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Pennacchio A, Giampaolo F, Piccialli F, Cuomo S, Notomista E, Spinelli M, Amoresano A, Piscitelli A, Giardina P. A machine learning-enhanced biosensor for mercury detection based on an hydrophobin chimera. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113696. [PMID: 34655970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine waters are becoming contaminated by diverse pollutants at a fast rate, and detection of these water pollutants has become a major concern in recent years. Among these, mercury is considered the most toxic element for human health. At present, despite the commonly used methods for its detection are accurate, they often require sophisticated equipments, have relatively high costs, are demanding and time-consuming. Herein a novel solution to detect mercury (II) pollution in sea water is proposed, and an easy and portable detection method has been developed. Indeed, a hydrophobin based chimera able to both adhere to polystyrene multiwell plates and bind mercury (II) with a consequent fluorescent decrease was designed. The chimera was the recognition element in a fluorescence-based biosensor able to detect mercury (II) in the nM range. Indeed, this biosensor specifically measure Hg2+ concentration also in the presence of other metals, reaching a limit of detection of 0.4 nM in tap water and 0.3 nM in sea water. Moreover, the developed biosensor was coupled to machine learning methodologies with the big advantage of predicting mercury concentration levels without the use of classical reader devices, thus allowing in situ monitoring of sea pollution by non-skilled personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pennacchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Fabio Giampaolo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Francesco Piccialli
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuomo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | | | - Michele Spinelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | | | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
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Puopolo R, Sorrentino I, Gallo G, Piscitelli A, Giardina P, Le Goff A, Fiorentino G. Self-assembling thermostable chimeras as new platform for arsenic biosensing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2991. [PMID: 33542380 PMCID: PMC7862302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct immobilization and orientation of enzymes on nanosurfaces is a crucial step either for the realization of biosensors, as well as to guarantee the efficacy of the developed biomaterials. In this work we produced two versions of a chimeric protein, namely ArsC-Vmh2 and Vmh2-ArsC, which combined the self-assembling properties of Vmh2, a hydrophobin from Pleurotus ostreatus, with that of TtArsC, a thermophilic arsenate reductase from Thermus thermophilus; both chimeras were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies. They were characterized for their enzymatic capability to reduce As(V) into As(III), as well as for their immobilization properties on polystyrene and gold in comparison to the native TtArsC. The chimeric proteins immobilized on polystyrene can be reused up to three times and stored for 15 days with 50% of activity loss. Immobilization on gold electrodes showed that both chimeras follow a classic Langmuir isotherm model towards As(III) recognition, with an association constant (KAsIII) between As(III) and the immobilized enzyme, equal to 650 (± 100) L mol-1 for ArsC-Vmh2 and to 1200 (± 300) L mol-1 for Vmh2-ArsC. The results demonstrate that gold-immobilized ArsC-Vmh2 and Vmh2-ArsC can be exploited as electrochemical biosensors to detect As(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Puopolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piscitelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alan Le Goff
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Zhang J. Two-dimensional infrared spectral explorations into bilayer and monolayer self-assemblies of amphiphilic polypeptides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:9-19. [PMID: 31914853 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1713891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)ethyleneamido) (PHAOE) is an amphiphilic polypeptide. The self-assembly is significant, but the ultrafast dynamic analyses of the peptide self-assembly are exiguous and worth further exploring. In this investigation, the temporal dynamic characteristics of the aggregates and unaggregated PHAOEs are mined by the two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. The homogeneous and inhomogeneous diffusion processes of the carbonyl stretching modes of the unaggregated PHAOEs are slower than those of the self-assemblies. The inhomogeneous spectral diffusion proportion of the biopolymer PHAOE in methanol is greater than that in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The solvation shells surround the aggregates and unaggregated PHAOEs in the protic solvent methanol, but there are not any solvation shells around the aggregates or unaggregated PHAOEs in the dipolar solvent DMSO. The massive hydrogen-bonded monolayer self-assembly has merely an aggregate of PHAOEs and no solvation shell in DMSO. But the hydrogen-bonded bilayer self-assembly has a self-assembled methanol shell and an interior aggregate of PHAOEs in methanol. The self-assemblies of PHAOEs motivate the methanols to self-assemble. The large delocalized amide structure results in the fast spectral diffusion of the carbonyl stretching mode.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Denatured lysozyme-coated carbon nanotubes: a versatile biohybrid material. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16643. [PMID: 31719550 PMCID: PMC6851173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most versatile nanomaterials, but their exploitation is hindered by limited dispersibility, especially in aqueous solvents. Here, we show that AP-LYS, a highly cationic soluble derivative of denatured hen egg lysozyme, is a very effective tool for the unbundling and solubilisation of CNTs. AP-LYS proved to mediate the complete and stable dispersion of CNTs at protein: CNT ratios ≥1: 3 (w:w) in very mild conditions (10–20 minutes sonication in ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.0). Electrophoretic mobility and ζ-potential measurements confirmed that dispersed CNTs were coated by the protein, whereas molecular docking was used to study the interactions between AP-LYS and CNTs. AP-LYS-coated CNTs proved to be a very effective microbial cell-flocculating agent with an efficiency similar to that of chitosan, one of the best available flocculating agents, thus suggesting that this hybrid could find industrial applications in the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by microbial cells, or to remove microbial cells after fermentation processes. Moreover, we exploited the low stability of AP-LYS-coated CNT dispersions in eukaryotic cell culture media to prepare scaffolds with an extracellular matrix-like rough surface for the cultivation of eukaryotic cells.
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Quarantin A, Hadeler B, Kröger C, Schäfer W, Favaron F, Sella L, Martínez-Rocha AL. Different Hydrophobins of Fusarium graminearum Are Involved in Hyphal Growth, Attachment, Water-Air Interface Penetration and Plant Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:751. [PMID: 31031728 PMCID: PMC6474331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins (HPs) are small secreted fungal proteins possibly involved in several processes such as formation of fungal aerial structures, attachment to hydrophobic surfaces, interaction with the environment and protection against the host defense system. The genome of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum contains five genes encoding for HPs (FgHyd1-5). Single and triple FgHyd mutants were produced and characterized. A reduced growth was observed when the ΔFghyd2 and the three triple mutants including the deletion of FgHyd2 were grown in complete or minimal medium. Surprisingly, the growth of these mutants was similar to wild-type when grown under ionic, osmotic or oxidative stress conditions. All the mutant strains confirmed the ability to develop conidia and perithecia, suggesting that the FgHyds are not involved in normal development of asexual and sexual structures. A reduction in the ability of hyphae to penetrate through the water-air interface was observed for the single mutants ΔFghyd2 and ΔFghyd3 as well as for the triple mutants including the deletion of FgHyd2 and FgHyd3. Besides, ΔFghyd3 and the triple mutant ΔFghyd234 were also affected in the attachment to hydrophobic surface. Indeed, wheat infection experiments showed a reduction of symptomatic spikelets for ΔFghyd2 and ΔFghyd3 and the triple mutants only when spray inoculation was performed. This result could be ascribed to the affected ability of mutants deleted of FgHyd2 and FgHyd3 to penetrate through the water-air interface and to attach to hydrophobic surfaces such as the spike tissue. This hypothesis is strengthened by a histological analysis, performed by fluorescence microscopy, showing no defects in the morphology of infection structures produced by mutant strains. Interestingly, triple hydrophobin mutants were significantly more inhibited than wild-type by the treatment with a systemic triazole fungicide, while no defects at the cell wall level were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Quarantin
- Molekulare Phytopathologie, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und Mikrobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali (TESAF), Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Birgit Hadeler
- Molekulare Phytopathologie, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und Mikrobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cathrin Kröger
- Molekulare Phytopathologie, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und Mikrobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schäfer
- Molekulare Phytopathologie, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und Mikrobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Favaron
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali (TESAF), Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Sella
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali (TESAF), Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana Lilia Martínez-Rocha
- Molekulare Phytopathologie, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und Mikrobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Development of a biosensing platform based on a laccase-hydrophobin chimera. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3061-3071. [PMID: 30783720 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple and stable immobilization of a laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus was obtained through genetic fusion with a self-assembling and adhesive class I hydrophobin. The chimera protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris and secreted into the culture medium. The crude culture supernatant was directly used for coatings of polystyrene multi-well plates without additional treatments, a procedure that resulted in a less time-consuming and chemicals reduction. Furthermore, the gene fusion yielded a positive effect with respect to the wild-type recombinant enzyme in terms of both immobilization and stability. The multi-well plate with the immobilized chimera was used to develop an optical biosensor to monitor two phenolic compounds: L-DOPA ((S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid) and caffeic acid (3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid); the estimation of which is a matter of interest in the pharmaceutics and food field. The method was based on the use of the analytes as competing inhibitors of the laccase-mediated ABTS oxidation. The main advantages of the developed biosensor are the ease of preparation, the use of small sample volumes, and the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples on a single platform.
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Ball SR, Kwan AH, Sunde M. Hydrophobin Rodlets on the Fungal Cell Wall. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 425:29-51. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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