PMID: 36378242 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation of axon-enwrapping myelin sheaths by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system involves the assembly of a scaffolding septin filament comprised of the subunits SEPTIN2, SEPTIN4, SEPTIN7 and SEPTIN8. Conversely, in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), myelin is synthesized by a different cell type termed Schwann cells, and it remained unknown if septins also assemble as a multimer in PNS myelin. According to prior proteome analysis, PNS myelin comprises the subunits SEPTIN2, SEPTIN7, SEPTIN8, SEPTIN9, and SEPTIN11, which localize to the paranodal and abaxonal myelin subcompartments. Here, we use the Cre/loxP-system to delete the Septin9-gene specifically in Schwann cells, causing a markedly reduced abundance of SEPTIN9 in sciatic nerves, implying that Schwann cells are the main cell type expressing SEPTIN9 in the nerve. However, Septin9-deficiency in Schwann cells did not affect the abundance or localization of other septin subunits. In contrast, when deleting the Septin2-gene in Schwann cells the abundance of all relevant septin subunits was markedly reduced, including SEPTIN9. Notably, we did not find evidence that deleting Septin2 or Septin9 in Schwann cells impairs myelin biogenesis, nerve conduction velocity or motor/sensory capabilities, at least at the assessed timepoints. Our data thus show that SEPTIN2 but not SEPTIN9 is required for the formation or stabilization of a septin multimer in PNS myelin in vivo; however, its functional relevance remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Martens
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michelle Erwig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Patzig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Okletey J, Angelis D, Jones TM, Montagna C, Spiliotis ET. An oncogenic isoform of septin 9 promotes the formation of juxtanuclear invadopodia by reducing nuclear deformability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.18.545473. [PMID: 37398172 PMCID: PMC10312791 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.18.545473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Invadopodia are extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading structures, which promote cancer cell invasion. The nucleus is increasingly viewed as a mechanosensory organelle that determines migratory strategies. However, how the nucleus crosstalks with invadopodia is little known. Here, we report that the oncogenic septin 9 isoform 1 (SEPT9_i1) is a component of breast cancer invadopodia. SEPT9_i1 depletion diminishes invadopodia formation and the clustering of invadopodia precursor components TKS5 and cortactin. This phenotype is characterized by deformed nuclei, and nuclear envelopes with folds and grooves. We show that SEPT9_i1 localizes to the nuclear envelope and juxtanuclear invadopodia. Moreover, exogenous lamin A rescues nuclear morphology and juxtanuclear TKS5 clusters. Importantly, SEPT9_i1 is required for the amplification of juxtanuclear invadopodia, which is induced by the epidermal growth factor. We posit that nuclei of low deformability favor the formation of juxtanuclear invadopodia in a SEPT9_i1-dependent manner, which functions as a tunable mechanism for overcoming ECM impenetrability. Highlights The oncogenic SEPT9_i1 is enriched in breast cancer invadopodia in 2D and 3D ECMSEPT9_i1 promotes invadopodia precursor clustering and invadopodia elongationSEPT9_i1 localizes to the nuclear envelope and reduces nuclear deformabilitySEPT9_i1 is required for EGF-induced amplification of juxtanuclear invadopodia. eTOC Blurb Invadopodia promote the invasion of metastatic cancers. The nucleus is a mechanosensory organelle that determines migratory strategies, but how it crosstalks with invadopodia is unknown. Okletey et al show that the oncogenic isoform SEPT9_i1 promotes nuclear envelope stability and the formation of invadopodia at juxtanuclear areas of the plasma membrane.
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5
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Kmeid M, Park YN, Chung T, Pacheco RR, Arslan ME, Lee H. SEPT9 Expression in Hepatic Nodules: An Immunohistochemical Study of Hepatocellular Neoplasm and Metastasis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:278-287. [PMID: 36867734 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The methylated SEPT9 DNA ( mSEPT9 ) in plasma is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved screening biomarker in colorectal cancer and is emerging as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the SEPT9 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in various hepatic tumors from 164 hepatectomies and explants. Cases diagnosed as HCC (n=68), hepatocellular adenoma (n=31), dysplastic nodule (n=24), and metastasis (n=41) were retrieved. SEPT9 stain was performed on representative tissue blocks showing tumor/liver interface. For HCC, archived IHC (SATB2, CK19, CDX2, CK20, and CDH17) slides were also reviewed. The findings were correlated with demographics, risk factors, tumor size, alpha fetoprotein levels at diagnosis, T stage and oncologic outcomes, with significance defined as P <0.05. Percentage of SEPT9 positivity differed significantly among hepatocellular adenoma (3%), dysplastic nodule (0%), HCC (32%), and metastasis (83%, P <0.001). Compared with patients with SEPT9- HCC, those with SEPT9+ HCC were older (70 vs. 63 y, P =0.01). The extent of SEPT9 staining correlated with age ( rs =0.31, P =0.01), tumor grade ( rs =0.30, P =0.01), and extent of SATB2 staining ( rs =0.28, P =0.02). No associations were found between SEPT9 staining and tumor size, T stage, risk factors, CK19, CDX2, CK20, or CDH17 expression, alpha fetoprotein levels at diagnosis, METAVIR fibrosis stage, and oncologic outcome in the HCC cohort. SEPT9 is likely implicated in liver carcinogenesis in a HCC subset. Similar to mSEPT9 DNA measurement in liquid biopsies, SEPT9 staining by IHC may prove helpful as an adjunct diagnostic biomarker with potential prognostic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Kmeid
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY
| | | | - Taek Chung
- Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hwajeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY
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6
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Luo B, Zhou J, Li Z, Song J, An P, Zhang H, Chen Y, Lan F, Ying B, Wu Y. Ultrasensitive DNA Methylation Ratio Detection Based on the Target-Induced Nanoparticle-Coupling and Site-Specific Base Oxidation Damage for Colorectal Cancer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6261-6270. [PMID: 35404585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation analysis holds great promise in the whole process management of cancer early screening, diagnosis, and prognosis monitoring. Nevertheless, accurate detection of target methylated DNA, especially its methylation ratio in the genome, remains challenging. Herein, we report for the first time an integrated strategy of target-induced nanoparticle-coupling and site-specific base oxidation damage for DNA methylation analysis with the assistance of well-designed nanosensors. The ultrahigh sensitivity for detecting target methylated DNA as low as 32 × 10-17 M and high specificity for distinguishing 0.001% methylation ratio are achieved by this proposed strategy without amplification operations. Notably, the precise quantification of target DNA methylation ratio has been achieved for the first time. Through quantitative detection of target methylated DNA and methylation ratio, this proposed strategy could reliably diagnose and monitor cancer progression and treatment responses for colorectal cancer, which is superior to the clinical Septin 9 kit. It is anticipated that the proposed strategy has attractive application prospects in early diagnosis and monitoring for colorectal cancer and other various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng An
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Huinan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
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7
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Cavini IA, Leonardo DA, Rosa HVD, Castro DKSV, D'Muniz Pereira H, Valadares NF, Araujo APU, Garratt RC. The Structural Biology of Septins and Their Filaments: An Update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765085. [PMID: 34869357 PMCID: PMC8640212 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to fully understand any complex biochemical system from a mechanistic point of view, it is necessary to have access to the three-dimensional structures of the molecular components involved. Septins and their oligomers, filaments and higher-order complexes are no exception. Indeed, the spontaneous recruitment of different septin monomers to specific positions along a filament represents a fascinating example of subtle molecular recognition. Over the last few years, the amount of structural information available about these important cytoskeletal proteins has increased dramatically. This has allowed for a more detailed description of their individual domains and the different interfaces formed between them, which are the basis for stabilizing higher-order structures such as hexamers, octamers and fully formed filaments. The flexibility of these structures and the plasticity of the individual interfaces have also begun to be understood. Furthermore, recently, light has been shed on how filaments may bundle into higher-order structures by the formation of antiparallel coiled coils involving the C-terminal domains. Nevertheless, even with these advances, there is still some way to go before we fully understand how the structure and dynamics of septin assemblies are related to their physiological roles, including their interactions with biological membranes and other cytoskeletal components. In this review, we aim to bring together the various strands of structural evidence currently available into a more coherent picture. Although it would be an exaggeration to say that this is complete, recent progress seems to suggest that headway is being made in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo A Cavini
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Diego A Leonardo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Higor V D Rosa
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Danielle K S V Castro
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana P U Araujo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Richard C Garratt
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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8
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Feng Q, Xia W, Wang S, Dai G, Jiao W, Guo N, Li H, Zhang G. Etodolac improves collagen induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats by inhibiting synovial inflammation, fibrosis and hyperplasia. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:33. [PMID: 35006449 PMCID: PMC8607370 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial hyperplasia is the main cause of chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanism of synovial hyperplasia is still unclear. Etodolac (ETD) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor for relieving pain and stiffness in RA, but the disease modifying effect is still lack of evidence. Proteomics method was used to study the differential proteome of synovial tissue in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. With the help of STRING analysis, the upregulated proteins enriched in the cluster of complement and coagulation cascades and platelet degranulation were highlighted, these proteins with fibrogenic factors Lum, CIV, CXI and Tgfbi participated in the synovial inflammation, fibrosis and hyperplasia in CIA. Based on KOG function class analysis, the proteins involved in the events of the central dogma was explored. They might be hyperplasia related proteins for most of them are related to the proliferation of cancer. ETD significantly attenuated synovial inflammation, fibrosis and hyperplasia in CIA rats by downregulating these proteins. Several proteins have not been observed in RA so far, such as Tmsb4x, Pura, Nfic, Ruvbl1, Snrpd3, U2af2, Srrm2, Srsf7, Elavl1, Hnrnph1, Wars, Yars, Bzw2, Mcts1, Eif4b, Ctsh, Lamp1, Dpp7, Ptges3, Cdc37 and Septin9, they might be potentials targets for RA. Blood biochemistry tests showed the safety of 7 months use of ETD on rats. In conclusion, present study displayed a comprehensive mechanism of synovial hyperplasia in CIA rats, on this basis, the clinical value of ETD in the treatment of RA was well confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Weimei Jiao
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Na Guo
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Honghua Li
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China. .,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China. .,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Linyi, China.
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9
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Devlin L, Okletey J, Perkins G, Bowen JR, Nakos K, Montagna C, Spiliotis ET. Proteomic profiling of the oncogenic septin 9 reveals isoform-specific interactions in breast cancer cells. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100155. [PMID: 34409731 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Septins are a family of multimeric GTP-binding proteins, which are abnormally expressed in cancer. Septin 9 (SEPT9) is an essential and ubiquitously expressed septin with multiple isoforms, which have differential expression patterns and effects in breast cancer cells. It is unknown, however, if SEPT9 isoforms associate with different molecular networks and functions. Here, we performed a proteomic screen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells to identify the interactome of GFP-SEPT9 isoforms 1, 4 and 5, which vary significantly in their N-terminal extensions. While all three isoforms associated with SEPT2 and SEPT7, the truncated SEPT9_i4 and SEPT9_i5 interacted with septins of the SEPT6 group more promiscuously than SEPT9_i1, which bound predominately SEPT8. Spatial mapping and functional clustering of non-septin partners showed isoform-specific differences in interactions with proteins of distinct subcellular organelles (e.g., nuclei, centrosomes, cilia) and functions such as cell signalling and ubiquitination. The interactome of the full length SEPT9_i1 was more enriched in cytoskeletal regulators, while the truncated SEPT9_i4 and SEPT9_i5 exhibited preferential and isoform-specific interactions with nuclear, signalling, and ubiquitinating proteins. These data provide evidence for isoform-specific interactions, which arise from truncations in the N-terminal extensions of SEPT9, and point to novel roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Devlin
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua Okletey
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Bowen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Konstantinos Nakos
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Radiology & Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Iv F, Martins CS, Castro-Linares G, Taveneau C, Barbier P, Verdier-Pinard P, Camoin L, Audebert S, Tsai FC, Ramond L, Llewellyn A, Belhabib M, Nakazawa K, Di Cicco A, Vincentelli R, Wenger J, Cabantous S, Koenderink GH, Bertin A, Mavrakis M. Insights into animal septins using recombinant human septin octamers with distinct SEPT9 isoforms. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258484. [PMID: 34350965 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septin GTP-binding proteins contribute essential biological functions that range from the establishment of cell polarity to animal tissue morphogenesis. Human septins in cells form hetero-octameric septin complexes containing the ubiquitously expressed SEPT9 subunit (also known as SEPTIN9). Despite the established role of SEPT9 in mammalian development and human pathophysiology, biochemical and biophysical studies have relied on monomeric SEPT9, thus not recapitulating its native assembly into hetero-octameric complexes. We established a protocol that enabled, for the first time, the isolation of recombinant human septin octamers containing distinct SEPT9 isoforms. A combination of biochemical and biophysical assays confirmed the octameric nature of the isolated complexes in solution. Reconstitution studies showed that octamers with either a long or a short SEPT9 isoform form filament assemblies, and can directly bind and cross-link actin filaments, raising the possibility that septin-decorated actin structures in cells reflect direct actin-septin interactions. Recombinant SEPT9-containing octamers will make it possible to design cell-free assays to dissect the complex interactions of septins with cell membranes and the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Iv
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Carla Silva Martins
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Gerard Castro-Linares
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cyntia Taveneau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
| | - Pascale Barbier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Verdier-Pinard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Department of Living Matter, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurie Ramond
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Alex Llewellyn
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Mayssa Belhabib
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Koyomi Nakazawa
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS UMR7257, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jerome Wenger
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabantous
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Living Matter, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manos Mavrakis
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
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11
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Hong Y, Li X, Zhu J. LSD1-mediated stabilization of SEPT6 protein activates the TGF-β1 pathway and regulates non-small-cell lung cancer metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:189-201. [PMID: 33664458 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent cancer with unfavorable prognosis. Over the past decade accumulating studies have reported an involvement of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) in NSCLC development. Here, we aimed to explore whether LSD1 affects the metastasis of NSCLC by mediating Septin 6 (SEPT6) through the TGF-β1 pathway. RT-qPCR was used to determine LSD1 and SEPT6 expression in NSCLC tissues and cells. Interactions between LSD1, SEPT6, and TGF-β1 were detected using lentivirus-mediated silencing of LSD1 and overexpression of SEPT6. The role of LSD1 and SEPT6 in mediating the biological behavior of NSCLC cells was determined using the EdU proliferation assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Thereafter, transplanted cell tumors into nude mice were used to explore the in vivo effects of LSD1 and SEPT6 on metastasis of NSCLC. LSD1 and SEPT6 were overexpressed in NSCLC tissue and cell samples. LSD1 could demethylate the promoter of the SEPT6 to positively regulate SEPT6 expression. LSD1 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion, while suppressing the apoptosis of NSCLC cells by increasing SEPT6 expression. LSD1-mediated SEPT6 accelerated in vivo NSCLC metastasis through the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Collectively, LSD1 demethylates SEPT6 promoter to upregulate SEPT6, which activates TGF-β1 pathway, thereby promoting metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Hong
- Department of Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China
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12
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DeRose BT, Kelley RS, Ravi R, Kokona B, Beld J, Spiliotis ET, Padrick SB. Production and analysis of a mammalian septin hetero-octamer complex. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:485-499. [PMID: 33185030 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The septins are filament-forming proteins found in diverse eukaryotes from fungi to vertebrates, with roles in cytokinesis, shaping of membranes and modifying cytoskeletal organization. These GTPases assemble into rod-shaped soluble hetero-hexamers and hetero-octamers in mammals, which polymerize into filaments and higher order structures. While the cell biology and pathobiology of septins are advancing rapidly, mechanistic study of the mammalian septins is limited by a lack of recombinant hetero-octamer materials. We describe here the production and characterization of a recombinant mammalian septin hetero-octamer of defined stoichiometry, the SEPT2/SEPT6/SEPT7/SEPT3 complex. Using a fluorescent protein fusion to the complex, we observed filaments assembled from this complex. In addition, we used this novel tool to resolve recent questions regarding the organization of the soluble septin complex. Biochemical characterization of a SEPT3 truncation that disrupts SEPT3-SEPT3 interactions is consistent with SEPT3 occupying a central position in the complex while the SEPT2 subunits are at the ends of the rod-shaped octameric complexes. Consistent with SEPT2 being on the complex ends, we find that our purified SEPT2/SEPT6/SEPT7/SEPT3 hetero-octamer copolymerizes into mixed filaments with separately purified SEPT2/SEPT6/SEPT7 hetero-hexamer. We expect this new recombinant production approach to lay essential groundwork for future studies into mammalian septin mechanism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry T DeRose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert S Kelley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Roshni Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,WuXi Advanced Therapies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bashkim Kokona
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joris Beld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shae B Padrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Sun J, Zheng MY, Li YW, Zhang SW. Structure and function of Septin 9 and its role in human malignant tumors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:619-631. [PMID: 32699577 PMCID: PMC7340996 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i6.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment and prognosis of malignant tumors are closely related to the time when the tumors are diagnosed; the earlier the diagnosis of the tumor, the better the prognosis. However, most tumors are not detected in the early stages of screening and diagnosis. It is of great clinical significance to study the correlation between multiple pathogeneses of tumors and explore simple, safe, specific, and sensitive molecular indicators for early screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. The Septin 9 (SEPT9) gene has been found to be associated with a variety of human diseases, and it plays a role in the development of tumors. SEPT9 is a member of the conserved family of cytoskeletal GTPase, which consists of a P-loop-based GTP-binding domain flanked by a variable N-terminal region and a C-terminal region. SEPT9 is involved in many biological processes such as cytokinesis, polarization, vesicle trafficking, membrane reconstruction, deoxyribonucleic acid repair, cell migration, and apoptosis. Several studies have shown that SEPT9 may serve as a marker for early screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of some malignant tumors, and have the potential to become a new target for anti-cancer therapy. This article reviews the progress in research on the SEPT9 gene in early screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Min-Ying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yu-Wei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Shi-Wu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
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14
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Castro DKSDV, da Silva SMDO, Pereira HD, Macedo JNA, Leonardo DA, Valadares NF, Kumagai PS, Brandão-Neto J, Araújo APU, Garratt RC. A complete compendium of crystal structures for the human SEPT3 subgroup reveals functional plasticity at a specific septin interface. IUCRJ 2020; 7:462-479. [PMID: 32431830 PMCID: PMC7201284 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human septins 3, 9 and 12 are the only members of a specific subgroup of septins that display several unusual features, including the absence of a C-terminal coiled coil. This particular subgroup (the SEPT3 septins) are present in rod-like octameric protofilaments but are lacking in similar hexameric assemblies, which only contain representatives of the three remaining subgroups. Both hexamers and octamers can self-assemble into mixed filaments by end-to-end association, implying that the SEPT3 septins may facilitate polymerization but not necessarily function. These filaments frequently associate into higher order complexes which associate with biological membranes, triggering a wide range of cellular events. In the present work, a complete compendium of crystal structures for the GTP-binding domains of all of the SEPT3 subgroup members when bound to either GDP or to a GTP analogue is provided. The structures reveal a unique degree of plasticity at one of the filamentous interfaces (dubbed NC). Specifically, structures of the GDP and GTPγS complexes of SEPT9 reveal a squeezing mechanism at the NC interface which would expel a polybasic region from its binding site and render it free to interact with negatively charged membranes. On the other hand, a polyacidic region associated with helix α5', the orientation of which is particular to this subgroup, provides a safe haven for the polybasic region when retracted within the interface. Together, these results suggest a mechanism which couples GTP binding and hydrolysis to membrane association and implies a unique role for the SEPT3 subgroup in this process. These observations can be accounted for by constellations of specific amino-acid residues that are found only in this subgroup and by the absence of the C-terminal coiled coil. Such conclusions can only be reached owing to the completeness of the structural studies presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Karoline Silva do Vale Castro
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Joao Dagnone 1100, São Carlos-SP 13563-723, Brazil
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Matos de Oliveira da Silva
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Joao Dagnone 1100, São Carlos-SP 13563-723, Brazil
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Humberto D’Muniz Pereira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Joao Dagnone 1100, São Carlos-SP 13563-723, Brazil
| | - Joci Neuby Alves Macedo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Joao Dagnone 1100, São Carlos-SP 13563-723, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondonia, Rodovia BR-174, Km 3, Vilhena-RO 76980-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Antonio Leonardo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Joao Dagnone 1100, São Carlos-SP 13563-723, Brazil
| | - Napoleão Fonseca Valadares
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Brasília-DF 70910900, Brazil
| | - Patricia Suemy Kumagai
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Joao Dagnone 1100, São Carlos-SP 13563-723, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Paula Ulian Araújo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Joao Dagnone 1100, São Carlos-SP 13563-723, Brazil
| | - Richard Charles Garratt
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Joao Dagnone 1100, São Carlos-SP 13563-723, Brazil
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15
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Jiang Y, Liu L, Xiang Q, He X, Wang Y, Zhou D, Zou C, Chen Q, Peng M, He J, Jiang X, Xiang T, Yang Y. SEPT9_v2, frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation, exerts anti-tumor functions through inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via miR92b-3p/FZD10 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:41. [PMID: 32138771 PMCID: PMC7059696 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma tends to present at an advanced stage because the primary anatomic site is located in a less visible area and its clinical symptoms are nonspecific. Prognosis of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases remains disappointing. SEPT9 is a methylation-based biomarker approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. Interestingly, downregulation of SEPT9, especially SEPT9_v2, mediated by promoter hypermethylation has been also detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma than in head and neck squamous epithelium, while other SEPT9 variants did not. These reasons above indicate a crucial role of SEPT9_v2 in cancer progression. Therefore, we address the methylation status of SEPT9_v2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and explore the role of SEPT9_v2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation and cancer progression. Results SEPT9_v2 expression was found to be downregulated via promoter methylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and tissues. Ectopic expression of SEPT9_v2 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which exerted an inhibitory effect in cell proliferation and colony formation. Additionally, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and invasion were shown to be inhibited by SEPT9_v2. Furthermore, our data suggested that SEPT9_v2 inhibits proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via miR92b-3p/FZD10. Conclusions This study delineates SEPT9_v2, frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation, exerts anti-tumor functions through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via miR92b-3p/FZD10 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and, hence, SEPT9_v2 may be a promising therapeutic target and biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dishu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Can Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mingyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xianyao Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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16
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Wilkins OM, Johnson KC, Houseman EA, King JE, Marsit CJ, Christensen BC. Genome-wide characterization of cytosine-specific 5-hydroxymethylation in normal breast tissue. Epigenetics 2019; 15:398-418. [PMID: 31842685 PMCID: PMC7153548 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1695332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent evidence that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) possesses roles in gene regulation distinct from 5-methylcytosine (5mC), relatively little is known regarding the functions of 5hmC in mammalian tissues. To address this issue, we utilized an approach combining both paired bisulfite (BS) and oxidative bisulfite (oxBS) DNA treatment, to resolve genome-wide patterns of 5hmC and 5mC in normal breast tissue from disease-free women. Although less abundant than 5mC, 5hmC was differentially distributed, and consistently enriched among breast-specific enhancers and transcriptionally active chromatin. In contrast, regulatory regions associated with transcriptional inactivity, such as heterochromatin and repressed Polycomb regions, were relatively depleted of 5hmC. Gene regions containing abundant 5hmC were significantly associated with lactate oxidation, immune cell function, and prolactin signaling pathways. Furthermore, genes containing abundant 5hmC were enriched among those actively transcribed in normal breast tissue. Finally, in independent data sets, normal breast tissue 5hmC was significantly enriched among CpG loci demonstrated to have altered methylation in pre-invasive breast cancer and invasive breast tumors. Primarily, our findings identify genomic loci containing abundant 5hmC in breast tissues and provide a genome-wide map of nucleotide-level 5hmC in normal breast tissue. Additionally, these data suggest 5hmC may participate in gene regulatory programs that are dysregulated during breast-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Wilkins
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kevin C Johnson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - E Andres Houseman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jessica E King
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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17
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Zeng Y, Cao Y, Liu L, Zhao J, Zhang T, Xiao L, Jia M, Tian Q, Yu H, Chen S, Cai Y. SEPT9_i1 regulates human breast cancer cell motility through cytoskeletal and RhoA/FAK signaling pathway regulation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:720. [PMID: 31558699 PMCID: PMC6763430 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing cell mobility is the basis of tumor invasion and metastasis, and is therefore a therapeutic target for preventing the spread of many types of cancer. Septins are a family of cytoskeletal proteins with GTPase activity, and play a role in many important cellular functions, including cell migration. SEPT9 isoform 1 protein (SEPT9_i1) has been associated with breast tumor development and the enhancement of cell migration; however, the exact mechanism of how SEPT9_i1 might affect breast cancer progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that the expression of SEPT9_i1 positively correlated with paxillin, and both were significantly upregulated in invasive breast cancer tissues of patients with lymph node metastases. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of SEPT9 in MCF-7 cells diminished tumor cell migration, focal adhesion (FA) maturation and the expression of β-actin, β-tubulin, Cdc42, RhoA, and Rac, whereas overexpression of SEPT9_i1 in SEPT9-knockdown MCF-7 cells promoted cell migration, FA maturation and relevant protein expression. Furthermore, overexpression of SEPT9_i1 in MCF-7 cells markedly increased FAK/Src/paxillin signaling, at least in part through RhoA/ROCK1 upstream activation. Transcriptome profiling suggested that SEPT9_i1 may directly affect “Focal adhesion” and “Regulation of actin cytoskeleton” signaling mechanisms. Finally, overexpression of SEPT9_i1 markedly enhanced lung metastases in vivo 6 weeks after tumor inoculation. These findings suggest that a mechanism of Septin-9-induced aberrant cancer cell migration is through cytoskeletal regulation and FA modulation, and encourages the use of SEPT9 as novel therapeutic target in the prevention of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lifan Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Man Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaokun Chen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yansen Cai
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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18
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Septin 9 isoforms promote tumorigenesis in mammary epithelial cells by increasing migration and ECM degradation through metalloproteinase secretion at focal adhesions. Oncogene 2019; 38:5839-5859. [PMID: 31285548 PMCID: PMC6859949 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal interacting protein Septin 9 (SEPT9), a member of the septin gene family, has been proposed to have oncogenic functions. It is a known hot spot of retroviral tagging insertion and a fusion partner of both de novo and therapy-induced mixed lineage leukemia (MLL). Of all septins, SEPT9 holds the strongest link to cancer, especially breast cancer. Murine models of breast cancer frequently exhibit Sept9 amplification in the form of double minute chromosomes, and about 20% of human breast cancer display genomic amplification and protein over expression at the SEPT9 locus. Yet, a clear mechanism by which SEPT9 elicits tumor-promoting functions is lacking. To obtain unbiased insights on molecular signatures of SEPT9 upregulation in breast tumors, we overexpressed several of its isoforms in breast cancer cell lines. Global transcriptomic profiling supports a role of SEPT9 in invasion. Functional studies reveal that SEPT9 upregulation is sufficient to increase degradation of the extracellular matrix, while SEPT9 downregulation inhibits this process. The degradation pattern is peripheral and associated with focal adhesions (FA), where it is coupled with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases. SEPT9 overexpression induces MMP upregulation in human tumors and in culture models and promotes MMP3 secretion to the media at FAs. Downregulation of SEPT9 or chemical inhibition of septin filament assembly impairs recruitment of MMP3 to FAs. Our results indicate that SEPT9 promotes upregulation and both trafficking and secretion of MMPs near FAs, thus enhancing migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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19
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Lam M, Calvo F. Regulation of mechanotransduction: Emerging roles for septins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 76:115-122. [PMID: 30091182 PMCID: PMC6519387 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cells exist in dynamic three‐dimensional environments where they experience variable mechanical forces due to their interaction with the extracellular matrix, neighbouring cells and physical stresses. The ability to constantly and rapidly alter cellular behaviour in response to the mechanical environment is therefore crucial for cell viability, tissue development and homeostasis. Mechanotransduction is the process whereby cells translate mechanical inputs into biochemical signals. These signals in turn adjust cell morphology and cellular functions as diverse as proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of mechanotransduction and how septins may participate in it, drawing on their architecture and localization, their ability to directly bind and modify actomyosin networks and membranes, and their associations with the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Lam
- Tumour Microenvironment Team, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Tumour Microenvironment Team, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Tumour Microenvironment Team, Department of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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20
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Imaging of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and septin 9 interaction by bimolecular fluorescence complementation in live cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31830-31841. [PMID: 28380438 PMCID: PMC5458251 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a major mediator of the hypoxic response involved in tumor progression. We had earlier described the interaction between septin 9 isoform 1 (SEPT9_i1) protein and the oxygen-regulated subunit, HIF-1α. SEPT9_i1 is a member of the conserved family of GTP-binding cytoskeleton septins. SEPT9_i1 stabilizes HIF-1α and facilitates its cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation. We utilized split yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) methodology to monitor the interaction between HIF-1α and SEPT9_i1 in live cells. N-terminal (YN) and C-terminal (YC) split YFP chimeras with HIF-1α and SEPT9_i1 on both their amino and carboxyl termini were generated. HIF-1α and SEPT9_i1 chimeras were expressed in cancer cells and screened for functional complementation. SEPT9_i1-YN and YC-HIF-1α formed a long-lived highly stable complex upon interaction. The BiFC signal was increased in the presence of hypoxia-mimicking agents. In contrast, YC-ΔHLH-HIF-1α chimera, which lacked the helix-loop-helix domain that is essential for the interaction with SEPT9_i1 as well as the expression of SEPT9_i1 252-379 amino acids fragment required for the interaction with HIF-1α, significantly reduced the BiFC signal. The signal was also reduced when cells were treated with 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, an HSP90 inhibitor that inhibits HIF-1α. It was increased with fourchlorfenuron, a small molecule that increases the interaction between HIF-1α and SEPT9_i1. These results reconfirmed the interaction between HIF-1α and SEPT9_i1 that was imaged in live cells. This BiFC system represents a novel approach for studying the real-time interaction between these two proteins and will allow high-throughput drug screening to identity compounds that disrupt this interaction.
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Senger K, Marka G, Soller K, Sakk V, Florian MC, Geiger H. Septin 6 regulates engraftment and lymphoid differentiation potential of murine long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2017; 55:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Schröck A, Leisse A, de Vos L, Gevensleben H, Dröge F, Franzen A, Wachendörfer M, Schröck F, Ellinger J, Teschke M, Wilhelm-Buchstab T, Landsberg J, Holdenrieder S, Hartmann G, Field JK, Bootz F, Kristiansen G, Dietrich D. Free-Circulating Methylated DNA in Blood for Diagnosis, Staging, Prognosis, and Monitoring of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1288-1296. [PMID: 28515105 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.270207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating cell-free DNA methylation testing in blood has recently received regulatory approval for screening of colorectal cancer. Its application in other clinical settings, including staging, prognosis, prediction, and recurrence monitoring is highly promising, and of particular interest in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) that represent a heterogeneous group of cancers with unsatisfactory treatment guidelines. METHODS Short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) and septin 9 (SEPT9) DNA methylation in plasma from 649 prospectively enrolled patients (training study: 284 HNSCC/122 control patients; testing study: 141 HNSCC/102 control patients) was quantified before treatment and longitudinally during surveillance. RESULTS In the training study, 59% of HNSCC patients were methylation-positive at 96% specificity. Methylation levels correlated with tumor and nodal category (P < 0.001). Initially increased methylation levels were associated with a higher risk of death [SEPT9: hazard ratio (HR) = 5.27, P = 0.001; SHOX2: HR = 2.32, P = 0.024]. Disease recurrence/metastases were detected in 47% of patients up to 377 days earlier compared to current clinical practice. The onset of second cancers was detected up to 343 days earlier. In the testing study, sensitivity (52%), specificity (95%), prediction of overall survival (SEPT9: HR = 2.78, P = 0.022; SHOX2: HR = 2.50, P = 0.026), and correlation with tumor and nodal category (P <0.001) were successfully validated. CONCLUSIONS Methylation testing in plasma is a powerful diagnostic tool for molecular disease staging, risk stratification, and disease monitoring. Patients with initially high biomarker levels might benefit from intensified treatment and posttherapeutic surveillance. The early detection of a recurrent/metastatic disease or a second malignancy could lead to an earlier consecutive treatment, thereby improving patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schröck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette Leisse
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luka de Vos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Freya Dröge
- Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alina Franzen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Malin Wachendörfer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Schröck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Teschke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - John K Field
- University of Liverpool Cancer Research Center, Liverpool, UK
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany;
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Septin 9_i2 is downregulated in tumors, impairs cancer cell migration and alters subnuclear actin filaments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44976. [PMID: 28338090 PMCID: PMC5364497 DOI: 10.1038/srep44976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functions of septin cytoskeletal polymers in tumorigenesis are still poorly defined. Their role in the regulation of cytokinesis and cell migration were proposed to contribute to cancer associated aneuploidy and metastasis. Overexpression of Septin 9 (Sept9) promotes migration of cancer cell lines. SEPT9 mRNA and protein expression is increased in breast tumors compared to normal and peritumoral tissues and amplification of SEPT9 gene was positively correlated with breast tumor progression. However, the existence of multiple isoforms of Sept9 is a confounding factor in the analysis of Sept9 functions. In the present study, we analyze the protein expression of Sept9_i2, an uncharacterized isoform, in breast cancer cell lines and tumors and describe its specific impact on cancer cell migration and Sept9 cytoskeletal distribution. Collectively, our results showed that, contrary to Sept9_i1, Sept9_i2 did not support cancer cell migration, and induced a loss of subnuclear actin filaments. These effects were dependent on Sept9_i2 specific N-terminal sequence. Sept9_i2 was strongly down-regulated in breast tumors compared to normal mammary tissues. Thus our data indicate that Sept9_i2 is a negative regulator of breast tumorigenesis. We propose that Sept9 tumorigenic properties depend on the balance between Sept9_i1 and Sept9_i2 expression levels.
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Poüs C, Klipfel L, Baillet A. Cancer-Related Functions and Subcellular Localizations of Septins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:126. [PMID: 27878118 PMCID: PMC5099157 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial discovery of septin family GTPases, the understanding of their molecular organization and cellular roles keeps being refined. Septins have been involved in many physiological processes and the misregulation of specific septin gene expression has been implicated in diverse human pathologies, including neurological disorders and cancer. In this minireview, we focus on the importance of the subunit composition and subcellular localization of septins relevant to tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. We especially underline the importance of septin polymer composition and of their association with the plasma membrane, actin, or microtubules in cell functions involved in cancer and in resistance to cancer therapies. Through their scaffolding role, their function in membrane compartmentalization or through their protective function against protein degradation, septins also emerge as critical organizers of membrane-associated proteins and of signaling pathways implicated in cancer-associated angiogenesis, apoptosis, polarity, migration, proliferation, and in metastasis. Also, the question as to which of the free monomers, hetero-oligomers, or filaments is the functional form of mammalian septins is raised and the control over their spatial and temporal localization is discussed. The increasing amount of crosstalks identified between septins and cellular signaling mediators reinforces the exciting possibility that septins could be new targets in anti-cancer therapies or in therapeutic strategies to limit drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Poüs
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-SaclayChâtenay-Malabry, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HPClamart, France
| | - Laurence Klipfel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-SaclayChâtenay-Malabry, France; Département de Génétique, Institut de la Vision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 968, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7210Paris, France
| | - Anita Baillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Semaan A, van Ellen A, Meller S, Bergheim D, Branchi V, Lingohr P, Goltz D, Kalff JC, Kristiansen G, Matthaei H, Pantelis D, Dietrich D. SEPT9 and SHOX2 DNA methylation status and its utility in the diagnosis of colonic adenomas and colorectal adenocarcinomas. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:100. [PMID: 27660666 PMCID: PMC5028994 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) appear to arise from precursor lesions in a well-characterized adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Significant efforts have been invested to develop biomarkers that identify early adenocarcinomas and adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, since these are believed to harbor a particularly high risk for malignant transition and thus require resection. Promoter methylation of SEPT9 and SHOX2 has been suggested as a biomarker for various solid malignant tumors. Hence, the present study aimed to test their biomarker potential in CRC and precursor lesions. Results Assessment of promoter methylation of SEPT9 distinguished adenomas and CRC from controls as well as advanced from non-advanced adenomas (all p < 0.001). Correspondingly, SHOX2 methylation levels in adenomas and colorectal carcinomas were significantly higher compared to those in normal control tissues (p < 0.001). Histologic transition from adenomas to CRC was paralleled by amplification of the SEPT9 gene locus. Conclusions SEPT9/SHOX2 methylation assays may help to distinguish colorectal cancer and adenomas from normal and inflammatory colonic tissue, as well as advanced from non-advanced adenomas. Further studies need to validate these findings before introduction in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Semaan
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne van Ellen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Bergheim
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vittorio Branchi
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Lingohr
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diane Goltz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg C Kalff
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanno Matthaei
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Pantelis
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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A Blood Test for Methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 vs. a Fecal Immunochemical Test for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e137. [PMID: 26765125 PMCID: PMC4737873 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the performance of a new blood test for colorectal cancer (CRC) to an established fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in a study population with the full range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathologies encountered in the colon and rectum. Methods: Volunteers were asked to complete a FIT prior to colonoscopy. Blood was collected after bowel preparation but prior to colonoscopy, and plasma was assayed for the presence of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 DNA using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. Sensitivity and specificity estimates for the blood test were calculated from true- and false-positive rates for neoplasia and compared with FIT at a range of fecal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration positivity thresholds. Results: In total, 1,381 volunteers (median age 64 years; 49% male) completed both tests prior to colonoscopy. Estimated sensitivity of the BCAT1/IKZF1 blood test for CRC was 62% (41/66; 95% confidence interval 49–74%) with a specificity of 92% (1207/1315; 90–93%). FIT returned the same specificity at a cutoff of 60 μg Hb/g, at which its corresponding sensitivity for cancer was 64% (42/66; 51–75%). In the range of commonly used FIT cutoffs, respective cancer sensitivity and specificity estimates with FIT were: 59% (46–71%) and 93% (92–95%) at 80 μg Hb/g, and 79% (67–88%) and 81% (78–83%) at 10 μg Hb/g. Although estimated sensitivities were not significantly different between the two tests for any stage of cancer, FIT showed a significantly higher sensitivity for advanced adenoma at the lower cutoffs. Specificity of FIT, but not of the BCAT1/IKZF1 blood test, deteriorated substantially in people with overt blood in the feces. When combining FIT (cutoff 10 μg Hb/g) with the BCAT1/IKZF1 blood test, sensitivity for cancer was 89% (79–96%) at 74% (72–77%) specificity. Conclusions: A test based on detection of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 DNA in blood has comparable sensitivity but better specificity for CRC than FIT at the commonly used positivity threshold of 10 μg Hb/g. Further evaluation of the new test relative to FIT in the population screening context is now required to fully understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of these biomarkers in screening.
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27
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Establishment of a new OSCC cell line derived from OLK and identification of malignant transformation-related proteins by differential proteomics approach. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12668. [PMID: 26234610 PMCID: PMC4522661 DOI: 10.1038/srep12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually preceded by the oral premalignant lesions, mainly oral leukoplakia (OLK) after repeated insults of carcinogens, tobacco. B(a)P and DMBA are key carcinogens in tobacco smoke. In the present study, for the first time we established the cancerous cell line OSCC-BD induced by B(a)P/DMBA mixture and transformed from dysplastic oral leukoplakia cell line DOK. Cell morphology, proliferation ability, migration ability, colony formation, and tumorigenicity were studied and confirmed the malignant characteristics of OSCC-BD cells. We further identified the differential proteins between DOK and OSCC-BD cells by stable isotope dimethyl labeling based quantitative proteomic method, which showed 18 proteins up-regulated and 16 proteins down-regulated with RSD < 8%. Differential proteins are mainly related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, DNA replication, RNA splicing and apoptosis. Abberant binding function, catalysis activity and transportor activity of differential proteins might contribute to the malignant transformation of OLK. Of the 34 identified differential proteins with RSD < 8%, 13 novel cancer-related proteins were reported in the present study. This study might provide a new insight into the mechanism of OLK malignant transformation and the potent biomarkers for early diagnosis, meanwhile further facilitate the application of the quantification proteomics to carcinogenesis research.
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28
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Johnson CR, Weems AD, Brewer JM, Thorner J, McMurray MA. Cytosolic chaperones mediate quality control of higher-order septin assembly in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1323-44. [PMID: 25673805 PMCID: PMC4454179 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septin hetero-oligomers polymerize into cytoskeletal filaments with essential functions in many eukaryotic cell types. Mutations within the oligomerization interface that encompasses the GTP-binding pocket of a septin (its "G interface") cause thermoinstability of yeast septin hetero-oligomer assembly, and human disease. When coexpressed with its wild-type counterpart, a G interface mutant is excluded from septin filaments, even at moderate temperatures. We show that this quality control mechanism is specific to G interface mutants, operates during de novo septin hetero-oligomer assembly, and requires specific cytosolic chaperones. Chaperone overexpression lowers the temperature permissive for proliferation of cells expressing a G interface mutant as the sole source of a given septin. Mutations that perturb the septin G interface retard release from these chaperones, imposing a kinetic delay on the availability of nascent septin molecules for higher-order assembly. Un-expectedly, the disaggregase Hsp104 contributes to this delay in a manner that does not require its "unfoldase" activity, indicating a latent "holdase" activity toward mutant septins. These findings provide new roles for chaperone-mediated kinetic partitioning of non-native proteins and may help explain the etiology of septin-linked human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Andrew D Weems
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jennifer M Brewer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jeremy Thorner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Michael A McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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29
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Diesenberg K, Beerbaum M, Fink U, Schmieder P, Krauss M. SEPT9 negatively regulates ubiquitin-dependent downregulation of EGFR. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:397-407. [PMID: 25472714 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.162206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins constitute a family of GTP-binding proteins that are involved in a variety of biological processes. Several isoforms have been implicated in disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we show that depletion of SEPT9 decreases surface levels of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) by enhancing receptor degradation. We identify a consensus motif within the SEPT9 N-terminal domain that supports its association with the adaptor protein CIN85 (also known as SH3KBP1). We further show CIN85-SEPT9 to be localized exclusively to the plasma membrane, where SEPT9 is recruited to EGF-engaged receptors in a CIN85-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that SEPT9 negatively regulates EGFR degradation by preventing the association of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl with CIN85, resulting in reduced EGFR ubiquitylation. Taken together, these data provide a mechanistic explanation of how SEPT9, though acting exclusively at the plasma membrane, impairs the sorting of EGFRs into the degradative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Diesenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Beerbaum
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Fink
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Krauss
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Functional analysis of the SEPT9-ABL1 chimeric fusion gene derived from T-prolymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1451-9. [PMID: 25217890 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the function of a SEPT9-ABL1 fusion identified in a case of T-prolymphocytic leukemia with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. Five isoforms with different N-termini, including SEPT9a-ABL1, SEPT9b-ABL1, SEPT9d-ABL1, SEPT9e-ABL1 and SEPT9f-ABL1, were detected in the leukemic cells. All isoforms except SEPT9d-ABL1 are localized in the cytoplasm, undergo autophosphorylation and phosphorylate the downstream targets, STAT-5 and Crkl, and provided IL-3-independence and in vivo invasiveness to 32D cells. Additionally, these SEPT9-ABL1 isoforms were resistant to TKIs in vitro and in vivo, in comparison to BCR-ABL1. These findings demonstrated that SEPT9-ABL1 had oncogenic activity and conferred resistance to TKIs.
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31
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Mostowy S, Bi E, Füchtbauer EM, Goryachev AB, Montagna C, Nagata KI, Trimble WS, Werner HB, Yao X, Zieger B, Spiliotis ET. Highlight: the 5th International Workshop on Septin Biology. Biol Chem 2014; 395:119-21. [PMID: 24334412 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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