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Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Batra J, Clements J. Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:223-238. [PMID: 35102281 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment. KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including hormones and growth factors, membrane receptors and the extracellular matrix architecture involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Perturbations of the proteolytic cascade generated by these peptidases, and their downstream signalling actions, underlie tumour emergence or blockade of tumour growth. Recent studies have also revealed their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the KLK family and its context-dependent nature in cancer, and discuss the different therapeutic strategies available to potentially target these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Gong W, Liu Y, Preis S, Geng X, Petit-Courty A, Kiechle M, Muckenhuber A, Dreyer T, Dorn J, Courty Y, Magdolen V. Prognostic value of kallikrein-related peptidase 12 (KLK12) mRNA expression in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Mol Med 2020; 26:19. [PMID: 32028882 PMCID: PMC7006133 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serine protease KLK12 belongs to the human fifteen-member family of kallikrein-related peptidases. Differential expression accompanied by either increased or decreased enzymatic activity has been linked to several diseases including cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a very aggressive subgroup of breast cancer with high tumor recurrence rates and poor patient prognosis. Here, we quantified the KLK12 mRNA expression levels in tumor tissue of TNBC patients and analyzed their prognostic value. METHODS In the present study, KLK12 mRNA expression in tumor tissue of TNBC patients (n = 116) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR assay. The association of KLK12 mRNA levels with clinical parameters, and patients' outcome was analyzed using Chi-square tests, Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Positive, but low KLK12 mRNA levels were detected in about half of the cases (54 out of 116; 47%), the other samples were negative for KLK12 mRNA expression. No significant association was observed between KLK12 mRNA levels and clinicopathological variables (age, lymph node status, tumor size, and histological grade). In univariate Cox analyses, positive KLK12 mRNA expression was significantly associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.19-3.78, p = 0.010) as well as overall survival (OS; HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.04-3.50, p = 0.037). In multivariable Cox analysis, including all clinical parameters plus KLK12 mRNA, the latter - together with age - remained an independent unfavorable predictive marker for DFS (HR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.28-4.24, p = 0.006) and showed a trend towards significance in case of OS (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 0.96-3.38, p = 0.066). CONCLUSIONS Positive KLK12 expression is remarkably associated with shortened DFS and OS, suggesting that KLK12 plays a tumor-supporting role in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gong
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany.,Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarah Preis
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaocong Geng
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Petit-Courty
- INSERM, U1100 - Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Dreyer
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Dorn
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | - Yves Courty
- INSERM, U1100 - Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany.
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Li Q, Zhou X, Fang Z, Zhou H. Knockdown of KLK12 inhibits viability and induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cell line. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1667-1676. [PMID: 31485623 PMCID: PMC6777684 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 12 (KLK12) is overexpressed in cancer tissues including gastric, breast and prostate cancer. However, the role of KLK12 in colorectal cancer is not fully understood. In the present study, the level of KLK12 was determined by performing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. Lipofectamine® 2000 was used to transfect HT-29 cells to overexpress and knockdown KLK12. Cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis were detected by MTT, wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of EMT-associated proteins, apoptosis-associated proteins, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. It was identified that the KLK12 mRNA levels were increased significantly in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. KLK12 small interfering RNA inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion. Furthermore, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins were altered by siKLK12. Cell apoptosis was induced by KLK12 downregulation, which was demonstrated by the changes in apoptosis-associated proteins; however, KLK12 overexpression produced the opposite effect. SiKLK12 enhanced the expression of p-AMPK and suppressed the expression of p-mTOR, while KLK12 overexpression had the opposite effect. Promotion of KLK12 overexpression-induced cell viability was reversed by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, an activator of the AMPK signaling pathway, and rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that KLK12 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and may regulate cell behavior, potentially via the AMPK and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiukou Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Fang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Huamiao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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