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Makinwa Y, Luo Y, Musich PR, Zou Y. Canonical and Noncanonical Functions of the BH3 Domain Protein Bid in Apoptosis, Oncogenesis, Cancer Therapeutics, and Aging. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2199. [PMID: 38927905 PMCID: PMC11202167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy with limited adverse effects is a major challenge in the medical field. This is especially complicated by the development of acquired chemoresistance. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie these processes remains a major effort in cancer research. In this review, we focus on the dual role that Bid protein plays in apoptotic cell death via the mitochondrial pathway, in oncogenesis and in cancer therapeutics. The BH3 domain in Bid and the anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, mitochondrial ATR) it associates with at the outer mitochondrial membrane provides us with a viable target in cancer therapy. We will discuss the roles of Bid, mitochondrial ATR, and other anti-apoptotic proteins in intrinsic apoptosis, exploring how their interaction sustains cellular viability despite the initiation of upstream death signals. The unexpected upregulation of this Bid protein in cancer cells can also be instrumental in explaining the mechanisms behind acquired chemoresistance. The stable protein associations at the mitochondria between tBid and anti-apoptotic mitochondrial ATR play a crucial role in maintaining the viability of cancer cells, suggesting a novel mechanism to induce cancer cell apoptosis by freeing tBid from the ATR associations at mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetunde Makinwa
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yibo Luo
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Phillip R. Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA;
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
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Qasemi M, Sur VP, Simonik O, Postlerova P, Skrobanek P, Hradec T, Boublikova L, Zamecnik L, Buchler T, Neuzil J, Komrskova K. Sperm mitochondria dysfunction in response to testicular cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14146. [PMID: 38069497 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most common form of cancer in young men of reproductive age and its incidence is increasing globally. With the currently successful treatment and 95% survival rate, there is a need for deeper understanding of testicular cancer-related infertility. Most patients with testicular cancer experience semen abnormalities prior to cancer therapy. However, the exact mechanism of the effect of testicular cancer on sperm anomalies is not known. Mitochondria are organelles that play a crucial role in both tumorigenesis and spermatogenesis and their malfunction may be an important factor resulting in sperm abnormalities in testicular cancer patients. Within the scope of this review, we will discuss current knowledge of testicular cancer-related alterations in the ATP production pathway, a possible pathophysiological switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, as well as the role of oxidative stress promoting sperm dysfunction. In this regard, the review provides a summary of the impact of testicular cancer on sperm quality as a possible consequence of impaired mitochondrial function including the energy metabolic pathways that are known to be altered in the sperm of testicular cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Qasemi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vishma Pratap Sur
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Simonik
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Postlerova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Skrobanek
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hradec
- Department of Urology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Boublikova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Zamecnik
- Department of Urology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katerina Komrskova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Suleimenov M, Bekbayev S, Ten M, Suleimenova N, Tlegenova M, Nurmagambetova A, Kauanova S, Vorobjev I. Bcl-xL activity influences outcome of the mitotic arrest. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933112. [PMID: 36188556 PMCID: PMC9520339 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting (MT) drugs taxanes and vinca alkaloids are widely used as chemotherapeutic agents against different tumors for more than 30 years because of their ability to block mitotic progression by disrupting the mitotic spindle and activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) for a prolonged period of time. However, responses to mitotic arrest are different—some cells die during mitotic arrest, whereas others undergo mitotic slippage and survive becoming able for proliferation. Using normal fibroblasts and several cancer cell types we determined two critical doses, T1 and T2, of mitotic inhibitors (nocodazole, Taxol, and vinorelbine). T1 is the maximal dose cells can tolerate undergoing normal division, and T2 is the minimal mitostatic dose, wherein > 90% of mitotic cells are arrested in mitosis. In all studied cell lines after treatment with mitotic inhibitors in a dose above T2 cells had entered mitosis either die or undergo mitotic slippage. We show that for all three drugs used cell death during mitotic arrest and after slippage proceeded via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. We determined two types of cancer cells: sensitive to mitotic arrest, that is, undergoing death in mitosis (DiM) frequently, and resistant to mitotic arrest, that is, undergoing mitotic slippage followed by prolonged survival. We then determined that inhibition of Bcl-xL, but not other anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 group that regulate MOMP, make resistant cells susceptible to DiM induced by mitotic inhibitors. Combined treatment with MT drugs and highly specific Bcl-xL inhibitors A-1155643 or A-1331852 allows achieving 100% DiM in a time significantly shorter than maximal duration of mitotic arrest in all types of cultured cells tested. We further examined efficacy of sequential treatment of cultured cells using mitotic inhibitors followed by inhibitors of Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein and for the first time show that sensitivity to Bcl-xL inhibitors rapidly declines after mitotic slippage. Thus sequential use of mitotic inhibitors and inhibitors of Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein will be efficient only if the Bcl-xL inhibitor will be added before mitotic slippage occurs or soon afterward. The combined treatment proposed might be an efficient approach to anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Suleimenov
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Bekbayev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - M. Ten
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - N. Suleimenova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - M. Tlegenova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - A. Nurmagambetova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- School of Engineering and Digital Science, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - S. Kauanova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - I. Vorobjev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- *Correspondence: I. Vorobjev,
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Hino M, Iemura K, Ikeda M, Itoh G, Tanaka K. Chromosome alignment-maintaining phosphoprotein CHAMP1 plays a role in cell survival through regulating Mcl-1 expression. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3711-3721. [PMID: 34107118 PMCID: PMC8409433 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimitotic drugs such as vinca alkaloids and taxanes cause mitotic cell death after prolonged mitotic arrest. However, a fraction of cells escape from mitotic arrest by undergoing mitotic slippage, which is related to resistance to antimitotic drugs. Tipping the balance to mitotic cell death thus can be a way to overcome the drug resistance. Here we found that depletion of a mitotic regulator, CHAMP1 (chromosome alignment-maintaining phosphoprotein, CAMP), accelerates the timing of mitotic cell death after mitotic arrest. Live cell imaging revealed that CHAMP1-depleted cells died earlier than mock-treated cells in the presence of antimitotic drugs that resulted in the reduction of cells undergoing mitotic slippage. Depletion CHAMP1 reduces the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, especially Mcl-1. We found that CHAMP1 maintains Mcl-1 expression both at protein and mRNA levels independently of the cell cycle. At the protein level, CHAMP1 maintains Mcl-1 stability by suppressing proteasome-dependent degradation. Depletion of CHAMP1 reduces cell viability, and exhibits synergistic effects with antimitotic drugs. Our data suggest that CHAMP1 plays a role in the maintenance of Mcl-1 expression, implying that CHAMP1 can be a target to overcome the resistance to antimitotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Hino
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Iemura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Zhu M, Cui S, Hao Z, Wang W, Yang Q, Chen C, Wang J, Zhou Q. [Curcumin induces human lens epithelial cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:722-728. [PMID: 34134960 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of curcumin on cell cycle and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells and the possible molecular mechanism. OBJECTIVE Cultured human lens epithelial cell line HLEC-SRA01/04 was treated with 20, 40 and 60 μmol/L curcumin for 24 or 48 h. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was determined using MTT assay, and the changes in cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis rate were analyzed with flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin B1, CDK1, β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 in the cells. OBJECTIVE Curcumin concentration- and time-dependently inhibited the proliferation of in HLEC-SRA01/04 cells as compared with the control cells (P < .05). Flow cytometric analysis showed that curcumin significantly increased apoptosis rate and cell percentage in G2/M phase and lowered mitochondrial membrane potential of HLEC-SRA01/04 cells in a concentrationdependent manner (P < 0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that curcumin also concentration-dependently increased the cellular expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax and lowered the expressions of Bcl-2, cyclin B1, CDK1 and β-catenin along with the downstream proteins cyclin D1 and c-myc in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE Curcumin inhibits the proliferation of HLEC-SRA01/04 cells possibly by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and causing cell cycle arrest to induce cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - S Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Z Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - W Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Q Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - C Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
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Pedley R, King LE, Mallikarjun V, Wang P, Swift J, Brennan K, Gilmore AP. BioID-based proteomic analysis of the Bid interactome identifies novel proteins involved in cell-cycle-dependent apoptotic priming. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:872. [PMID: 33067418 PMCID: PMC7567853 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic priming controls the commitment of cells to apoptosis by determining how close they lie to mitochondrial permeabilisation. Variations in priming are important for how both healthy and cancer cells respond to chemotherapeutic agents, but how it is dynamically coordinated by Bcl-2 proteins remains unclear. The Bcl-2 family protein Bid is phosphorylated when cells enter mitosis, increasing apoptotic priming and sensitivity to antimitotic drugs. Here, we report an unbiased proximity biotinylation (BioID) screen to identify regulators of apoptotic priming in mitosis, using Bid as bait. The screen primarily identified proteins outside of the canonical Bid interactome. Specifically, we found that voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2) was required for Bid phosphorylation-dependent changes in apoptotic priming during mitosis. These results highlight the importance of the wider Bcl-2 family interactome in regulating the temporal control of apoptotic priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pedley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise E King
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Venkatesh Mallikarjun
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Keith Brennan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew P Gilmore
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Ma JT, Zhang XY, Cao R, Sun L, Jing W, Zhao JZ, Zhang SL, Huang LT, Han CB. Effects of Dynamin-related Protein 1 Regulated Mitochondrial Dynamic Changes on Invasion and Metastasis of Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2019; 10:4045-4053. [PMID: 31417649 PMCID: PMC6692611 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Mitochondrial imbalance of division and fusion will lead to uncontrolled cell growth. This study investigated the effects of mitochondrial dynamics regulated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) on the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells at the cellular level. Methods: Lentivirus-mediated RNAi and gene overexpression vectors containing shDrp1 and Lv-Drp1 were transfected into lung adenocarcinoma cell lines 95D and A549, respectively. An MTT assay was used to assess cell viability and a cell clone assay was used to evaluate the tumorigenic ability of lentivirus-infected cells. Cell invasion and wound healing assays were used to assess cell invasiveness and the migration rate after lentivirus infection. Annexin V-APC staining was used to determine the cell apoptosis rate. Results: In 95D cells, when the Drp1 gene is overexpressed (OE) the proliferation rate and apoptosis rate were significantly higher than those in the control group (NCOE) (P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in clone number, invasion rate, and migration rate between the two groups (P > 0. 05). The proliferation rate and clone number in the shDrp1 infected 95D cell group (KD) were significantly lower than those in the control group (NCKD) (P < 0. 05). There was no difference in apoptosis rate, invasion rate, and migration rate between h (P > 0.05). In A549 cells, unlike in 95D cells, the invasion rate of the KD group was 25% lower than that of the NCKD group (P < 0.05). After 8 hours, the cell migration rates of the two groups were basically the same, but after 24 hours, the migration rate of the KD group was 10% lower than that of the NCKD group (P < 0.05). Compared with the NCOE group, the migration rate of the OE group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Mitochondrial Drp1 is associated with the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Inhibition of Drp1 expression may contribute to anti-tumor therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Xiang-Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jian-Zhu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Shu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Han
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
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Martin D, Fallaha S, Proctor M, Stevenson A, Perrin L, McMillan N, Gabrielli B. Inhibition of Aurora A and Aurora B Is Required for the Sensitivity of HPV-Driven Cervical Cancers to Aurora Kinase Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1934-1941. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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