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Fang J, Zhou G, Zhao H, Xie D, Zhang J, Kües U, Xiao Y, Fang Z, Liu J. An apoptosis-inducing factor controls programmed cell death and laccase expression during fungal interactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:135. [PMID: 38229306 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Apoptotic-like programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the main strategies for fungi to resist environmental stresses and maintain homeostasis. The apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) has been shown in different fungi to trigger PCD through upregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study identified a mitochondrial localized AIF homolog, CcAIF1, from Coprinopsis cinerea monokaryon Okayama 7. Heterologous overexpression of CcAIF1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused apoptotic-like PCD of the yeast cells. Ccaif1 was increased in transcription when C. cinerea interacted with Gongronella sp. w5, accompanied by typical apoptotic-like PCD in C. cinerea, including phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation. Decreased mycelial ROS levels were observed in Ccaif1 silenced C. cinerea transformants during cocultivation, as well as reduction of the apoptotic levels, mycelial growth, and asexual sporulation. By comparison, Ccaif1 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Moreover, the transcription and expression levels of laccase Lcc9 decreased by Ccaif1 silencing but increased firmly in Ccaif1 overexpression C. cinerea transformants in coculture. Thus, in conjunction with our previous report that intracellular ROS act as signal molecules to stimulate defense responses, we conclude that CcAIF1 is a regulator of ROS to promote apoptotic-like PCD and laccase expression in fungal-fungal interactions. In an axenic culture of C. cinerea, CcAIF1 overexpression and H2O2 stimulation together increased laccase secretion with multiplied production yield. The expression of two other normally silent isozymes, Lcc8 and Lcc13, was unexpectedly triggered along with Lcc9. KEY POINTS: • Mitochondrial CcAIF1 induces PCD during fungal-fungal interactions • CcAIF1 is a regulator of ROS to trigger the expression of Lcc9 for defense • CcAIF1 overexpression and H2O2 stimulation dramatically increase laccase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dengdeng Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jingna Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen‑Institute, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Xiao B, Feng X, Li P, Sui Z. Analysis of Hyperosmotic Tolerance Mechanisms in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Based on Weighted Co-Expression Network Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:781. [PMID: 38927717 PMCID: PMC11203144 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted transcriptome sequencing on salt-tolerant mutants X5 and X3, and a control (Ctr) strain of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis after treatment with artificial seawater at varying salinities (30‱, 45‱, and 60‱) for 3 weeks. Differentially expressed genes were identified and a weighted co-expression network analysis was conducted. The blue, red, and tan modules were most closely associated with salinity, while the black, cyan, light cyan, and yellow modules showed a close correlation with strain attributes. KEGG enrichment of genes from the aforementioned modules revealed that the key enrichment pathways for salinity attributes included the proteasome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis, whereas the key pathways for strain attributes consisted of lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-activating protein receptor (SNARE) interactions in vesicular transport, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Gene expression for the proteasome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis was higher in all strains at 60‱. In addition, gene expression in the proteasome pathway was higher in the X5-60 than Ctr-60 and X3-60. Based on the above data and relevant literature, we speculated that mutant X5 likely copes with high salt stress by upregulating genes related to lysosome and carbon fixation in photosynthesis. The proteasome may be reset to adjust the organism's proteome composition to adapt to high-salt environments, while carbon fixation may aid in maintaining material and energy metabolism for normal life activities by enhancing carbon dioxide uptake via photosynthesis. The differences between the X5-30 and Ctr-30 expression of genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, oxidative phosphorylation, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport suggested that the X5-30 may differ from Ctr-30 in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and vesicular transport. Finally, among the key pathways with good correlation with salinity and strain traits, the key genes with significant correlation with salinity and strain traits were identified by correlation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenghong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China; (B.X.); (X.F.); (P.L.)
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Riegel G, Orvain C, Recberlik S, Spaety ME, Poschet G, Venkatasamy A, Yamamoto M, Nomura S, Tsukamoto T, Masson M, Gross I, Le Lagadec R, Mellitzer G, Gaiddon C. The unfolded protein response-glutathione metabolism axis: A novel target of a cycloruthenated complexes bypassing tumor resistance mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216671. [PMID: 38290658 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs remain the reference treatment for gastric cancer (GC). However, the frequency of resistance, due to mutations in TP53 or alterations in the energy and redox metabolisms, impairs the efficacy of current treatments, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic options. Here, we show that a cycloruthenated compound targeting the redox metabolism, RDC11, induces higher cytotoxicity than oxaliplatin in GC cells and is more potent in reducing tumor growth in vivo. Detailed investigations into the mode of action of RDC11 indicated that it targets the glutathione (GSH) metabolism, which is an important drug resistance mechanism. We demonstrate that cycloruthenated complexes regulate the expression of enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway via the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and its effector ATF4. Furthermore, RDC11 induces the expression of SLC7A11 encoding for the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT. These effects lead to a lower cellular GSH content and elevated oxygen reactive species production, causing the activation of a caspase-independent apoptosis. Altogether, this study provides the first evidence that cycloruthenated complexes target the GSH metabolism, neutralizing thereby a major resistance mechanism towards platinum-based chemotherapies and anticancer immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Riegel
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Orvain
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, UMR 1260, CRBS, Regenerative Nanomedicine, "HERIIT" Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sevda Recberlik
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, UMR 1260, CRBS, Regenerative Nanomedicine, "HERIIT" Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Elodie Spaety
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aina Venkatasamy
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Department of Laboratory of Physiological Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsyua Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Murielle Masson
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, CNRS BSC-UMR 7242, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Gross
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "SMART" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, UMR 1260, CRBS, Regenerative Nanomedicine, "HERIIT" Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, UMR 1260, CRBS, Regenerative Nanomedicine, "HERIIT" Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.
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Eskandari E, Negri GL, Tan S, MacAldaz ME, Ding S, Long J, Nielsen K, Spencer SE, Morin GB, Eaves CJ. Dependence of human cell survival and proliferation on the CASP3 prodomain. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38321033 PMCID: PMC10847432 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate cell survival and proliferation are important for both the development and homeostasis of normal tissue, and as well as for the emergence and expansion of malignant cell populations. Caspase-3 (CASP3) has long been recognized for its proteolytic role in orchestrating cell death-initiated pathways and related processes; however, whether CASP3 has other functions in mammalian cells that do not depend on its known catalytic activity have remained unknown. To investigate this possibility, we examined the biological and molecular consequences of reducing CASP3 levels in normal and transformed human cells using lentiviral-mediated short hairpin-based knockdown experiments in combination with approaches designed to test the potential rescue capability of different components of the CASP3 protein. The results showed that a ≥50% reduction in CASP3 levels rapidly and consistently arrested cell cycle progression and survival in all cell types tested. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses and more specific flow cytometric measurements strongly implicated CASP3 as playing an essential role in regulating intracellular protein aggregate clearance. Intriguingly, the rescue experiments utilizing different forms of the CASP3 protein showed its prosurvival function and effective removal of protein aggregates did not require its well-known catalytic capability, and pinpointed the N-terminal prodomain of CASP3 as the exclusive component needed in a diversity of human cell types. These findings identify a new mechanism that regulates human cell survival and proliferation and thus expands the complexity of how these processes can be controlled. The graphical abstract illustrates the critical role of CASP3 for sustained proliferation and survival of human cells through the clearance of protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Eskandari
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susanna Tan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margarita E MacAldaz
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shengsen Ding
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justin Long
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karina Nielsen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra E Spencer
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Connie J Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Muzzioli R, Gallo A. The Interaction and Effect of a Small MitoBlock Library as Inhibitor of ALR Protein-Protein Interaction Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1174. [PMID: 38256258 PMCID: PMC10816046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
MIA40 and ALR of the MIA pathway mediate the import of protein precursors that form disulfides into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. This import pathway is suggested to be a linear pathway in which MIA40 first binds to the precursor via a disulfide linkage and oxidizes it. Subsequently, ALR re-oxidizes MIA40 and then ALR transfers electrons to terminal electron acceptors. However, the precise mechanism by which ALR and MIA40 coordinate translocation is unknown. With a collection of small molecule modulators (MB-5 to MB-9 and MB-13) that inhibit ALR activity, we characterized the import mechanism in mitochondria. NMR studies show that most of the compounds bind to a similar region in ALR. Mechanistic studies with small molecules demonstrate that treatment with compound MB-6 locks the precursor in a state bound to MIA40, blocking re-oxidation of MIA40 by ALR. Thus, small molecules that target a similar region in ALR alter the dynamics of the MIA import pathway differently, resulting in a set of probes that are useful for studying the catalysis of the redox-regulated import pathway in model systems.
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Zhang S, Gou S, Zhang Q, Yong X, Gan B, Jia D. FSP1 oxidizes NADPH to suppress ferroptosis. Cell Res 2023; 33:967-970. [PMID: 37739993 PMCID: PMC10709417 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengsong Gou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Yong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Lorente L, Martín MM, Ortiz-López R, González-Rivero AF, Gómez-Bernal F, Jiménez A, Pérez-Cejas A. Parthanatos type programmed cell death and septic patient mortality. Med Intensiva 2023; 47:691-696. [PMID: 37268496 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parthanatos is a form of programmed cell death mediated by apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). However, there are not data on parthanatos in septic patients. The objective of the current study was to explore whether parthanatos is associated with mortality of septic patients. DESIGN Observational and prospective study. SETTING Three Spanish Intensive Care Units during 2017. PATIENTS Patients with sepsis according to Sepsis-3 Consensus criteria. INTERVENTIONS Serum AIF concentrations were determined at moment of sepsis diagnosis. MAIN VARIABLE OF INTEREST Mortality at 30 days. RESULTS There were included 195 septic patients, and non-surviving (n=72) had serum AIF levels (p<0.001), lactic acid (p<0.001) and APACHE-II (p<0.001) that surviving (n=123). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients with serum AIF levels>55.6ng/mL had higher mortality risk (OR=3.290; 95% CI=1.551-6.979; p=0.002) controlling for age, SOFA and lactic acid. CONCLUSIONS Parthanatos is associated with mortality of septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz Tenerife, Spain
| | - Raquel Ortiz-López
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Palma, Breña Alta, La Palma, Spain
| | | | - Fuensanta Gómez-Bernal
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Pérez-Cejas
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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8
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Monjot A, Bronner G, Courtine D, Cruaud C, Da Silva C, Aury JM, Gavory F, Moné A, Vellet A, Wawrzyniak I, Colombet J, Billard H, Debroas D, Lepère C. Functional diversity of microbial eukaryotes in a meromictic lake: Coupling between metatranscriptomic and a trait-based approach. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3406-3422. [PMID: 37916456 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput sequencing has led to the discovery of a considerable diversity of microbial eukaryotes in aquatic ecosystems, nevertheless, their function and contribution to the trophic food web functioning remain poorly characterized especially in freshwater ecosystems. Based on metabarcoding data obtained from a meromictic lake ecosystem (Pavin, France), we performed a morpho-physio-phenological traits-based approach to infer functional groups of microbial eukaryotes. Metatranscriptomic data were also analysed to assess the metabolic potential of these groups across the diel cycle, size fraction, sampling depth, and periods. Our analysis highlights a huge microbial eukaryotic diversity in the monimolimnion characterized by numerous saprotrophs expressing transcripts related to sulfur and nitrate metabolism as well as dissolved and particulate organic matter degradation. We also describe strong seasonal variations of microbial eukaryotes in the mixolimnion, especially for parasites and mixoplankton. It appears that the water mixing (occurring during spring and autumn) which benefits photosynthetic host communities also promotes parasitic fungi dissemination and over-expression of genes involved in the zoospore phototaxis and stage transition in the parasitic cycle. Mixoplanktonic haptophytes over-expressing photosynthesis-, endocytosis- and phagosome-linked genes under nutrient limitation also suggest that phagotrophy may provide them an advantage over non-phagotrophic phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Monjot
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gisèle Bronner
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Courtine
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Corinne Da Silva
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Frederick Gavory
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Anne Moné
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Agnès Vellet
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jonathan Colombet
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hermine Billard
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Debroas
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécile Lepère
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Zhao Y, Lin Y, Wang B, Liu F, Zhao D, Wang W, Ren H, Wang J, Xu Z, Yan C, Ji K. A Missense Variant in AIFM1 Caused Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Intolerance to Riboflavin Deficiency. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:489-500. [PMID: 37603145 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
AIFM1 is a mitochondrial flavoprotein involved in caspase-independent cell death and regulation of respiratory chain complex biogenesis. Mutations in the AIFM1 gene have been associated with multiple clinical phenotypes, but the effectiveness of riboflavin treatment remains controversial. Furthermore, few studies explored the reasons underlying this controversy. We reported a 7-year-old boy with ataxia, sensorimotor neuropathy and muscle weakness. Genetic and histopathological analyses were conducted, along with assessments of mitochondrial function and apoptosis level induced by staurosporine. Riboflavin deficiency and supplementation experiments were performed using fibroblasts. A missense c.1019T > C (p. Met340Thr) variant of AIFM1 was detected in the proband, which caused reduced expression of AIFM1 protein and mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by downregulation of mitochondrial complex subunits, respiratory deficiency and collapse of ΔΨm. The proportion of apoptotic cells in mutant fibroblasts was lower than controls after induction of apoptosis. Riboflavin deficiency resulted in decreased AIFM1 protein levels, while supplementation with high concentrations of riboflavin partially increased AIFM1 protein levels in variant fibroblasts. In addition, mitochondrial respiratory function of mutant fibroblasts was partly improved after riboflavin supplementation. Our study elucidated the pathogenicity of the AIFM1 c.1019T > C variant and revealed mutant fibroblasts was intolerant to riboflavin deficiency. Riboflavin supplementation is helpful in maintaining the level of AIFM1 protein and mitochondrial respiratory function. Early riboflavin treatment may serve as a valuable attempt for patients with AIFM1 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kunqian Ji
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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10
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Rödl S, Herrmann JM. The role of the proteasome in mitochondrial protein quality control. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:868-879. [PMID: 37178401 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of each cellular protein is dynamically adjusted to the prevailing metabolic and stress conditions by modulation of their synthesis and degradation rates. The proteasome represents the major machinery for the degradation of proteins in eukaryotic cells. How the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) controls protein levels and removes superfluous and damaged proteins from the cytosol and the nucleus is well characterized. However, recent studies showed that the proteasome also plays a crucial role in mitochondrial protein quality control. This mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD) thereby acts on two layers: first, the proteasome removes mature, functionally compromised or mis-localized proteins from the mitochondrial surface; and second, the proteasome cleanses the mitochondrial import pore of import intermediates of nascent proteins that are stalled during translocation. In this review, we provide an overview about the components and their specific functions that facilitate proteasomal degradation of mitochondrial proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thereby we explain how the proteasome, in conjunction with a set of intramitochondrial proteases, maintains mitochondrial protein homeostasis and dynamically adapts the levels of mitochondrial proteins to specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Rödl
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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11
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Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4525. [PMID: 37760496 PMCID: PMC10526315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cancer cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play an important role as risk factors for LC. E-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) use has been dramatically increasing world-wide. There is growing concern that EVPs consumption may increase the risk of LC because EVPs contain several proven carcinogenic compounds. However, the relationship between EVPs and LC is not well established. E-cigarette contains nicotine derivatives (e.g., nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), heavy metals (including organometal compounds), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavorings (aldehydes and complex organics). Several environmental toxicants have been proven to contribute to LC. Proven and plausible environmental carcinogens could be physical (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), chemicals (such as asbestos, formaldehyde, and dioxins), and heavy metals (such as cobalt, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel). Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicles and industrial exhausts, is linked with LC. Although extensive environmental exposure prevention policies and smoking reduction strategies have been adopted globally, the dangers remain. Combined, both EVPs and toxic environmental exposures may demonstrate significant synergistic oncogenicity. This review aims to analyze the current publications on the importance of the relationship between EVPs consumption and environmental toxicants in the pathogenesis of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A. Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (S.A.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ezzat A. Ismail
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Abeer M. Hagras
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (S.A.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Cheng X, Dong F, Li J, Zou Q, Liu X, He H, Zhang H, Lv X, Wu Y, Jiang X, Qin X. Synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrazole matrine derivatives as an insecticide against Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105489. [PMID: 37532351 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major threats to global food security, Spodoptera frugiperda (S. frugiperda) is highly gaining consideration due to its severe damage. Matrine is a widely and effectively used botanical insecticide in controlling S.frugiperda but lacks a rapidly available effect. To further improved the insecticidal activity of matrine based on combination principles, this work synthesized five new pyrazole matrine derivatives (PMDs) using Michael addition and investigated insecticidal activity against 2nd instar larvae of S. frugiperda(in vivo) and its isolated cell(in vitro). Our result demonstrated that PMDs show higher pesticidal activity than that matrine in both in vitro and in vivo assays. The most toxic derivatives in vitro and in vivo are PMD-3 and PMD-1, with IC50 of 2.49 mM and LC50 of 22.76 mg/L respectively. This research also investigates the anti-proliferation mechanism of PMDs based on isolated cells. PMDs decrease mitochondria membrane potential, arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and upregulated Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and Apaf-1 to induce Caspase-dependent apoptosis. For Caspase-independent apoptosis, AIF and Endo G were found to be upregulated. Besides, pro-apoptotic factors like p53, IBM-1, and anti-apoptotic factors like IAP were upregulated. Moreover, we supposed that there was a linkage between lysosomes and PMD-induced apoptosis according to increased apoptosis rate, activated lysosomes, and upregulated Cathepsin B. This research provides new ideas for the synthesis of matrine derivatives and further demonstrated the anti-proliferation mechanism of PMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingan Cheng
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Fangyun Dong
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Qiwen Zou
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Huiqing He
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Hanhui Zhang
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yuehua Wu
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xuhong Jiang
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Xiangjing Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510301, China.
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13
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Peker E, Weiss K, Song J, Zarges C, Gerlich S, Boehm V, Trifunovic A, Langer T, Gehring NH, Becker T, Riemer J. A two-step mitochondrial import pathway couples the disulfide relay with matrix complex I biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202210019. [PMID: 37159021 PMCID: PMC10174193 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria critically rely on protein import and its tight regulation. Here, we found that the complex I assembly factor NDUFAF8 follows a two-step import pathway linking IMS and matrix import systems. A weak targeting sequence drives TIM23-dependent NDUFAF8 matrix import, and en route, allows exposure to the IMS disulfide relay, which oxidizes NDUFAF8. Import is closely surveyed by proteases: YME1L prevents accumulation of excess NDUFAF8 in the IMS, while CLPP degrades reduced NDUFAF8 in the matrix. Therefore, NDUFAF8 can only fulfil its function in complex I biogenesis if both oxidation in the IMS and subsequent matrix import work efficiently. We propose that the two-step import pathway for NDUFAF8 allows integration of the activity of matrix complex I biogenesis pathways with the activity of the mitochondrial disulfide relay system in the IMS. Such coordination might not be limited to NDUFAF8 as we identified further proteins that can follow such a two-step import pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Peker
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konstantin Weiss
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jiyao Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Zarges
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Gerlich
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Boehm
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Mitochondrial Proteostasis, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niels H. Gehring
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Qiu Y, Wang H, Fan M, Pan H, Guan J, Jiang Y, Jia Z, Wu K, Zhou H, Zhuang Q, Lei Z, Ding X, Cai H, Dong Y, Yan L, Lin A, Fu Y, Zhang D, Yan Q, Wang Q. Impaired AIF-CHCHD4 interaction and mitochondrial calcium overload contribute to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in patient-iPSC-derived neurons with AIFM1 variant. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:375. [PMID: 37365177 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a hearing impairment caused by dysfunction of inner hair cells, ribbon synapses, spiral ganglion neurons and/or the auditory nerve itself. Approximately 1/7000 newborns have abnormal auditory nerve function, accounting for 10%-14% of cases of permanent hearing loss in children. Although we previously identified the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant to be associated with ANSD, the mechanism by which ANSD is associated with AIFM1 is poorly understood. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via nucleofection with episomal plasmids. The patient-specific iPSCs were edited via CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate gene-corrected isogenic iPSCs. These iPSCs were further differentiated into neurons via neural stem cells (NSCs). The pathogenic mechanism was explored in these neurons. In patient cells (PBMCs, iPSCs, and neurons), the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant caused a novel splicing variant (c.1267-1305del), resulting in AIF p.R422Q and p.423-435del proteins, which impaired AIF dimerization. Such impaired AIF dimerization then weakened the interaction between AIF and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4). On the one hand, the mitochondrial import of ETC complex subunits was inhibited, subsequently leading to an increased ADP/ATP ratio and elevated ROS levels. On the other hand, MICU1-MICU2 heterodimerization was impaired, leading to mCa2+ overload. Calpain was activated by mCa2+ and subsequently cleaved AIF for its translocation into the nucleus, ultimately resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, correction of the AIFM1 variant significantly restored the structure and function of AIF, further improving the physiological state of patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. This study demonstrates that the AIFM1 variant is one of the molecular bases of ANSD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially mCa2+ overload, plays a prominent role in ANSD associated with AIFM1. Our findings help elucidate the mechanism of ANSD and may lead to the provision of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mingjie Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Huaye Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yangwei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zexiao Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xue Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yufei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yong Fu
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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15
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Ma T, Du J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang T. GPX4-independent ferroptosis—a new strategy in disease’s therapy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:434. [DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFerroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and earlier studies identified glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as an essential regulator of this process. Ferroptosis plays an essential role in tumors, degenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, researchers have found that inhibition of GPX4 does not entirely suppress ferroptosis in certain diseases, or cells express resistance to ferroptosis agonists that inhibit GPX4. As research progresses, it has been discovered that there are multiple regulatory pathways for ferroptosis that are independent of GPX4. The study of GPX4-independent ferroptosis pathways can better target ferroptosis to prevent and treat various diseases. Here, the currently inhibited pulmonary GPX4-dependent ferroptosis pathways will be reviewed.
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16
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Wischhof L, Scifo E, Ehninger D, Bano D. AIFM1 beyond cell death: An overview of this OXPHOS-inducing factor in mitochondrial diseases. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104231. [PMID: 35994922 PMCID: PMC9420475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial intermembrane space flavoprotein with diverse functions in cellular physiology. In this regard, a large number of studies have elucidated AIF's participation to chromatin condensation during cell death in development, cancer, cardiovascular and brain disorders. However, the discovery of rare AIFM1 mutations in patients has shifted the interest of biomedical researchers towards AIF's contribution to pathogenic mechanisms underlying inherited AIFM1-linked metabolic diseases. The functional characterization of AIF binding partners has rapidly advanced our understanding of AIF biology within the mitochondria and beyond its widely reported role in cell death. At the present time, it is reasonable to assume that AIF contributes to cell survival by promoting biogenesis and maintenance of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. With this review, we aim to outline the current knowledge around the vital role of AIF by primarily focusing on currently reported human diseases that have been linked to AIFM1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Li T, Sun Y, Zhang S, Xu Y, Li K, Xie C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cao J, Wang X, Penninger JM, Kroemer G, Blomgren K, Zhu C. AIF Overexpression Aggravates Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Male Mice After Hypoxia-Ischemia Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6613-6631. [PMID: 35974295 PMCID: PMC9525408 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There are sex differences in the severity, mechanisms, and outcomes of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) brain injury, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) may play a critical role in this discrepancy. Based on previous findings that AIF overexpression aggravates neonatal HI brain injury, we further investigated potential sex differences in the severity and molecular mechanisms underlying the injury using mice that overexpress AIF from homozygous transgenes. We found that the male sex significantly aggravated AIF-driven brain damage, as indicated by the injury volume in the gray matter (2.25 times greater in males) and by the lost volume of subcortical white matter (1.71 greater in males) after HI. As compared to females, male mice exhibited more severe brain injury, correlating with reduced antioxidant capacities, more pronounced protein carbonylation and nitration, and increased neuronal cell death. Under physiological conditions (without HI), the doublecortin-positive area in the dentate gyrus of females was 1.15 times larger than in males, indicating that AIF upregulation effectively promoted neurogenesis in females in the long term. We also found that AIF stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in young males. Altogether, these findings corroborate earlier studies and further demonstrate that AIF is involved in oxidative stress, which contributes to the sex-specific differences observed in neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cuicui Xie
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Wyżewski Z, Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP, Myszka A. Virus-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis in the Context of EBV-Associated Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137265. [PMID: 35806271 PMCID: PMC9266970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the representative of the Herpesviridae family, is a pathogen extensively distributed in the human population. One of its most characteristic features is the capability to establish latent infection in the host. The infected cells serve as a sanctuary for the dormant virus, and therefore their desensitization to apoptotic stimuli is part of the viral strategy for long-term survival. For this reason, EBV encodes a set of anti-apoptotic products. They may increase the viability of infected cells and enhance their resistance to chemotherapy, thereby contributing to the development of EBV-associated diseases, including Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), gastric cancer (GC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and several other malignancies. In this paper, we have described the molecular mechanism of anti-apoptotic actions of a set of EBV proteins. Moreover, we have reviewed the pro-survival role of non-coding viral transcripts: EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), in EBV-carrying malignant cells. The influence of EBV on the expression, activity and/or intracellular distribution of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family members, has been presented. Finally, we have also discussed therapeutic perspectives of targeting viral anti-apoptotic products or their molecular partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-728-208-338
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.M.); (K.P.G.-Z.)
| | | | - Anna Myszka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
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19
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Zou R, Zhao W, Xiao S, Lu Y. A Signature of Three Apoptosis-Related Genes Predicts Overall Survival in Breast Cancer. Front Surg 2022; 9:863035. [PMID: 35769153 PMCID: PMC9235836 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.863035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The commonest malignancy in women is known as breast cancer (BC). Numerous studies demonstrated that apoptosis appears to be critical to the management and clinical outcome of BC patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential connection between apoptosis and BC and establish the apoptosis-associated gene signature in BC. Methods The data of BC patient transcripts and related clinical information comes from the Cancer Genome Atlas Database (TCGA), and the genes related to apoptosis come from the Molecular Characterization Database (MSigDB). We identified the abnormally expressed apoptosis-related genes in BC samples. The optimal apoptosis-related genes screened by Cox regression analysis were designed to construct a prognostic model for predicting BC patients. Using the Nom Chart to Predict 1-Year, 3-Year, and 5-Year overall survival for BC patients. The gene signature-related functional pathways were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results Three genes [alpha subunit of the interleukin 3 receptor (IL3RA), apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial-associated 1 (AIFM1), and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase catalytic alpha (PIK3CA)] correlated with apoptosis were shown to be strongly linked to the overall survival of BC. Survival analysis shows that the risk score is directly proportional to the poor prognosis of BC patients. Risk assessment based on three genetic characteristics (age, pathological stage N, and pathological stage M) can independently predict the prognosis of patients with BC. The Nom chart is most suitable for assessing the long-term survival rate of BC patients. The results of GSEA demonstrated that numerous cell cycle-related pathways were abundant in the high-risk group. Conclusion We constructed an apoptosis-associated gene signature in BC, which had a potential clinical application prospect for BC patients.
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20
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Lozic M, Minarik L, Racetin A, Filipovic N, Saraga Babic M, Vukojevic K. CRKL, AIFM3, AIF, BCL2, and UBASH3A during Human Kidney Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179183. [PMID: 34502088 PMCID: PMC8431184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal expression of possible CAKUT candidate genes CRKL, AIFM3, and UBASH3A, as well as AIF and BCL2 during human kidney development. Human fetal kidney tissue was stained with antibodies and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR. Quantification of positive cells was assessed by calculation of area percentage and counting cells in nephron structures. Results showed statistically significant differences in the temporal expression patterns of the examined markers, depending on the investigated developmental stage. Limited but strong expression of CRKL was seen in developing kidneys, with increasing expression up to the period where the majority of nephrons are formed. Results also lead us to conclude that AIFM3 and AIF are important for promoting cell survival, but only AIFM3 is considered a CAKUT candidate gene due to the lack of AIF in nephron developmental structures. Our findings imply great importance of AIFM3 in energy production in nephrogenesis and tubular maturation. UBASH3A raw scores showed greater immunoreactivity in developing structures than mature ones which would point to a meaningful role in nephrogenesis. The fact that mRNA and proteins of CRKL, UBASH3A, and AIFM3 were detected in all phases of kidney development implies their role as renal development control genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Lozic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (N.F.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Luka Minarik
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (N.F.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Anita Racetin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (N.F.); (M.S.B.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Natalija Filipovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (N.F.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Mirna Saraga Babic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (N.F.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (L.M.); (A.R.); (N.F.); (M.S.B.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-807; Fax: +385-21-557-811
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21
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Severe multisystem pathology, metabolic acidosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and early death associated with an X-linked AIFM1 variant. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a006081. [PMID: 34117073 PMCID: PMC8208043 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the X-linked gene AIFM1 (apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 1) are associated with a highly variable clinical presentation that encompasses motor neuropathy, ataxia, encephalopathies, deafness, and cognitive impairment. AIFM1 encodes a mitochondrial flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidoreductase, with roles in the regulation of respiratory complex assembly and function, production of reactive oxygen species, and the coordination of a caspase-independent type of apoptosis known as parthanatos. In this report, we describe a missense AIFM1 variant (absent in reference population databases; c.506C > T, p.Pro169Leu) identified in the proband and sibling of a family with three affected males. The proband, his brother, and their maternal uncle all exhibited severe multisystem pathology, metabolic acidosis, and early demise. Metabolic testing on the proband revealed normal activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in skin fibroblasts. Absent or partial deficiency of cytochrome c oxidase was found in muscle fibers, however, supporting a Complex IV mitochondrial deficiency. Functional studies carried out on fibroblasts from the proband demonstrated reduced steady state levels of the AIFM1 protein, decreased Complex I subunit abundance, elevated sensitivity to the apoptosis inducer staurosporine, and increased nuclear condensation when grown in galactose-containing media. The reduced abundance of AIFM1 in the patient cells could not be stabilized with riboflavin or protease inhibitor treatment. Together, these findings suggest that the normal function of the AIFM1 gene product within mitochondria, and its response to apoptotic stimuli, are impaired by this variant, likely accounting for the severity of the phenotype seen in these patients. These findings also imply tissue-specific effects of this variant on different mitochondrial complexes. This study expands the genetic and phenotypic spectrum associated with AIFM1 variants, with the combination of exome sequencing and functional studies allowing a diagnosis to finally be confirmed for this family.
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Bennett JP, Onyango IG. Energy, Entropy and Quantum Tunneling of Protons and Electrons in Brain Mitochondria: Relation to Mitochondrial Impairment in Aging-Related Human Brain Diseases and Therapeutic Measures. Biomedicines 2021; 9:225. [PMID: 33671585 PMCID: PMC7927033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult human brains consume a disproportionate amount of energy substrates (2-3% of body weight; 20-25% of total glucose and oxygen). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal energy currency in brains and is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) using ATP synthase, a nano-rotor powered by the proton gradient generated from proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the multi-complex electron transport chain (ETC). ETC catalysis rates are reduced in brains from humans with neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Declines of ETC function in NDDs may result from combinations of nitrative stress (NS)-oxidative stress (OS) damage; mitochondrial and/or nuclear genomic mutations of ETC/OXPHOS genes; epigenetic modifications of ETC/OXPHOS genes; or defects in importation or assembly of ETC/OXPHOS proteins or complexes, respectively; or alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion, fission, mitophagy). Substantial free energy is gained by direct O2-mediated oxidation of NADH. Traditional ETC mechanisms require separation between O2 and electrons flowing from NADH/FADH2 through the ETC. Quantum tunneling of electrons and much larger protons may facilitate this separation. Neuronal death may be viewed as a local increase in entropy requiring constant energy input to avoid. The ATP requirement of the brain may partially be used for avoidance of local entropy increase. Mitochondrial therapeutics seeks to correct deficiencies in ETC and OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac G. Onyango
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
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23
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CHCHD4 (MIA40) and the mitochondrial disulfide relay system. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:17-27. [PMID: 33599699 PMCID: PMC7925007 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal for normal cellular physiology, as they perform a crucial role in diverse cellular functions and processes, including respiration and the regulation of bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways, as well as regulating cellular signalling and transcriptional networks. In this way, mitochondria are central to the cell's homeostatic machinery, and as such mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the pathology of a diverse range of diseases including mitochondrial disease and cancer. Mitochondrial import pathways and targeting mechanisms provide the means to transport into mitochondria the hundreds of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins that are critical for the organelle's many functions. One such import pathway is the highly evolutionarily conserved disulfide relay system (DRS) within the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), whereby proteins undergo a form of oxidation-dependent protein import. A central component of the DRS is the oxidoreductase coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4, also known as MIA40), the human homologue of yeast Mia40. Here, we summarise the recent advances made to our understanding of the role of CHCHD4 and the DRS in physiology and disease, with a specific focus on the emerging importance of CHCHD4 in regulating the cellular response to low oxygen (hypoxia) and metabolism in cancer.
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Herrmann JM, Becker K, Dick TP. Dynamics of thiol-based redox switches: redox at its peak! Biol Chem 2021; 402:221-222. [PMID: 33544502 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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